A rational analysis of rule-based concept learning

This article proposes a new model of human concept learning that provides a rational analysis of learning feature-based concepts. This model is built upon Bayesian inference for a grammatically structured hypothesis space—a concept language of logical rules. This article compares the model predictions to human generalization judgments in several well-known category learning experiments, and finds good agreement for both average and individual participant generalizations. This article further investigates judgments for a broad set of 7-feature concepts—a more natural setting in several ways—and again finds that the model explains human performance.     

The Method of Levels of Abstraction in Pluralism and Governance of Dialogical Interaction

This paper deploys elements of the philosophy of information (PoI) in order to explore ideas of dialogical governance. Dialogue in the governance of contentious issues is at least partly a response to the recognition of pluralism among perspectives on various issues. This recognition is prevalent in the context of European governance. However, it is a first step to a better understanding of diverging opinion, rather than an end point. This paper argues that the PoI offers a fruitful path to follow up this first step. Specifically, PoI provides epistemological tools that can be used to clarify the meanings of terms and relevance of perspectives at issue in dialogical scenarios. Importantly, this approach revises the enlightenment view of the individual, offering a more nuanced and ultimately more accurate view of the self as internally complex. This represents a step beyond the status quo wherein these things are taken as unproblematic. This paper argues that PoI’s resources ought to feature as a methodological background to a reinvigorated dialogical governance paradigm. This method and these resources can inform an improved view of dialogical governance in Europe and, in their generality, beyond.     

Introducing an existential-phenomenological approach Part 2—theory for practice

Part one of this paper concentrated on phenomenological theory and research. This second section seeks to describe how existential-phenomenological therapy developed, and how the concepts apply in sessions. This direction for therapy could be called making conscious the preconscious, in the production of new information by reinterpreting the same scenes and experiences. This approach is compared to the psychoanalytic style of working. The existential-phenomenological approaches of Binswanger, Boss and Sartre, three key existential writers, are briefly mentioned, each of which evolved from the work of Husserl, Heidegger and Freud. But much detail is omitted in the aim of providng a succinct overview. This paper shows part of the sources of counselling and humanistic psychotherapy in the existential critique of psychoanalysis.     

大学生自我同一性、时间管理倾向和网络成瘾的相关关系研究

目的探讨大学生自我同一性、时间管理倾向与网络成瘾之间的相关,分析前两者是否能够显著地影响和预测后者。方法采用《中文网络成瘾量表》、《自我同一性地位量表》、《大学生时间管理倾向》对当前在校大学生自我同一性发展、时间管理倾向、网络成瘾状况进行调查研究。结果自我同一性三个维度与网络成瘾均成显著负相关(p<0.01);时间管理倾向各维度得分及总分与网络成瘾呈显著的负相关(p<0.01);自我同一性中的三个维度和时间管理倾向三个维度及总分均有非常显著的正相关(p<0.01)。通过分层回归分析发现,自我同一性对网络成瘾的影响是受时间管理倾向的中介作用。结论自我同一性与时间管理倾向对网络成瘾有一定的预测力,而且自我同一性会通过时间管理间接影响网络成瘾。     

Psychological Aspects of Biblical Apocalypticism

Pastoral Psychology - This essay develops and illustrates the role of psychological process in the development of the Master Stories of Judaism and Christianity. This formative process is shaped by...     

Role of the market maven in retailing: A general marketplace influencer

This article deals with the market maven. This maven is a general marketplace influencer which may be a significant constraint in the retail setting. This South African study highlights the importance of word-of-mouth communication in business. The South African market was chosen because of its cultural diversity and its unique set of European and African influences. This paper reviews the literature concerned with general marketplace influencers. It then reports the results of a study of 621 respondents. The results show that mavens appear to be good targets for general messages about marketing mix changes, messages spanning multiple product categories and messages concerning new product introductions. These results indicate that mavens appear to be good targets for retailers, provided they can be targeted effectively.     

Cocaine—review of current literature and interface with the law

Cocaine use in the United States has currently reached epidemic proportions. This has resulted in syndromes of intoxication, overdose, and withdrawal, meeting all DMS-III criteria for a substance that can cause dependence as well as abuse syndromes. This paper reviews the current epidemiology of cocaine, its history and pharmacology with major focus on clinical syndromes. This is followed by a review of the current knowledge of the relationship between cocaine and violence and the forensic-psychiatric issues surrounding cocaine.     

Ethos and Eidos as Field Level Concepts for the Sociology of Morality and the Anthropology of Ethics: Towards a Social Theory of Applied Ethics

Human Studies - This article presents the notions of ethos and eidos as field level concepts for the sociology of morality and the anthropology of ethics. This is accomplished in the context of...     

The Relationship Between International Students’ Health Perceptions and Their Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors

Journal of Religion and Health - This study was carried out to examine the relationship between international students’ health perceptions and their healthy lifestyle behaviors. This...     

职业性别刻板印象研究模型及方法综述

近年来对职业性别刻板印象的探讨成了刻板印象研究领域的新研究方向,职业性别刻板印象成为社会认知领域的新课题。职业性别刻板印象与我们的生活休戚相关,是指人们对职业进行性别划分和性别归类的趋向。目前国内此方面的研究相当有限,采用的实验和调查研究也停留在起步阶段。本文对职业性别刻扳印象研究的模型及方法进行综述。     

Can a Robot Be a Good Colleague?

