Ausbildungs- und Berufserfahrungen älterer Psychoanalytiker

Based on the discussion about the crisis of psychoanalysis and in particular of psychoanalytic training, 145 (female and male) analysts older than 70 years of age were interviewed about their training and professional experiences as well as about their attitudes towards psychoanalysis. This older generation is of great interest because their training generally took place prior to 1967 and preceded the introduction of guideline therapy (cost coverage by the general health insurance) and under much less formalized conditions, which can be seen almost as a contrast to the current circumstances and conditions. This research has shown that especially personal or content and value-based motivations (personal problems, therapeutic experience, interest in the subject, the desire for depth, self-realization and expansion of the situation perceived as restrictive of their former profession) were the main determining factors for the choice of career. The training analyses were, despite some exceptions, of substantial length even then (an average of 544 h), but often had a lower frequency (30% had less than 3 h per week). Since the age limitation for running a psychoanalytic practice within the general health services (formerly 68 years) is no longer compulsory, the results of this study regarding the professional life of older psychoanalysts are of special interest. Of the respondents 45% are still running their own practice and 22% are working as training analysts.     

Therapeutischer Stil und psychotherapeutische Behandlung älterer Patienten

Although the clinical field of psychotherapy for elderly patients is gradually developing, there is still a considerable gap in research on the topic. This mainly concerns questions about the characteristics of psychotherapy for elderly people. Based on clinical experience the therapeutic relationship and therapeutic style are of particular importance. This article presents a survey of psychotherapists who were asked with a questionnaire on their therapeutic style in the treatment of both elderly and younger patients. Data analysis showed differences between the two groups of patients concerning therapeutic technique and the assumed impact factors. In addition, differences between behavioral therapists and psychodynamic psychotherapists are important. The findings are discussed in the context of necessary modifications in the treatment of elderly people and training requirements.     

Träume werden zwischen den Menschen geträumt

Because we humans have a multitude of relationships, which first allow us to live, dreams as a natural phenomenon can express this basic feature of humans but they can also be understood specially for various relationships: they depict multiple relationships in which we are involved, illuminate relationships, give another new component to conscious knowledge and in this way alter relationships. We tell each other about dreams and exchange them amongst ourselves in a special narrative sphere.When working with dreams in the therapeutic process, the messages of dreams on the analytical relationship are important information and experiences from an unaccustomed perspective. That both the analysand and the analyst share an understanding of the dreams, is shown in particular by the initial dream. It can conclusively be shown in dream series how relationship conflicts change through the work with dreams.     

Neue Beiträge zur ‘Philosophie des Menschen’

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Ältere Menschen als Zeugen vor Gericht

This article provides an overview of the current empirical literature concerning older adults as eyewitnesses. Aging affects perception, memory and eyewitness testimony in many older adults (aged 65 years and above). As a group, they provide shorter accounts in free call, fewer correct and more incorrect details. Often they have to be asked more questions than young witnesses in order to obtain the same amount of information. Age differences have also been demonstrated for answers to questions. There are some promising attempts to improve older witnesses’ testimony, such as the Cognitive Interview. However, replication studies are still needed here. It remains unclear if older witnesses are generally more vulnerable to suggestions than young witnesses. There is some evidence that at least in some situations this seems to be the case. In photographic line-ups young and older adults show similar positive identification rates, but older adults have higher false alarm rates. When viewing mug books, older adults are more likely to make a choice than young adults, which can lead to higher rates of possibly false identification in a subsequent line-up. With increasing age age differences between young and old witnesses also increase. However there is considerable interindividual variation in witness performance: some witnesses are impacted by age early-on, while others remain highly functioning until very old age.     

Menschen, maschinen und g?dels theorem

Mechanism is the thesis that men can be considered as machines, that there is no essential difference between minds and machines.John Lucas has argued that it is a consequence of Gödel's theorem that mechanism is false. Men cannot be considered as machines, because the intellectual capacities of men are superior to that of any machine. Lucas claims that we can do something that no machine can do-namely to produce as true the Gödel-formula of any given machine. But no machine can prove its own Gödel-formula.In order to discuss and evaluate this argument, the author makes a distinction between formal and informal proofs, and between proofs given by men and proofs given by machines. It is argued that the informal proof capacities of machines are possibly greater and the formal proof capacities of men are possibly smaller than the anti-mechanist claims. So the argument from Gödel's theorem against mechanism fails.Though Gödel's theorem does not prove that minds are different from machines, it is not irrelevant to the analysis of thought and to the mind/machine controversy. It points to the importance of informal methods even within formal sciences and to the need for an analysis of the notion of informal thinking in cognitive science.     

Homosexualität und Prägung

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Gewaltprävention statt Präventivschlag

Die Psychotherapie -     

Therapieverläufe von Sexualstraftätern

Throughout the past decades evaluation studies on sexual offender treatment have led to controversies. While numerous studies examined the effectiveness of different interventions, the possible underlying mediating mechanisms have largely been neglected. This study took a multimethod approach to investigate the measurability of change processes in sexual offenders serving a sentence in the social therapeutic institution (SothA) of the detention center in Tegel, Germany (n?=?105). A longitudinal design with three groups (i.e. waiting group, treatment group and day release group) from four perspectives on change processes (i.e. external criminal prognostic assessment, therapists’ view, staff observation and clients’ perspective) was employed. Most criminal prognostic risk and protective factors improved over the course of treatment and this effect was smallest in the waiting group. While therapists reported increased therapeutic constraints in the course of treatment, they were more favorable in the criminal prognosis and detected more differentiated patterns of needs and resources of clients as conceptualized by the primary and secondary assets of the good lives model (GLM). In contrast, during the course of treatment the sexual offenders showed an increased awareness of the criminogenically relevant problems in the sexual domain. Nonetheless, the overall number of problems they identified as criminogenically relevant decreased. The internal problem attribution in the sense of internal causes (“It is my fault”) and capability of change (“Only I can solve the problem”) was increased. The stronger the clients’ perception of own problems in the sexual context increased over the course of treatment, the more positive the change in the staff’s view of their behavior became and the more their dynamic risk factors improved. Overall, this study found strong evidence that change processes in SothA might already be detectable during ongoing social treatment. It is currently uncertain whether these changes influence future recidivism. A comparison with recidivism data is necessary and in planning.     

„Bei der Vertretung bin ich viel tiefer an meine Probleme drangekommen …“

In inpatient group therapy it is necessary to substitute the group leader during times of vacation orillness. Problems for therapists, teams and patients, arising by the situation of substitution, arediscussed. The institutional framework of a hospital is characterized by different interests, thatsometimes lead to conflicts about the amount of substitution. It is helpful for therapists working assubstitute, to use group cohesion and not to bond the group too much to the leader. In this way the change of group leaders can be overcome better both by the group and the therapist.     

Einzelgegenständlichkeit als phänomenale Eigenschaft

Zusammenfassung Den phänomenologischen Begriffen der Ganz- und der Teileigenschaft ist der des phänomenalen Isoliertseins an die Seite zu stellen. Dadurch wird es möglich, die prinzipielle Wendung, welche die neuere Gestalttheorie gegenüber den älteren Ehrenfelsschen Konzeptionen kennzeichnet, näher zu begründen. Wolfgang Metzger zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Zur Phänomenologie des Wärmeschmerzes

Ohne Zusammenfassung Mit 35 Textabbildungen. Dissertation der Philosophischen Fakult?t Greifswald.