INTIMACY RATINGS IN FIVE COUNTRIES

Estimation de l'intimité psycbologuque dans cinq pays. — On fait passer à des étudiants américains, anglais, hollandais, suédois et pakistanais, un questionnaire qui a été conçu pour mesurer l'impression d'intimité que donnent diverses dispositions spatiales. On retrouve la même ordination dans tous les échantillons : être assis côte-à-côte donne la plus forte impression d'intimité; viennent ensuite, dans l'ordre, voisiner de chaque côté d'un coin, être face-à-face, être à distance ou en diagonale. Les estimations faites par les Américains, les Suédois et les Anglais sont très semblables; mais les Hollandais jugent la position en coin moins intime que ne le font les autres sujets; de même, les Pakistanais, pour le face-à-face. l'A. suggère une utilisation éventuelle des dispositions spatiales comme methode non-verbale de mesure de Pintimité psychologique dans une culture.     

CREATIVE MUTUAL INTERACTION IN ACTION

In this article, I describe a multidisciplinary project at the interface of philosophy, science, and theology. The project is the product of an ongoing collaboration between the author and Christopher Southgate, to whom this special issue of Zygon is dedicated. At the philosophical core of the project is a development of C. S. Peirce's semiotics (theory of signs). The scientific branch of the project involves the application of semiotic theory to the problem of the origin of life, and to questions about human evolution and human distinctiveness. The theological branch of the project involves the articulation of a semiotic approach to the Christian concepts of Incarnation and Trinity, and to the ideas of vestiges of the Trinity in creation and of participation in God's life. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the project in terms of Robert John Russell's model of ‘creative mutual interaction’ between science and theology.     

INTRA-PAIR SIMILARITIES IN THE SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENTS OF TWINS

The present investigation is part of a follow-up study of twins from grade 4 through 8 (age 11 through 15). Intra-pair similarities are studied, intra-class correlations being used as a criterion of similarity. Scores on achievement tests administered to practically all the twins in grade 4 in Sweden were collected and analyzed. The intra-class correlations obtained for an age group of twins in grade 6 are throughout higher than those obtained in grade 4. The findings refute the additive model of hereditary and environmental influences. Two alternative hypotheses are advanced to explain the results. Previous findings indicating an average superiority of single-borns over twins in cognitive tests are confirmed.     

ABILITIES OF TWINS

The investigation concerns two main problems: (1) the distribution of ability test scores among twins in comparison with single-borns; and (2) intra-pair similarity among the various twin categories. More than 1000 individual twins were compared with 2700 single-borns on 21 test variables covering Swedish, Mathematics and English. The twin group consistently showed a lower average than the single-borns due to a displacement of the test score distribution as a whole among twins. The intra-pair similarities, expressed as intra-class correlations, run between 0.85 and 0.90 for identical pairs, whereas like-sex fraternals showed coefficients about 0.60. The unlike-sex fraternals had coefficients ten to twenty hundredths lower than those of the like-sex pairs.     

ON THE THERAPIST'S YEARNING FOR INTIMACY

From the beginning of clinical psychoanalysis, analysts have been at risk of succumbing to yearnings for intimacy and contact that are stirred up by the heat of the analytic encounter. Recently, as theoretical developments have encouraged us to create moments of meeting (Stern et al. 1998) and have urged us to tolerate the feelings stimulated by enactments, these risks have increased. The author points out that foregoing the realization of this yearning within the analytic relationship and the resultant mourning for the loss of a fantasy or illusion carries a heavy personal price tag for the therapist.     

WOMEN, MEN, AND INTIMACY MOTIVATION

Using a projective method with college students, this study assessed sex differences in the motivation to share personal concerns in a friendship context. As expected, women were found to be significantly more likely than men to imagine that they would confide worries to a friend (Intimacy Imagery). Women's Intimacy Imagery stories included positive outcomes significantly more often than did men's Intimacy Imagery stories, and the theme of self-enhancement as a consequence of confiding occurred in one-quarter of the women's Intimacy Imagery stories and in none of the men's. For men, Intimacy Imagery was associated with high social confidence and a strong preference for confiding in women. For women, stories suggesting avoidance of confiding or anxiety around confiding were associated with low social confidence.     