Science and Engineering Ethics - This paper discusses the robotization of the workplace, and particularly the question of whether robots can be good colleagues. This might appear to be a strange...     

The Relationship Between Turkish Nursing Students' Perceptions of Spiritual Care and their Attitudes Towards Death

Journal of Religion and Health - This study aimed to examine the relationship between nursing students' perception of spiritual care and their attitudes towards death. This cross-sectional...     

Solidarity in Academia and its Relationship to Academic Integrity

Journal of Academic Ethics - This paper provides the theoretical analysis of forms of solidarity in academia and its relationship to academic integrity. This analysis is inspired by the Guidelines...     

Basic principles of MRI and morphometry studies of human brain development

Magnetic resonance imaging has undergone dramatic development in the past years. This has been paralleled by developments in the tools for extracting quantitative information from these images in support of capturing the anatomic features of brain development in living humans. This has revolutionized our expectations for current and future diagnostic and investigative work with the developing brain. This paper will cover the classes of information that are readily available in the MR image, the mechanisms for extracting quantitative results, and a sample of the application of these types of methods to developmental issues. These applications highlight tissue‐ and anatomic‐based contrasts in the nature and rate of developmental maturation within the brain. This will be followed by a discussion of the emergent themes of developmental science as elucidated by these classes of observation.     

Homo moralis strikes back

Restorative justice presents a morally relevant method for alternative conflict resolution. However, this potential is not always applied fully. Instead, the practice may be used in ways foreign to it. This claim comes to the fore in the practice of restorative justice in domestic violence cases. Despite the persistent feminist critique of it the practice is widely offered. This suggests that the practice can cater to needs not originally depicted in the rationale of it. This paper works out of a wittgensteinian approach and argues that there is a confusing language use going on around mediation. The argument is based on an analysis of public talk of mediation in Finland which shows that it is predominantly conducted in the light of homo economicus. This is problematic. The paper suggests that instead of referring to mediation in terms of homo economicus, the value of it should be counted in terms of homo moralis. This is what restorative justice originally intended to do. The paper establishes a new perspective on the critique of restorative justice in general and offers a fruitful way forward.     

Saving the world by teaching behavior analysis: a behavioral systems approach

This article presents a behavioral systems approach to organizational design and applies that approach to the teaching of behavior analysis. This systems approach consists of three components: goal-directed systems design, behavioral systems engineering, and performance management. This systems approach is applied to the Education Board and Teaching Behavior Analysis Special Interest Group of the Association for Behavior Analysis, with a conclusion that we need to emphasize the recruitment of students and the placement and maintenance of alumni. This systems approach is also applied at the scale of the individual faculty member running a university-based training system and is seen to generate special approaches to textbook preparation, undergraduate research, colloquium and conference attendance, career counseling, preparation for graduate examinations, graduate training and graduate seminars, and classroom alternatives to the traditional lecture.     

Determination of Factors Affecting Self-Transcendence and Meaning in Life Among the Elderly Receiving Institutional Care

Journal of Religion and Health - This study was conducted in order to determine factors that influence self-transcendence and meaning in life in the elderly receiving institutional care. This...     

The contradictions of islandness: The small island of St Helena and the emotions of transnationalism

This paper investigates the emotions of transnationalism, when coming from the small, remote British Overseas Territory of St Helena. This paper captures how St Helenian islanders migrate for new opportunities and to escape island monotony. Even though dispersed, the St Helenian islanders retain a strong sense of attachment and belonging to their island, often establishing emotional and material ties in two hemispheres. This paper thus captures the emotions of feeling torn and the contradictory emotions of islandness. This research draws from 68 in-depth interviews with St Helenian islanders between 2006 and 2008, following the return of British citizenship in 2002, but before the island had a functioning airport in 2017. This research captured the emotions of transnationalism when travel was expensive, complex and arduous, due to a fickle British national identity as well as the island's dependence on one single ship. At the point of publishing this research however, the UK was negotiating deals for Brexit and international air travel was limited due to the global Covid-19 pandemic. Mobility for this transnational small island community, thus remains uncertain and complicated, due to their post-colonial national identity and geographical isolation.     

Discipleship Training Of Children and Youth

Today, we all face an infinite number of faith choices, especially youth. This makes confirmation ministry as discipleship training most important in our churches. This article explores the confirmation ministry of Lord of Life Lutheran Church in Depew, NY, and critically analyzes the methodology—4 turnings, 6 disciplines, and 19 assets—behind the ministry. This methodology has been developed from researchers such as Jean Piaget, James Fowler, Duffy Robins, and researchers at the Search Institute.     

Token Causal Powers

This paper proposes that the relation between property instances and token causal powers is akin to the relation between primary substances and property instances on the Aristotelian account of property instantiation. This view permits an individual to have two tokens of the same type of causal power. Paul Audi has argued that this cannot be: two tokens of the same power type are discernible, he claims, only if they are borne by discernible individuals (Audi 2012, 666). In the context of this criticism, he proposes that power tokens are individuated in part by the individuals bearing them. This paper responds to Audi’s criticism and argues against his preferred view. This paper thus establishes a theory of token causal powers where previously the literature contained only a presumed view and Audi’s objections.