特殊儿童心理弹性的研究：现状及启示

心理弹性研究是心理学研究的热点领域,特殊儿童的心理弹性又是其中的重要部分。本文对学习障碍儿童、身体功能障碍、情绪或行为问题儿童等特殊儿童心理弹性的研究进行梳理．厘清其研究框架及问题范畴,寻找和明确促进儿童弹性发展的保护性因素及危险因素,并据此从家庭教育、学校教育、社会支持等方面入手,提出了促进特殊儿童的弹性发展之策略,以期为特殊儿童的教育实践提供一些有益的探索。     

近二十年来的中国发展心理学

本文是对近二十年来中国大陆发展心理学的一个总结。文章分三个部分。第一部分是这个时期中国发展心理学总的情况的说明,第二部分是发展心理学研究中下列各个领域的介绍：认知发展研究．语言发展研究．社会性发展研究,超常儿童研究,独生子女研究,心理发展的跨文化研究,老年心理研究。在第三部分中作者提出他对中国发展心理学的一些看法。     

儿童认知发展研究的前沿与动向

近一二十年,得益于认知发展理论的进步和研究方法的新发展,儿童认知发展研究取得了长足的进步。这体现在婴儿研究方兴未艾,一些新课题的出现使一些传统的研究领域重新恢复了活力。同时．发展认知神经科学和认知行为遗传学这两个边沿交叉学科研究蓬勃发展,应用认知发展心理学研究迅速发展,对认知发展心理学研究均产生了巨大的影响。     

我国儿童发展心理学研究新近的进展

本文综述了我国儿童发展心理学自1982年以来在五个方面的进展:认知发展研究;社会性发展研究;跨文化研究;特殊儿童研究;方法论问题。作者指出,我国的儿童发展心理学在近几年在上述几个方面均取得了很大的发展,其中认知发展领域的研究占主导地位,而社会性发展领域的研究发展最快。对于目前研究中存在的问题,进行了讨论。     

儿童社会化的理论探讨

心理学中的社会化是指一生物有机体向社会有机体的转化过程,儿童社会化过程就启始于出生。关于儿童社会化的探讨是发展心理学的中心课题,无疑也是心理学的基本理论问题之一。近年西方对儿童社会化的实验研究和理论探讨再度盛行起来,下面做个简单介绍。纵观许多关于儿童社会化的心理学研究,很容易发现,是各种总体的理论模型在支配着研究者的思想。每一种模型都首先给出儿童与他人接触时发生作用的特殊假设和发展途径。便径直去探讨社会化的最终产物及其心理机制过程过程。有这样三种模型的影响较大:     

国外儿童科学思维发展的新探索

儿童科学思维是发展心理学研究领域的重要的研究课题。最近十年,儿童科学思维发展的研究经历了显著的变化。文章对儿童科学思维发展的研究进行简要回顾,主要阐述有关儿童科学思维发展的特殊领域知识、一般领域策略、概念和策略的整合模型以及微观发生法,并在此基础上,对儿童科学思维发展研究进行简单的评价和展望。     

论儿童心理学与教育心理学研究的新趋势——生态学运动

多年来我一直主张要坚持在教育实践中研究儿童心理学与教育心理学,这不仅是理论联系实际的需要,而且也是儿童心理学与教育心理学研究的新趋势.坚持在教育实践中研究儿童心理学与教育心理学是国际儿童心理学与教育心理学研究的一个新趋势.现代儿童心理学与教育心理学的研究,是以科学方法的发展为基础的.     

《教育心理学》教科书应该论及特殊儿童的教育问题

我国以往自编的教育心理学教科书,有关特殊儿童心理与教育的论述或者空缺或者很略。原因大概是:一则是我们缺乏研究;二则是因为不够重视;三则是由于观念陈旧。大家都知道,西方和日本乃至港、台出版的同类教科书,都辟有专章对这一部分儿童的教育问题进行论述,且占的篇幅都不小。更何况这些国家和地区已经出版了为数众多的有关特殊儿童教育的专著。那为什么他们在一部普通的教育心理学教科书中还要论及特殊儿童的问题呢?     

