共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Tom Pyszczynski Jeff Greenberg Sheldon Solomon James Hamilton 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(3):177-195
Abstract In this article, we apply terror management theory to the operation of self-awareness processes. According to the theory, self-esteem consists of accepting a cultural conception of reality and believing that one is living up to the standards of value inherent in that conception. The function of self-esteem is to buffer the anxiety that results from the awareness of human vulnerability and mortality that results from our capacity for self-awareness. We argue that self-awareness leads to comparisons with standards, and to behavior aimed at reducing any discrepancies that are detected, because of the potential for existential terror that self-awareness creates. Existential terror is seen as the emotional manifestation of the instinct for self-preservation. Management of this terror is conceptualized as the superordinate goal in a hierarchy of standards through which behavior is regulated. A hierarchical terror management model is proposed. This structure provides a unique analysis of the self-system and its relationship to other attitudes, values, and beliefs. The theory posits several dynamic principles that specify how self-awareness and disruptions determine the movement of conscious attention through various levels of the hierarchy. The implications of this analysis for unresolved theoretical questions about self-awareness processes, unconscius sources of motivation, and clinical problems are discussed. 相似文献
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Maurice Kriegel 《Jewish History》2012,26(1-2):17-40
Historians of the last generation have shown that millenarian circles played a critical role in transforming attitudes towards Jews and Judaism in early modern Europe. Furthermore, the Joachimist leanings that opened the way in early modern times for a rapprochement between Christians and Jews, they found, were already there in the Middle Ages. My aim here is to consider the case of Arnold of Villanova, a?lay supporter of the radical Franciscans. A?major stimulus for Arnold’s eschatological ideas was his wrestling with messianic notions widespread among Jews, especially kabbalists. However, at this early stage, messianic or millenarian expectations were associated, among both Jews and Christians, with a confrontational stance. 相似文献
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Three studies examined the hypothesis that mortality salience (MS) will increase prosocial behaviors when the prosocial cause promotes terror management processes. However, when the prosocial cause interferes with these processes, MS will reduce prosocial behavior. In Study 1, following a MS procedure, participants indicated their willingness to donate money to charity or to donate to an organ donation organization. In Study 2, a research assistant randomly distributed fliers with reminders of death or back pain, and another research assistant solicited participants' assistance from either a charitable fund booth or an organ donation booth. Study 3 examined the impact of MS on helping a wheelchair-bound confederate or a walking confederate. The results indicated that MS increased charitable donations and increased help to a walking confederate. However, MS significantly decreased organ donation card signings and decreased help to a wheelchair-bound confederate. The discussion examines the tension between personal fear and worldview validation. 相似文献
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Humans have a tendency to endorse teleological beliefs about the world. According to terror management theory, teleological
or purposeful beliefs about the world help people cope with the awareness of mortality. Though research is generally consistent
with this assertion, it has not been directly tested. Three studies tested and supported the notion that teleological beliefs
about the world serve a terror management function. In “Study 1”, experimentally elevated teleological beliefs reduced death-thought accessibility. In “Studies 2 and 3”, mortality salience increased teleological beliefs, even if this resulted in judgment errors. Alternative explanations were
tested and did not account for the findings. 相似文献
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The United States intelligence community has been under intense scrutiny from both inside and outside in the aftermath of September 11. Post mortem assessments of intelligence breakdowns may judge the events as more predictable than was in fact the actual reality. In a troubled world, when threats to national security can materialize very quickly, the intelligence community must be able to effectively and swiftly develop and implement plans to prevent further terrorist attacks on the homeland. Numerous scenarios need to be considered for the management of crisis situations. Intelligence actions must make it more difficult for terrorists to strike at their targets. The war on terror must confront a new generation of enemies who threaten to attack the United States with weapons of mass destruction. This essay will focus on the role of behavioral science and how related reforms within the intelligence community could improve its capability to respond to a huge challenge. 相似文献
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Clay Routledge Jamie Arndt Tim Wildschut 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(1):132-140
