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1.
Female fragile X premutation carriers are at ∼10-fold increased risk of premature ovarian failure (follicle stimulating hormone
>40 mIU/mL, amenorrhea, age <40). A milder degree of premature ovarian aging (diminished ovarian reserve, where follicle stimulating
hormone levels are typically 10–20 mIU/mL) results in infertility. Approximately 10% of fertility clinic patients have this
diagnosis. A cohort of 20 women diagnosed with diminished ovarian reserve provided a blood specimen (confidential results),
and completed structured questionnaires that assessed emotional reactions to potentially being a premutation carrier (pretest
questionnaire, n = 20) and the posttest known carrier status (3 month follow-up questionnaire, n = 18 non-carriers). Responses were measured using 9-point scales, and analyzed with Fisher exact and Wilcoxon exact tests.
While most participants did not view fragile X premutations as a serious medical condition, perceptions of seriousness were
positively correlated with anger and regret about not knowing sooner of the potential association of these premutations with
infertility. Overall, when women (pretest) imagined themselves as carriers, their self-esteem and Health Orientation Scale
responses were unchanged with the exception of feeling more afraid (p = 0.004). Despite strongly wishing for negative test results, they were glad to know there might be a medical explanation
for their infertility.
Financial Support: This work was financially supported by a University of Virginia School of Medicine Research & Development
Award. 相似文献
2.
The present study examined the psychological profiles of 138 candidates for ordained ministry from the Episcopal (n = 90) and Presbyterian Church (USA) (n = 48). Employing scales scores from the MMPI-2, MCMI-III, and 16PF-5, we used a series of one-way ANOVAs to test for differences
between genders, denominations, and (for Episcopalians) ordination type and completion versus non-completion of the ordination
process. Our results suggest that, consistent with the literature, these future clergy were generally well-adjusted and socially
skilled. Denominational differences in our sample were virtually non-existent. While similar on most dimensions, female candidates
may appraise their circumstances and relationships with a greater emphasis on emotional considerations than their male counterparts.
Differences between Episcopal candidates for the Priesthood and the Deaconate were consistent with differences in their respective
leadership and support roles. Finally, discriminant function analysis indicated that candidates who completed their ordination
appeared to have a more realistic and positive attitude toward the process as well as a more deferential and less independent
orientation than those who did not. 相似文献
3.
4.
Research on objectification theory (Fredrickson and Roberts in Psychology of Women Quarterly 21:173–206, 1997) has demonstrated
relations among self-objectification, body shame, and negative health outcomes. Less research has focused on the relation
of self-objectification to indicators of well-being. We examined associations among self-objectification, body shame, and
two indicators of well-being (i.e., self-esteem and satisfaction with life) in a path analytic model. We also tested explicitly
whether body shame mediated the relation between self-objectification and self-esteem and whether self-esteem mediated the
relation between body shame and life satisfaction. Female undergraduates (N = 227) from the United States completed questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest. Results indicated that the proposed
model fit the data and that body shame and self-esteem mediated as predicted. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Breast and global body dissatisfaction were examined in Asian (n = 237), European (n = 196), Hispanic (n = 109), and African (n = 58) American college women. Asian American women reported the lowest body satisfaction on the Appearance Evaluation Scale
(Cash, T. F. The multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire users’ manual: 3rd revision, 2000) and greatest breast dissatisfaction on one of two breast dissatisfaction measures. Ethnic differences in breast dissatisfaction,
but not in body dissatisfaction, disappeared when body size (BMI) was statistically controlled. Results were consistent with
research showing that (1) ethnic differences in body dissatisfaction are small, (2) studies of ethnic differences must include
appropriate controls for total or specific body size, and (3) Asian college women report lower global body satisfaction than
women of African, European, or Hispanic heritage.
For additional papers and information, please contact David Frederick at enderflies1@aol.com, visit his website at or contact Gordon B. Forbes at gforbes@millikin.edu. 相似文献
6.
Graves KD Christopher J Harrison TM Peshkin BN Isaacs C Sheppard VB 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):674-689
We examined healthcare providers’ perceptions of genetic counseling and testing in African American women at moderate to high-risk
of carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with genetic counselors (n = 5), medical oncologists (n = 8), obstetrician/gynecologists (n = 2) and surgeons (n = 5). Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and independently coded by two individuals using a content analysis approach.
Seven themes emerged relevant to providers’ perceptions of African American women’s use of BRCA1/2 genetic services: access factors, cultural beliefs and preferences, effects of testing, patient motivators for genetic counseling
and testing, patient-provider communication, reasons for provider referral, and reasons for patient refusal. Providers identified
individual- and system-level barriers to African American women’s use of genetic services, including lack of follow-up after
referrals to genetic specialists and challenges to obtaining financial coverage for under- and uninsured high-risk women.