试论我国儿童心理学前进的道路

儿童心理学是心理学的一个分支,它是研究儿童与青少年心理发展的基本理论和发展过程或阶段中的各种心理特点及其规律的科学。研究儿童心理学对哲学认识论的研究具有重大意义。列宁曾指出:儿童智力发展史是“构成认识论和辩证法的知识领域"之一。而更重要的是:儿童心理学能为教育工作、儿童医疗卫生、儿童文艺、广播电视等社会实践领域提供儿童心理发展方面的基础科学知识。儿童心理学的重要性,就决定了我们探讨我国儿童心理学前进道路的必要性。     

英国心理学

十九世纪初期英国心理学主要是哲学的一个分支,但是到了十九世纪后期英国经验心理哲学的传统同达尔文生物学一起导致了偏于经验、基于生物学的这样一种心理学的发展。第一次世界大战后,由于建立了工业心理学研究所,儿童指导诊所,精神病诊所,应用心理学有了很大的发展。第二次世界大战使得心理学家们更多地参加到军事方面和民用方面的研究工作中来。战后建立了好几个研究单位,一些专业心理学(如医学心理学、教育心理学、儿童指导心理学)也就组织了起来,与此同时英国心理学从迅速发展的美国心理学那儿所受的影响也有了增加。     

心理学质性研究：历史、现状和展望

心理学质性研究具有漫长的过去,却只有短暂的历史。心理学自诞生起就具有质性研究传统,但被主流所忽视。从组织机构、出版渠道和研究成果方面看,当前国内外心理学质性研究的发展态势暗示质性研究传统正在回归到主流当中。尽管仍存在误解和急功近利等众多问题和困难需要克服,但是心理学质性研究方法在研究复杂心理现象和产生新的概念、新的理论方面展现了潜力。心理学质性研究的复兴正使心理学处于一个多元化转向的阶段。     

大学生网络游戏成瘾及其质化研究

大学生网络游戏成瘾是一种可能对大学生身心健康造成严重影响的成瘾现象。以往的心理学研究大都采用量化研究,在理论层面对成瘾的生理机制、致瘾动机及人格特征等进行实证研究,一般难以直接指导实践者的具体实践。新近心理学中兴起的质化研究为解决这一问题提供了新的研究方式。文章分别介绍了大学生网络游戏成瘾的现状、困境及质化研究的概念、特征,并于文后提供了一个相对完整的治疗网络游戏成瘾的质化研究案例。     

创造力的心理学研究进展与研究取向

人类对创造力的认识进程,离不开哲学、生理学、脑科学和心理学等学科所作的研究贡献．但在对创造力的众多学科研究中,没有比心理学所作的研究贡献更大的了。本文着力从生理心理学、心理测量学、认知心理学和社会心理学等心理学分支学科的角度,分别阐述了创造力的心理学研究进展。本文认为．对创造力的心理学研究要有更理性的研究取向．那就是．应进一步加强和促进创造力的纵向研究和应用研究,应大力提倡创造力的多学科、多视野协同研究。     

Psychologists' role in family-centered approach to practice, training, and research with young children

Family-centered, community-based, coordinated care for children with special needs is presented as the best practice model for providing services to children and families. Psychologists must learn to play an active role in this frame-work that both integrates psychology with other health and education disciplines and uses the broad spectrum of psychological knowledge about families, development, community organization, and intervention strategies. Key principles of family-centered child psychology affect practice research and training. The psychologist becomes part of a team created to support families as the primary care-givers of their children. Training programs must reorganize the types of experiences both in the classroom and the field to train new psychologists within this model. As mandates for family-centered care affect policies at the state and federal levels, research will remain a critical factor in understanding the effects of these policy shifts on child and family functioning and the delivery of services.     

