"鬼月"话"鬼"

每年阴历的七月,人们俗称“鬼月”,民间至今还流传“七月半,鬼乱窜”的迷信谚语。而七月十五的“中元节”,传言更为离奇,据说这天鬼魂全出,人们不可乱走,更忌出远门。倘若碰到鬼魂一年都将不吉利。鬼从何来?其实心理学家早就指出:一般来源于客观事物的突然出现,但却没有直接作用于人的感觉器官,而是头脑中所     

试论清微派的"会道"与"归元"

清微派在历史上是一个新兴的道派,该道派与民间社会渊源甚深,而其“会道”主张更具特色。历史上,清微派虽然没有完成“归元”的历史性使命,但其在“会道”名义之下,将弥散于社会各阶层的宗教资源进行重新整合,并将之纳入自身的系统之中,这种自我提升的努力,不仅是民间道派拓展生存空间的智慧表现,民间宗教文化的价值的彰显,更是道派会归的先声。     

从"两春"、"盲春"、"同春"说起

翻开历书,细心的人们一定会发现,阳历2004年是农历甲申(猴)年,闰二月,且正月初四(阳历2004年2月4日)和腊月廿六(阳历2005年2月4日)都是“立春”,即民间俗称的“一年两头春”或“两春”。在我国农历中,与此相类似的还有“闰八月”、“同春”、“盲春”等现象。关于农历闰月及各种特殊历法现象,我国民间有诸多说法,如“闰八月是灾年”、“马年无春是寡妇年”。“双春、同春年成好”等。这些说法有道理吗?要科学地解答上述问题,必须先了解一些最基本的历     

地藏菩萨与金乔觉

地藏菩萨是佛教中影响最大的四大菩萨之一。隋唐以后,地藏菩萨信仰深入民间,逐渐构成民间佛教信仰的重要组成部分。据说地藏菩萨在中国的应化道场为九华山,所以到九华山朝圣的信徒终年络绎不绝;农历七月三十日,是纪念地藏菩萨的节日,各地寺庙届时均举办盛大法事,宣扬地藏的盛德,许多地方还有点“地藏灯”、烧“地藏香”的风俗,地藏菩萨成为僧俗共敬的大愿     

试论《淮南子》对"法"、"德"、"风俗"的糅合

在《淮南子》糅合“法”、“德”、“俗”的治道思想中,蕴涵了“反秦／袭秦”（对“法”的改良）、“倡道德／斥礼乐”（对“德”的期待）并存的内在特质,同时,还对风俗在民间社会中的教化、规范功能有着充分的认识。     

从"法轮"含义的演变看"法轮功"邪教产生的历史根源

在中国佛教和道教的发展史中,两家经常借用对方的名词来表达自己的思想,产生了很多话语歧义。一般认为,法轮功邪教是抄袭盗用了佛教的“法轮”名词,笔者通过考证,发现“法轮功”邪教盗用的是道教经典中的“法轮”。明清时期的民间宗教、会首门泛滥成灾,它们大量盗用道教与佛教的教义和修持方法,李洪志从民间宗教、会道门那里学来一些东西,经过胡乱拼泰,编出了一套“法轮功”的歪理邪说。     

"紫姑"信仰考

厕神“紫姑”是一位非常重要但常被研究者忽视的民间女神。本文考查了“紫姑”信仰的历史渊源、风俗习惯以及历代文人对其的吟咏,以期引起研究者的重视。     

中国古代的定光佛信仰——兼论唐宋以来的民间"造佛运动"

唐末五代以至于宋,有不少僧人被视为定光佛在人间的“应身”或“化身”,甚至在同一时期、同一地区有不同的僧人都被视为“定光佛”。民间社会广为崇奉,连朝廷也予以承认并赐加封号。这种“人间佛”的出现是佛教发展中一个值得注意的现象,是隋唐以来民间持续的“造佛运动”的成果之一,是佛教进一步世俗化、民俗化的表现。     

论淮阳"泥泥狗"的造型特征与艺术价值

淮阳“泥泥狗”作为民间美术的一个特殊品种,造型奇特,有着丰富的文化内涵。它不但是民间艺术的一个纯真的“精灵”,而且也是研究中原地区远古时代图腾文化的活化石。     

"三阳劫变"思想浅析

中国民间宗教有着久远的历史和繁多的教派 ,其思想极为复杂 ,不可一概而论。但在长期的发展演变过程中 ,各个教派不免相互影响 ,于是形成了具有共通性的思想特质 ,如“三阳劫变”说。本文即重在考察“三阳劫变”说的内容、思想来源及其流行的思想背景 ,希望借此厘清“劫变”说与佛、道二教 (主要是佛教 )之间的关系。     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.