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1.
The clinical ethics propounded by Richard Zaner is unique. Partly because of his phenomenological orientation and partly because of his own daily practice as a clinical ethicist in a large university hospital, Zaner focuses on the particular concrete situations in which patients and their families confront illness and injury and struggle toward workable ways for dealing with them. He locates ethical reality in the clinical encounter. This encounter encompasses not only patient and physician but also the patients family and friends and indeed the entire lifeworld in which the patient is still striving to live. In order to illuminate the central moral constituents of such human predicaments, Zaner discusses the often-overlooked features of disruption and crisis, the changed self, the patients dependence and the physicians power, the violation of personal boundaries and their necessary reconfiguring, and the art of listening. 相似文献
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Kalle Puolakka 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):29-41
This article considers the validity and strength of Richard Rorty’s pragmatist theory of interpretation in the light of two
ethical issues related to literature and interpretation. Rorty’s theory is rejected on two grounds. First, it is argued that
his unrestrained account of interpretation is incompatible with the distinctive moral concerns that have been seen to restrict
the scope and nature of valid approaches to artworks. The second part of the paper claims that there is no indispensable relationship
between supporting Rorty’s pragmatist theory of interpretation and the important place that is attached to literature in the
liberal society outlined by him. A reading of Donald Davidson’s texts on literary language and interpretation implies that
an intentionalist theory of interpretation can accommodate those features that Rorty values in literature as well.
相似文献
Kalle PuolakkaEmail: |
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Christopher Terndrup 《Journal of religion and health》2013,52(4):1073-1078
Despite many efforts to increase ethics education in US medical schools, barriers continue to arise that impede the production of morally driven physicians who practice medicine with ideal empathy. Research has shown that, particularly during the clinical years, medical students lose the ability both to recognize ethical dilemmas and to approach such situations with compassionate reasoning. This article summarizes the current status of ethics education in US medical schools, described through the eyes of and alongside the story of a graduating medical student. 相似文献
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Journal of Happiness Studies - 相似文献
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Guorong Yang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(1):102-113
Luo Congyan put forward the idea that benevolence is the substance while righteousness is its function, which placed the intrinsic
value of human beings on a more fundamental position and affirmed the unity of benevolent principle and universal norms from
the perspective of the relationship between substance and function. The unity of benevolence and righteousness involves the
connection between value and norms, and the latter relate to the relationship between morality and law in the broader sense.
On the basis of the idea of using both benevolence and righteousness, Luo Congyan examined the relationship between morality
and law. Corresponding to the emphasis on the role of both law and political power, Luo Congyan concerned himself with how
to establish rational interpersonal relationships in various ways. Furthermore, Luo Congyan emphasized the significance of
behavior in everyday life, while he affirmed that the universal principle should be followed. In this way, he developed the
earlier Confucian thought.
Translated from Studies in Ethics by Xiao Mo 相似文献
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Henk A. M. J. ten Have 《Science and engineering ethics》2010,16(1):7-15
UNESCO is an intergovernmental organization with 193 Member States. It is concerned with a broad range of issues regarding
education, science and culture. It is the only UN organisation with a mandate in science. Since 1993 it is addressing ethics
of science and technology, with special emphasis on bioethics. One major objective of the ethics programme is the development
of international normative standards. This is particularly important since many Member States only have a limited infrastructure
in bioethics, lacking expertise, educational programs, bioethics committees and legal frameworks. UNESCO has recently adopted
the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. The focus of current activities is now on implementation of this
Declaration. Three activities are discussed that aim at improving and reinforcing the ethics infrastructure in relation to
science and technology: the Global Ethics Observatory, the Ethics Education Programme and the Assisting Bioethics Committees
project. 相似文献
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Jeffrey Kovac 《Science and engineering ethics》2013,19(2):449-460
This article considers the ethical aspects of the question: should a scientist engage in war-related research, particularly use-inspired or applied research directed at the development of the means for the better waging of war? Because scientists are simultaneously professionals, citizens of a particular country, and human beings, they are subject to conflicting moral and practical demands. There are three major philosophical views concerning the morality of war that are relevant to this discussion: realism, just war theory and pacifism. In addition, the requirements of professional codes of ethics and common morality contribute to an ethical analysis of the involvement of scientists and engineers in war-related research and technology. Because modern total warfare, which is facilitated by the work of scientists and engineers, results in the inevitable killing of innocents, it follows that most, if not all, war-related research should be considered at least as morally suspect and probably as morally prohibited. 相似文献
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YAO Dazhi 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(3):455
Richard Rorty’s philosophy has two basic commitments: one to postmodernism and the other to liberalism. However, these commitments generate tension. As a postmodernist, he sharply criticizes the Enlightenment; as a liberal, he forcefully defends it. His postmodernist liberalism actually explains liberalism using irrationalism. 相似文献
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Laureano Luna 《逻辑史和逻辑哲学》2017,38(1):57-71