RAVEN'S PROGRESSIVE MATRICES IN TWELVE PAIRS OF UNIOVULAR TWINS BROUGHT UP APART

Twelve Danish pairs of uniovular twins brought up apart were studied individually using the 1938 version of Raven's Progressive Matrices. Significant within-pair correlations were found for raw scores and solving time pointing to a considerable influence of hereditary factors on such test performances.     

THE MISSING FATHER FUNCTION IN PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY AND TECHNIQUE: THE ANALYST'S INTERNAL COUPLE AND MATURING INTIMACY

This paper argues that recovering the “missing” paternal function in analytic space is essential for the patient's achievement of mature object relations. Emerging from the helpless infant's contact with primary caregivers, mature intimacy rests on establishing healthy triadic functioning based on an infant‐with‐mother‐and‐father. Despite a maternocentric bias in contemporary clinical theory, the emergence of triangularity and the inclusion of the paternal third as a separating element is vital in the analytic dyad. Effective technique requires the analyst's balanced interplay between the paternal, investigative and the maternal, maximally receptive modes of functioning—the good enough analytic couple within the analyst—to serve as the separating element that procreatively fertilizes the capacity for intimacy with a differentiated other. A clinical example illustrates how treatment is limited when the paternal function is minimized within more collusive, unconsciously symbiotic dyads.     

THE POLITICS OF INTIMACY: (RE)THINKING 1984

The year 1984 is deeply ingrained in the collective Sikh memory. The attack on the Sri Harmandir Sahib and the subsequent pogrom in Delhi fundamentally challenged the manner in which the Sikh population in India and the diaspora engaged with the state. Indeed, these two events represented the culmination of a first phase of a war that began in the 1970s and continued well into the 1990s with the clearest effect on the Sikhs in Punjab. Nevertheless, 1984 continues to evoke a series of questions that are addressed in this paper. It examines how lives become precarious and grievable as well as how societies descend into barbarism. Finally, it seeks to understand how we memorialise grievable lives.     

THE MUTUAL ENRICHMENT OF BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE

Abstract— Dealing with the problems of substance abuse requires both an appreciation of clinical reality and an understanding of basic psychosocial principles. Each of the conference presentations of theory and research most of them nonapplied in nature, created a welcome and rare occasion for experimental and clinical psychologists (and hybrids) to reflect together on the applied implications of some basic research and on the research implications of some applied professional activities. Among the issues found especially noteworthy by this discussant. Here the following the return of cognition and rational decision making as legitimate and critical foci in behavior therapy, the role of exposure to aversive events in reducing their fearsomeness, the advantages of not working doggedly to achieve goals that are better approached with a nonachievement attitude the possibility that the difficulty in altering pathological behavior derives from the properties of human language, appreciation of individual differences in psychotherapy outcome research, the importance of considering the meaning that therapeutic ministrations can have for certain patients, and the need to reexamine the utility of patients expressing their concerns.     

SOME PERSONALITY TESTS APPLIED ON IDENTICAL TWINS

(1) The study concerns Rorschach, Children Apperception Test, Bender Gestalt Test and Draw-a-Man. Data have been obtained on a number of personality variables from 12 pairs of identical twins at the ages of 9;6–10;6. (2) For the Ro 17 out of 21 and for the CAT 15 out of 23 intraclass coefficients are positive. The coefficients for the Gestalt test and Draw-a-Man are high and positive. It is argued that intraclass coefficients must be considered as underestimating both the true reliability of the ratings and the correlation between true scores for identical twins. (3) The intertest correlations give support to the construct validity of the ratings on the variables studied. Especially favourable are the intercorrelations for 'General adjustment'.     

EFFECTS OF AN ORAL HYGIENE PUNISHMENT PROCEDURE ON CHRONIC RUMINATION AND COLLATERAL BEHAVIORS IN MONOZYGOUS TWINS

This study investigated the suppressive effects of an oral hygiene punishment procedure on the ruminative behavior of profoundly retarded monozygous twins. Rumination, fingers in mouth/tongue out, appropriate behavior, and stereotyped behavior were measured before and during treatment with oral hygiene. Treatment was introduced for each meal in succession across the twins in a multiple-baseline design. Results showed that the rate of rumination of both twins was dramatically reduced to very low levels and stereotyped behavior increased spontaneously with the introduction of oral hygiene. Maintenance data showed that response reduction was maintained over a six-month period and, when compared to baseline levels, increased rates of socially appropriate behavior were evident in both children.