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西周金文与《周易·象传》连劭名西周金文中有一些内容与《周易·象传》中所反映的思想意识相同,现就这一问题进行考述,分条叙述如下:(一)《周易·屯》:“元亨利贞,勿用有攸往,利建侯。”上卦震为动,下卦坎为险,动而有险,故曰“勿用有攸往”。上互良为止,下互... 相似文献
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《论语》中,作为古代儒家伦理情感基础的“孝”,包含“孝”的道德本原性、孝与“父之道”、孝与“礼”、孝与体察父母之心、孝与“养”、孝与“直”及亲亲相隐等方面的义理.批判扬弃《论语》中的“孝”思想,对推进当今养老、敬老道德教育有重要借鉴意义. 相似文献
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《论语·为政》第六章:孟武伯问孝。子曰:“父母唯其疾之忧。”其中“父母唯其疾之忧”的“忧”是谁施行的行为?换句话说,就是谁忧谁?是父母忧儿女之疾呢,还是儿女忧父母之疾呢?这里牵涉到对代词“其”的理解。杨伯峻先生在《论语译注》中引用了王充、高诱,马融等人的说法,认为这个“其”字既可理解为指代父 相似文献
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所谓"孝",指善事父母.<尔雅·释训>:"善事父母为孝."<说文>:"善事父母者,从老省、从子,子承老也."康殷的解释更形象:"象‘子'用头承老人手行走.用扶持老人行走之形.以表示‘孝'."[1]所谓"悌",指尊敬兄长,弟兄相亲.<说文>:"悌,善兄弟也."贾谊<新书·道术>:"弟爱兄谓之悌." 相似文献
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“孝”在儒家传统中发挥着双重功能,既是公共生活的规范,也是家庭生活中的个 人美德。作为公共规范的“孝”,往往意味着公共生活中的政治品格和家庭伦理生活的顺从 关系,被统治者所关注、舆论所监督、公权力所保障,由此,人们在日常生活中落实“孝道 ”可能演化为一种“道德表演”。作为私人美德的“孝”,建基于家庭成员的 “互爱”,它出于个体的意志自由和道德自愿,更加具有真实性,体现了血缘之亲和家庭 之爱。现代意义上的“孝道”有必要弱化“孝”的公共规范色彩,而提升其作为一种个人 美德的意义,提倡从意志自由和情感自愿的角度去维护家庭成员之间的平等关系、互爱关系 。 相似文献
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The characteristics of mediational mechanisms based upon magnitude of reinforcement were investigated using rats. In two experiments, two-choice discriminations were trained in which selections of one lever in one external stimulus and a second lever in another external stimulus were reinforced with food. In the first experiment, it was found that the discrimination was acquired more rapidly when one choice was reinforced with a large number of food pellets and the other with a smaller number of pellets than when other configurations of reinforcement magnitude were provided. In the second experiment, reversal of a two-choice discrimination was found to be facilitated by prior exposure of the animals to the reversed relationships between the external stimuli and magnitudes of reinforcement. These results were consistent with predictions from a stimulus or associative view of anticipatory processes based upon magnitude of reinforcement. 相似文献
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面孔作为一种复杂的特殊刺激,是人类表达自身情绪、认知他人情感的重要工具和途径。面孔识别是人类社会生活的一项重要技能,在缺乏外部线索时,它有助于我们对他人面孔的熟悉度、年龄和种族等方面有一个较明确的认识,从而更有利于人们社会交往和适应环境。大量研究表明,基于面孔的物理特征可以推断面孔所有者的内在特质,而这一推断又会影响个体的行为决策。因此,对面孔的认知不仅要关注面孔结构化特征,也要关注面孔社会化特征。针对面孔结构化特征,学者们提出了一些经典模型,如Bruce-Young模型、NBC模型等;针对面孔社会化特征,Alexander Todorov及其合作者采用主成分分析法,构建了包含信任度和支配度的面孔社会知觉“二维”模型。Clare A.M. Sutherland及其合作者提出,吸引力和信任度是两个独立的维度,由此构建了包含可接近性、年轻的—吸引力和支配度的面孔社会知觉“三维”模型。本文认为,面孔社会知觉模型从“二维”到“三维”的发展可以从吸引力和信任度两个维度的关系进行探讨。面孔在社会互动中传递着大量的信息,其中较为重要的是面孔信任度和面孔吸引力。其中,信任度评价具有决定性意义,信任一个不值得信任的人可能会给自身造成危害,而没信任一个值得信任的人往往意味着失去了合作的机会;吸引力评价则具有进化上的意义,吸引力往往与潜在配偶的繁殖能力有关,尤其体现在长期择偶关系之中。总结以往的面孔识别模型与本文介绍的面孔社会知觉模型,未来基于面孔特征的识别或特质推断可以从以下几方面进行思考:第一,选取生态化效度更高的面孔刺激材料;第二,进行跨文化检验模型的普适性;第三,从面孔识别模型向面孔社会知觉模型的发展需要进一步探索内在的认知神经机制;第四,进一步拓宽面孔社会知觉的研究领域。 相似文献
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采用3×3×2(年龄,材料,性别)三因素混合实验设计,按照学习成绩好、中、差分层随机选取小二、初二、大二学生被试各18名,其中男女各半,利用不同难度的材料,对被试提取自信度准确性的发展进行了考察。被试的判断等级与被试的记忆成绩之间的两点距随年龄而变化。而这种变化在不同难度间有不同的表现。(1)提取自信度准确性从小二到初二发展迅速,表现出显著差异;初二到大二阶段年龄差异不显著。材料难度对不同年级的被试提取自信度判断准确性的影响不同。材料难度越小,提取自信度准确性发展得越早。(2)提取自信度准确性发展的性别差异不显著。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2018,59(3):243-251
Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU ) is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor involved in depression and anxiety symptoms and disorders. IU encompasses Prospective IU (“Unforeseen events upset me greatly”) and Inhibitory IU (“The smallest doubt can stop me from acting”). Research has yet to explore whether subgroups or classes of people exist characterized by different profiles of IU . This study used latent class analysis to identify such subgroups and examined if different classes of IU were distinct in terms of several cognitive vulnerabilities and psychological symptoms. Data were obtained from 519 students completing a 12‐item measure of IU . Four subgroups were identified, characterized by low IU , predominantly Prospective IU , predominantly Inhibitory IU , and high IU , respectively. People in the high IU class reported cognitive vulnerabilities and depression and anxiety more than people in the low IU class. Inhibitory IU was more strongly associated with poor outcomes than was Prospective IU . 相似文献
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The purpose of the study is to develop a learning system for internal representation of the events localization space to realize orientation and navigation of autonomous mobile systems. The task of the research is the development of simulation models of the semantics of the event localization space based on multi-agent neurocognitive architectures. The paper proves that the multi-agent neurocognitive architecture is an effective formalism for describing the semantics of the spatial localization of events. Main theoretical foundations have been developed for the simulation of spatial relations using the so-called multi-agent facts, consisting of software agents-concepts, reflecting semantic categories corresponding to parts of speech. It is shown that locative software agents that describe the spatial location of objects and events, forming homogeneous connections, compose the so-called field locations. The latter describes a holistic view of the intellectual agent about the environment. The paper defines conceptual foundations of multi-agent modeling of the semantics of subjective reflexive mapping of the interaction between real objects, space and time. 相似文献