原创性:心理学研究的理性诉求

该文对国内心理学缺乏原创性研究的现状进行了分析,认为,国内的心理学研究在研究问题、方法论、理论指导等方面存在着对西方心理学的严重依附,而中国传统文化中的消极成分、教育体制中的不足以及学术研究的功利性,阻碍了心理学原创性研究的进行及原创性研究成果的形成。     

Experimental Social Innovation and Dissemination: The Promise and Its Delivery

This paper describes the origin of the Experimental Social Innovation and Dissemination model and its contribution to and intersection with community psychology. It also discusses the challenges presented to ESID by community psychology's growing emphasis on cultural diversity and participatory approaches to research and intervention. It concludes with an overview of the papers presented in the special issue.     

A century of Chinese developmental psychology

At the turn of last century, psychology, including developmental psychology, was introduced into China. Since then, developmental psychology has always been one of the main branches of Chinese psychology. This paper reviews the progress of Chinese developmental psychology in the last century, with special emphasis on its development during the recent 20 years. The paper consists of three sections. The first is a historical review. The 100 years' history of Chinese developmental psychology has been divided into three phases: first half of the 20th century; the period between 1950s and 1970s after the foundation of the People's Republic of China; and the period from the end of the 1970s up to the present. The authors briefly describe the initiation of Chinese developmental psychology, highlighting the research and related work in the field during the three phases. The second section of the paper introduces the research conducted by Chinese developmental psychologists during the last two decades in the following areas: cognitive development, language development, social development and socialization, the study of gifted children, cross‐cultural studies of child development, the study of only children, and the psychology of ageing. This section is the focus of the paper, because in this period, developmental psychology in China has progressed steadily on a sustained course and entered an unprecedented thriving period along with the State opening‐up policy and structural reformation. The last section is an appraisal of the past and prospects for the future. Here, the authors comment on the characteristics and achievements of Chinese developmental psychology in the 20th century and discuss future directions for its further development in terms of research scope and depth, research methods, indigenization, and application.     

From crisis of evidence to a “crisis” of relevance? Incentive-based answers for social psychology’s perennial relevance worries

Current controversies in social psychology have sparked the promotion of new rules for evidence in the field. This “crisis of evidence” echoes prior concerns from the 1970s about a so-called “crisis of social psychology”, with such issues as replication and statistical significance once more under examination. I argue that parallel concerns about the relevance of our research, raised but not completely resolved in the 1970s crisis, also deserve a fresh look. In particular, the advances made in the current crisis of evidence came about because of changes in academic career incentives, particularly publishing. Today, many voices in psychology urge greater respect for relevance in topics, methods and communication, but the lack of clear and concrete incentives to do so has stood in the way of answers. I diagnose the current incentive structures, propose partial solutions that are within the reach of journal editors and professional societies, and conclude by discussing the links between relevance and evidence, as well as special challenges to the relevance of social psychology post-2016.     

Contributions of qualitative research to the validity of intervention research

The Interdisciplinary Qualitative Research Subcommittee (IQRS) of the Task for on Evidence-based Interventions in School Psychology assumed the responsibility of developing criteria for reviewing qualitative methods used in intervention research. The IQRS, composed primarily of psychologists and anthropologists, was confronted with the long-standing debate between qualitative and quantitative researchers and with the task of explicating the potential contributions of qualitative research to establishing an evidence base for interventions in school psychology. Consequently, the outcomes of the subcommittee's work included not only a set of criteria for evaluating qualitative research but also a clearer understanding of the added value of mixed qualitative-quantitative approaches to intervention research. The purposes of this article are to provide an overview of qualitative research, present the criteria set forth by the IQRS, discuss the role of qualitative research in establishing the foundation for evidence-based practice, and introduce the illustrative research articles of the special issue. The four studies highlighted in this issue represent applications of qualitative research that meet the IQRS criteria and demonstrate the potential of qualitative research, conducted within a mixed-method framework, for enhancing our understanding of school-based interventions.