According to terror management theory, people turn to meaning-providing structures to cope with the knowledge of inevitable mortality. Recent theory and research suggest that nostalgia is a meaning-providing resource and thus may serve such an existential function. The current research tests and supports this idea. In Experiments 1 and 2, nostalgia proneness was measured and mortality salience manipulated. In Experiment 1, when mortality was salient, the more prone to nostalgia participants were, the more they perceived life to be meaningful. In Experiment 2, when mortality was salient, the more prone to nostalgia participants were, the less death thoughts were accessible. In Experiment 3, nostalgia and mortality salience were manipulated. It was found that nostalgia buffered the effects of mortality salience on death-thought accessibility. 相似文献
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Moreno JD 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2002,2(1):60-64
Bioethics as a field has been fortunate that its values and concerns have mirrored the values and concerns of society. In light of the September 11th attacks, it is possible that we are witnessing the beginning of a transition in American culture, one fraught with implications for bioethics. The emphasis on autonomy and individual rights may come to be tempered by greater concern over the collective good. Increased emphasis on solidarity over autonomy could greatly alter public response to research abuses aimed at defense from bioterrorism, to privacy of genetic information, and to control of private medical resources to protect the public health. 相似文献
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Landau MJ Goldenberg JL Greenberg J Gillath O Solomon S Cox C Martens A Pyszczynski T 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2006,90(1):129-146
Why do sexually appealing women often attract derogation and aggression? According to terror management theory, women's sexual allure threatens to increase men's awareness of their corporeality and thus mortality. Accordingly, in Study 1 a subliminal mortality prime decreased men's but not women's attractiveness ratings of alluring women. In Study 2, mortality salience (MS) led men to downplay their sexual intent toward a sexy woman. In Study 3, MS decreased men's interest in a seductive but not a wholesome woman. In Study 4, MS decreased men's but not women's attraction to a sexy opposite-sex target. In Study 5, MS and a corporeal lust prime increased men's tolerance of aggression toward women. Discussion focuses on mortality concerns and male sexual ambivalence. 相似文献
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James Lewis 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2003,16(2):34-41
This article discusses the limited utility of the concepts of “cyber terrorism” or “electronic Pearl Harbor.” It contrasts
the absence of cyber terror incidents with the large number of terrorist attacks and computer security incidents in recent
years. It suggests that this discrepancy is explained both by the low appeal of cyber weapons to terrorists and because critical
infrastructures and nations are not vulnerable to computer attacks. The article calls for a more rigorous approach to data
collection for cyber security incidents, and suggests cyber security should not be seen primarily as a national security issue.
Before joining CSIS, he served in the U.S. Foreign Service and worked on security, intelligence, and technology issues. Lewis’s
current research covers cyber security, spectrum management, authentication, and technology’s role in national security. He
received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1984. 相似文献
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International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - 相似文献
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Landau MJ Johns M Greenberg J Pyszczynski T Martens A Goldenberg JL Solomon S 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2004,87(2):190-210
Drawing on lay epistemology theory, the authors assessed a terror management analysis of the psychological function of structuring social information. Seven studies tested variations of the hypothesis that simple, benign interpretations of social information function, in part, to manage death-related anxiety. In Studies 1-4, mortality salience (MS) exaggerated primacy effects and reliance on representative information, decreased preference for a behaviorally inconsistent target among those high in personal need for structure (PNS), and increased high-PNS participants' preference for interpersonal balance. In Studies 5-7, MS increased high-PNS participants' preference for interpretations that suggest a just world and a benevolent causal order of events in the social world. 相似文献
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Kelly Oliver 《Continental Philosophy Review》2009,42(1):63-80
In this essay, I argue that the contemporary notion of law has been reduced to regulations and disciplinary codes that do
not and cannot give meaning to our emotional lives and moral sensibilities. As a result, we have increasing numbers of what
I call “abysmal individuals” who suffer from a split between law—broadly conceived as that which gives form and structure
to social life—and personal embodied sensations of pain and pleasure. My attempt to understand the place of Abu Ghraib within
American culture leads to an analysis of our valorization of innocence and ignorance that not only becomes the grounds on
which we morally (if not legally) excuse abusive behavior as “fun,” but also becomes part of the justification for condoning
some forms of violence while condemning others. In addition, I argue that the distinction between legitimate and illegitimate
violence trades on underlying assumptions about the relationship between culture and nature, technology and bodies, wherein
bodies are imagined as natural and outside of the realm of law.
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Kelly OliverEmail: |