《禅门规式》与佛教的中国化

<正>前言隋唐时期创立的天台、华严、禅、净土等宗派是佛教中国化的重大成就,其中尤以禅宗最具中国特色,"会昌法难"之后更成为中国佛教的代名词。形成于晚唐五代时期的禅宗文献《禅门规式》,既是佛教中国化的成果,也是促使佛教进一步中国化的重要文献。在《景德传灯录》中,《禅门规式》系在百丈怀海名下,被认为是怀海禅师所制《百丈清规》的"大要"[1]。《宋高僧传》在叙述百丈怀海的生平时,     

华严典籍的早期传译

华严经典在华翻译发端于东汉,而后单品经与集成经并行、经与论并译。最初由西方来华僧人担任主译,精通梵语的汉人为其襄助,后逐渐形成官方译场。翻译的方法主要由"音译"转变为"意译"。华严典籍的早期翻译历程反映了魏晋南北朝大乘佛教中菩萨信仰的逐渐兴起及其在判教中所占据的重要地位。华严经典的早期翻译史是中国佛教经典翻译史的典型,彰显了佛教中国化的历史路径。     

独辟蹊径高屋建瓴——评陈永革《晚明佛教思想研究》

晚明时期是中国古代思想史上继先秦、魏晋之后再一次思想大碰撞、百家齐争鸣的时期.经过长期的萎靡不振之后,中国佛教也在此时应运新生,掀起短暂的复兴狂澜.禅、净、律、华严、天台、唯识等宗派龙象涌现,大师频出,展示着佛教巨大的生机与活力.     

宋明楞严学与中国佛教的正统性——以华严、天台《楞严经》疏为中心

从中国传统思想史来看,所谓真理通常都是建立在某一传统所形成的权威之中,由这种权威形成了所谓正统性,则具体表现在不同传统所认定的那些经典当中.佛教经典的撰成也正是为了解决"正统性的问题"(questions of orthodoxy)而产生,[1]疏解经典也成为思想家们构建其思想的最为基本的方式之一.解经看似围绕着文本的解释来进行,但那不再只是单纯的文本内的解释活动,而是结合了某种传统所赋予的"正统性"含义.     

李通玄的“观心配法”思想研究——以《新华严经论》为中心

李通玄的华严思想一直被视为华严宗的旁支,对其思想的研究大都集中于以易解华严的思想、格义佛教、与中国本土文化的融合及其判教思想、华严经的结构论等方面。通过阅读其论著《新华严经论》可以发现,李通玄的"观心配法"思想是其华严思想体系中很重要的一点,值得我们深入研究与挖掘。     

《净土十要》的信心论

本文对明代高僧智旭编撰的《净土十要》中的净土信心论作了全面的论述,指出《净土十要》从天台、华严的心性论出发,建立了净土信心论的立足点。并以此为基础,分别从大乘佛教菩萨道信仰、因缘果报论、以及破斥狂禅偏见等等角度,全方位、多层次地论证净土信心,构建了一个完整的净土信心论体系。这样的体系的建立,对清以后中国佛教的发展有重大的影响。     

天台家法与《周易》注疏——蕅益智旭对《周易》的佛学解读

《周易禅解》是蕅益智旭运用天台家法注疏儒家经典《周易》的智慧结晶。四悉说法是天台宗讲经说法绵密细致的体现,智旭以之注疏《周易》,希望由此实现"诱儒以知佛"的目的,他从佛教的立场上认为《周易》充分体现了四悉檀的基本精神。天台宗讲经说法,主张运用因缘、约教、本迹、观心四种方式来解释和消化经典的文句,此谓"四释消文",智旭对"四释消文"的运用,为《周易禅解》披上了天台法衣,使其成为宣扬天台宗思想和义理的一部力作。天台宗主张解行并进,故有十法成乘之说,智旭将此十法运用到了对《周易》的注疏上,充分展现出天台家法在注疏《周易》上的灵活性。天台宗用"六即"判定修行达到的次位高下和境界浅深,智旭时常运用"六即"疏释易卦六爻的基本含义。智旭运用天台家法注疏《周易》,不仅充分展现出天台宗诠释方法的灵活性和有效性,而且还显示出天台宗思维方式与《周易》具有相当程度的同构性。     

中国佛教天台宗的相传与继承——以慧文、慧思、智顗的相承为中心

正一、五种相承佛教传入中国当为公元一世纪前后,兴于印度的佛教经西域地区传入中国。其后,中国十分盛行由印度传入的汉译佛教经典。出身于西域龟兹地区的鸠摩罗什(344-413)被迎入长安,先后汉译了天台所依经典《法华经》以及《大般若经》、《阿弥陀经》、《维摩经》等大乘经典。此外,还汉译了《中论》、《大智度论》等中观教派的论著,被誉为伟大的译经家。至今,其译经旧     

主掌京国佛教的德感法师

唐代是中国佛教的鼎盛时期,也是五台山佛教的极盛时代.这是因为,五台山是文殊菩萨道场,栖息着许多著名的高僧大德,流布着中国佛教的天台、唯识、律宗、密宗、华严、净土和禅宗诸宗.……     

试论大乘佛教对于“真如”的不同看法

一、大乘佛教的思想体系按照佛教思想发展的过程来说,印度佛教可以分为原始佛教、部派佛数、大乘佛教三个阶段。大乘佛教在印度有中观、瑜伽、密教之分;传到中国又先后形成天台、三论、唯识、华严、禅、密、净土、律八个宗派。我们要探讨“真如”一词的含义,首先必须弄清大乘佛教各派的思想体系。因为各派的思想体系不同,对“真如”的看法也就不一致。玄奘的及门弟子窥基(632—692)     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.