德法之治:齐国政权盛衰的历史经验教训

从德法之治的角度,研究政权的兴衰,挖掘齐国统治800年的历史,其经验教训为,任人唯贤与民心向背是政权存否的关键。以人为本是富国强兵的根本。德法不举是齐国政权败亡的主要原因。     

简论德法与齐国政权

齐国,自姜太公分封齐地建国,到田氏代齐,凡800多年。本文主要从姜太公建国,齐桓公首霸,齐景公争霸不成,田氏代齐,四个不同的历史时期探讨齐国政权的兴衰。德法并举,国泰民安,霸业有为;不法不德,政衰国败。     

试论齐国市场管理的举措

试论齐国市场管理的举措王毅齐国是春秋战国时期最发达的诸侯国,其市场的繁荣是没有哪个诸侯国敢与其媲美的。这与齐国历代君主重视市场管理,实施一些行之有效的举措是有直接关系的。本文试从齐国市场的行政管理及其政策方面列举出一些重大举措,这在市场经济方兴未艾的...     

齐国的武技

春秋战国时代,各诸侯国之间兼并竞争。齐国作为一个受分封的东方大国,在此时期曾充分显示出繁荣强盛的国势,并且称霸于一时。齐国强盛的原因固然很多,但有一点决不可忽视,这就是在攻伐     

试论齐国音乐的风格特点

齐国“因其俗,简其礼”的开明政策,不仅为“尚变革”的齐文化奠定了基础,也给齐国的音乐艺术提供了自由发展的广阔空间。因此在齐国,无论是民间音乐还是宫廷雅乐,都显现出了五彩缤纷的景象和与众不同的风格特点。本文以齐国的民间歌曲和宫廷《韶》乐为例,利用文献史料对其风格特点进行了分析论证。     

齐国的金属细工工艺

本文根据古齐国地域内出土的反映齐国金属细工工艺的文物考古资料,从考古学、金属工艺学和齐文化等方面对其进行了科学地分类研究,论证了齐国是中国古代金属细工工艺比较发达的国家和地区,并在某些方面处于领先水平,在中国古代科技发展史上占有比较重要的地位。该文还对齐国金属细工工艺器物的使用等级及金属细工工艺发达的原因进行了探讨,这对于齐国科技文化史的研究,亦具有重要的参考价值     

齐国科技发展原因试析

齐国科技发展原因试析戴吾三在齐国恢宏的历史篇章中,闪射着科学技术的夺目光彩。齐国之所以能在春秋称霸、战国逞雄,除了政治、经济、军事的因素之外．科学技术的发展具有不可忽视的作用。先秦时期,与其他诸侯国相比,齐国取得的若干科技成就曾达到领先的水平,在中国...     

试析齐国的经济发展与货币流通

试析齐国的经济发展与货币流通张继彬,仲采萍古齐是先秦东方文明大国。齐国都城临淄是其政治、经济、文化中心。太公封齐,即推行＂兴商工之业,便鱼盐之利＂的商品经济政策。桓公执政后,任管仲为相,修太公之业,致力于经济改革,以货币为杠杆发展农、工、商业而致强国...     

先秦齐国音乐繁荣原因之我见

先秦时期的齐国,在其长达800多年的历史中,创造了光辉灿烂的齐文化,而作为齐文化组成部分的音乐,不仅具有鲜明的特色,而且异常地繁荣。其繁荣的原因,与悠久的传统、统治者和民众的喜好有很大关系,而与发达经济之间的关系则更为深厚。研究齐国音乐繁荣的景象和原因,不仅是齐文化研究的需要,而且对建设和谐社会也具有积极意义。     

春秋齐国的继承制度试析

本文主要对春秋齐国的继承制度进行研究,认为春秋齐国存在着国君宠爱夫人之子而立的现象。如齐釐公宠夫人之子小白,因其母有宠,即位为齐君。齐桓公有十多个儿子,但只有六个宠夫人(每人一子)的儿子有资格争立。因此齐桓公六个宠夫人的儿子,其中五个做了国君。相反,齐昭公之子舍,虽被立为太子,但因其母无宠,"国人莫畏",得不到齐国人的支持,即位之后被弑,而没有为君。本文探讨了这种情况出现的原因,并论述了齐国的这种国君宠爱夫人之子而立的现象是一种任人唯亲的制度,是引起齐国内乱、霸业衰落的重要原因。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.