Poincaré in a 1909 lecture in Göttingen proposed a solution to the apparent incompatibility of two results as viewed from a definitionist perspective: on the one hand, Richard’s proof that the definitions of real numbers form a countable set and, on the other, Cantor’s proof that the real numbers make up an uncountable class. Poincaré argues that, Richard’s result notwithstanding, there is no enumeration of all definable real numbers. We apply previous research by Luna and Taylor on Richard’s paradox, indefinite extensibility and unrestricted quantification to evaluate Poincaré’s proposal. We emphasize that Poincaré’s solution involves an early recourse to indefinite extensibility and argue that his proposal, if it is to completely avoid Richard’s paradox, requires rejecting absolutely unrestricted quantification: Richard’s paradox provides a context in which paradox seems inescapable if unrestricted quantification is possible. In proposing his solution to the apparent conflict between Richard’s and Cantor’s results, Poincaré employs temporal expressions whose exact meaning he does not clarify. We suggest an interpretation of these expressions in terms of order of availability and briefly discuss its explanatory power in topics like paradoxes, limitation theorems and indefinite extensibility. 相似文献
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Nicholas Vrousalis 《The Journal of Ethics》2010,14(3-4):185-216
This essay is an attempt to piece together the elements of G. A. Cohen’s thought on the theory of socialism during his long intellectual voyage from Marxism to political philosophy. It begins from his theory of the maldistribution of freedom under capitalism, moves onto his critique of libertarian property rights, to his diagnosis of the “deep inegalitarian” structure of John Rawls’ theory and concludes with his rejection of the “cheap” fraternity promulgated by liberal egalitarianism. The paper’s exegetical contention is that Cohen’s work in political philosophy is best understood in the background of lifelong commitment to a form of democratic, non-market, socialism realizing the values of freedom, equality and community, as he conceived them. The first part of the essay is therefore an attempt to retrieve core socialism-related arguments by chronologically examining the development of Cohen’s views, using his books as thematic signposts. The second part brings these arguments together with an eye to reconstructing his vision of socialism. It turns out that Cohen’s political philosophy offers a rich conception of objective and subjective freedom, an original understanding of justice as satisfaction of genuine need, and a substantive ideal of fraternity as justificatory community with others. If properly united, these values can suggest a full-bloodied account of the just polity, and give us a glimpse into what it means, for Cohen, to treat people as equals. 相似文献
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R. Jo Kornegay 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2011,14(1):51-71
This essay explicates and evaluates the roles that fetal metaphysics and moral status play in Rosalind Hursthouse’s abortion
ethics. It is motivated by Hursthouse’s puzzling claim in her widely anthologized paper “Virtue Ethics and Abortion” that
fetal moral status and (by implication) its underlying metaphysics are “in a way, fundamentally irrelevant” to her position.
The essay clarifies the roles that fetal ontology and moral status do in fact play in her abortion ethics. To this end, it
presents and then develops her fetal metaphysics of the potential and actual human being, which she merely adumbrates in her
more extensive treatment of abortion ethics in her book Beginning Lives. The essay then evaluates her fetal ontology in light
of relevant research on fetal neural and psychological development. It concludes that her implied view that the late-stage
fetus is an actual human being is defensible. The essay then turns to the analysis of late-stage abortions in her paper and
argues that it is importantly incomplete. 相似文献
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Calabrese EJ 《Science and engineering ethics》2007,13(2):139-145
In a recent paper in Science and Engineering Ethics (SEE) Elliott proposed an ethics of expertise, providing its theoretical foundation along with its application in a case
study devoted to the topic of hormesis. The application is based on a commentary in the journal Nature, and it includes assertions of ethical breaches. Elliott concludes that the authors of the commentary failed to promote the
informed consent of decision makers by not providing representative information about alternative frequency estimates of hormesis
in the literature, thereby hindering the capacity of the scientific community to promote informed consent relating to chemical
regulation. This paper argues that Elliott should have incorporated due process into his system of evaluation. His argument
is also seriously deficient technically, in that it misinterprets the toxicological issues, misrepresents the scientific literature
with respect to the frequency of hormesis, and incorrectly assesses the extent to which the Nature paper revealed opposing/alternative views on hormesis. Given the seriousness of assertions of noncompliance to ethical norms,
there must be procedures to protect those whose ethics were called into question, to fairly evaluate the technical justification
for an assertion, and to enable corrections in the event of errors. If a journal is willing to publish assertions that individuals
acted in an ethically questionable way, it should be guided by a documented code of ethics and meet a standard of responsibility
far greater than normal peer-review processes for papers that do not entail such ethical judgments. 相似文献
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Pedro L. Sotolongo 《Axiomathes》2012,22(2):207-221
After a ??very personal?? introduction, and a reference to how accurate indeed is the use of the ??new window?? metaphor by Ulanowicz and about what ??can be seen through it??, the article dwells into the evolution of our understanding about the most general sources??material and/or non-material??of change and transformation; in order to examine further the item about the ways through which ??information?? can be a source of change and transformation also in pre-biotic processes, where commonly it is not taken into account. Thus, the article argues the convergence between Ulanowicz??s and the Author??s treatments of??non only biotic??networks of configuration of processes (a central theme in Ulanowicz??s book). Finally, the article pays attention to how Ulanowicz??s vision through his ??new Third Window??, can indeed help us transcend the non desirable division of contemporary culture into two isolated compartments (science and technology versus the humanities and ethics), which has contributed not only to the globalization of communications, transactions, knowledge and so on, but also to the globalization of multiple crisis of different sort that need to be solved if we want ??a better world to be possible??. 相似文献
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《South African Journal of Philosophy》2013,32(2):65-74
AbstractHabermas asserts that his discourse ethics rests on two main commitments:
Moral judgements have cognitive content analogous to truth value; and
moral justification requires real-life discourse. Habermas elaborates on the second claim by making actual consensus a necessary condition of normative validity. I argue that Habermas’s two commitments sit uneasily together. The second entails that his cognitivism is revisionist in the sense that it must reject the law of the excluded middle. Moreover, Habermas’s argument in defence of the need for real-life discourse is unconvincing and his derivation of the principle which requires consensus is fallacious.