心理学的历史经验教训——在心理学史教材大纲讨论会上的发言

今天,我想从现代心理学的发展史应吸取的经验教训谈心理学前途的展望,这个问题在编写过程中,受到了若干同志们的关怀,他们提出了不少宝贵的意见。 心理学史大纲第十六章第四节前途的展望,写下了一个标题,但没有写出内容。“善始功半成”重在“善始”。现在的重点要移到“善终”’了,古人说靡不有始,鲜克有终。为了善     

TEACHING PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN

A 38-item questionnaire was sent to 440 instructors of psychology of women courses; 230 surveys were returned. This article examines characteristics of people who teach courses in psychology of women, characteristics of their institutions, characteristics of the course itself, and the instructors' reactions to the course. Among the findings are: (a) instructors in this course vary greatly in the number of years they have taught the course and in their area of graduate training; (b) few instructors had taken a formal course in psychology of women; (c) the course is usually a highly emotional one; and (d) almost all instructors enjoyed teaching the psychology of women course more than their other courses.     

论心理学基本理论问题的研究

心理学的基本理论问题,是心理学上老大难问题,一直没有得到好好解决。这些问题比较复杂,不容易解决,不容易碰,但不能回避,不能不去碰它们。我国心理学要大步跨上去,要赶超世界先进水平,要很好地为社会主义现代化建设服务,非尽可能研究解决这些问题不可。     

TEACHING THE PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN COURSES IN ANOTHER DISCIPLINE

A survey of course titles in African American Studies departments and programs was conducted to examine the course offerings on the psychology of women, the psychology of African American women, and other areas of psychology as well as courses on gender from other disciplines. A total of 82 programs or departments of African American Studies and 182 courses were listed. The course discipline was stated in the majority of courses, with psychology having the most courses. Only a small percentage of the psychology courses listed gender in addition to race in the title. Of those courses listed in psychology, the majority were in social, developmental, or clinical psychology. The disciplines of English, sociology, history, and political science had listings of courses with both gender and race titles. This small survey indicates that the psychology of women has not had much influence on the curriculum of African American Studies. Possible reasons for this are discussed, as are solutions to this problem.     

THE EFFECTS OF SEVERE BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN ON THE TEACHING BEHAVIOR OF ADULTS

Applied behavior analysts have focused on how adults can influence the problem behavior of children using a variety of behavior modification strategies. A related question, virtually unexplored, is how the behavior problems of children influence adults. This child-effects concept was explored empirically in a study involving 12 adults who were asked to teach four pairs of children in which one member of the pair exhibited problem behavior and the other typically did not. Results demonstrated that problem children displayed tantrums, aggression, and self-injury contingent on adult instructional attempts but not at other times, whereas nonproblem children showed little or no problem behavior at any time. Importantly, from a child-effects perspective, adults engaged in teaching activities with nonproblem children more often than with problem children. Also, when an adult worked with a problem child, the breadth of instruction was more limited and typically involved those tasks associated with lower rates of behavior problems. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to theories of escape behavior, current assessment practices, and intervention issues related to maintenance. The existence of child effects suggests that problem behavior may be better understood when it is conceptualized as involving a process of reciprocal influence between adult and child.     

心理学的方法学

“科学随着方法学上获得的成就而不斷跃进。方法学每前进一步,我們便彷彿上昇了一級阶梯,于是我們就展开更广闊的眼界,看見从未見过的事物。”     

女性心理学的进化与后现代女性心理学的产生

女性心理学的发展经历了女性经验主义、女性立场论和后现代女性心理学三个发展阶段。女性经验主义强调男女的共性,女性立场论强调女性经验的独特性,而后现代女性心理学认为尽管在女性经验主义和女性立场论之间存在着矛盾和对立,但是两者都认为存在着某种内在的东西决定着社会性别,因而是本质主义的观点,属于现代主义的范畴。后现代女性心理学认为,性别乃是一种文化的社会建构。     

从心理学的对象看心理学的科学性貭

心理学的科学性貭問題是一个决定心理学发展前途的重要問題。不确定心理学的科学性貭,就不能使它和邻近的科学明确分工,不能突出它在社会主义建設中所担負的任务,也不能肯定它在科学研究中所应該运用的方法,因而它的发展前途必然受到很大的限