Results have implications for physician and patient education regarding appropriate referrals to and uptake of genetic services
in at-risk African American women. 相似文献
7.
Little is known about factors predicting the likelihood of choosing genetic testing in college aged women versus older women,
including knowledge of quality of life (QOL) associated with a disorder. Using vignettes with female college students (Experiment
1: n = 257, mean age = 19.70 yrs) and female faculty/staff/alumni (Experiment 2: n
nulliparous = 83, mean age = 30.20 yrs; n
mothers = 53, mean age = 33.77 yrs), we examined the contribution of multiple factors to predicting genetic testing likelihood for
cystic fibrosis. We investigated malleable situational factors (style of genetic risk presentation and providing QOL information
including physical and social aspects) and stable dispositional factors (abortion views). Parity (i.e., prior births) was
more influential in women’s genetic testing likelihood than was age. Greater acceptability of abortion for oneself and self-assessed
knowledge following QOL information were predictors of higher testing likelihood for college students. Greater acceptability
of abortion for another person was a predictor for nulliparous women. Abortion views moderated the effect of predictors for
nulliparous women and mothers. Findings encourage genetic counselors to utilize QOL information to promote informed decision
making through genetic testing. 相似文献
8.
Vujanovic AA Bonn-Miller MO Potter CM Marshall EC Zvolensky MJ 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):129-135
The present investigation examined the incremental associations between distress tolerance, or the perceived capacity to tolerate
emotional distress, and global posttraumatic stress symptom severity as well as symptom cluster severity, beyond the variance
accounted for by number of trauma exposure types and negative affectivity. The sample consisted of 140 adults (72 women; M
age = 25.9, SD = 11.1) who endorsed exposure to traumatic life events, as defined by posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic criterion
A (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Participants did not meet diagnostic criteria for current axis I psychopathology. Distress tolerance demonstrated significant
incremental associations with global posttraumatic stress symptom severity (p < .01) as well as re-experiencing (p < .05), avoidance (p = .05), and hyperarousal (p < .001) symptom cluster severity. Given the cross-sectional study design, causation cannot be inferred. Theoretical implications
and future directions for better understanding associations between distress tolerance and posttraumatic stress are discussed. 相似文献
9.
This research assessed the extent to which sociocultural predictors of body dissatisfaction implicated in Western studies
extend to the prediction of physical appearance concerns among young women and adolescent girls in Southwest China. In Study
1, 408 Chinese university-age women completed measures of fatness concern (FC), facial appearance concerns (FAC), sociocultural
influence (i.e., appearance pressure, comparison, teasing), and demographics. In hierarchical regression analyses, appearance
pressure and comparison predicted both FC and FAC, independent of other factors. In Study 2, effects of appearance pressure
and comparison were replicated among middle school (n = 346) and high school (n = 563) girls. Together, findings suggest that appearance pressure and social comparison correspond with specific body image
concerns of young females in China. 相似文献
10.
Mirka Hintsanen Markus Jokela Laura Pulkki-Råback Jorma S. A. Viikari Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(3):257-271
The current cross-sectional study examined whether body-mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio are associated with adult attachment.
Participants were 1,570 men and women participating in Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. BMI was measured in youth
and in adulthood and waist-hip ratio in adulthood. A single measure of attachment style was conducted when participants were
aged 24–39 years. In age and sex adjusted models, youth BMI (Beta = .066, p = .008), adulthood BMI (Beta = .069, p = .007) and waist-hip ratio (Beta = .082, p = .016) were associated with fearful attachment. The associations remained significant when education and relationship status
were adjusted for. Age adjusted association between adulthood waist-hip ratio and preoccupied attachment was found in men
(Beta = .132, p = .002). The association was not essentially changed by additionally adjusting for education and relationship status, and
including fearful attachment in the model. Furthermore, associations for attachment dimensions were also found. These results
suggest that in addition to previously reported negative effects of higher BMI on physical health, higher BMI might have negative
associations with psychological functioning as well. Furthermore, our results imply that physical appearance might be associated
with attachment style in adulthood. 相似文献
11.
While literature characterizing individual genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes is sparse, the National Society of Genetic
Counselors takes a clear stance for reproductive autonomy. To determine genetic counselors’ views, this study compared (1)
genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes to those of women from the general population and (2) genetic counselors’ professional
abortion attitudes to their personal abortion attitudes. Genetic counselors were invited to complete an online survey. Response
rate was 44.3% (709/1,601). Compared to women from the general population, female genetic counselors were significantly more
likely to agree abortion should be an option in all cases (p < .001). Controlling for other possible confounders, regression analyses revealed that being a genetic counselor, religious
service attendance and age were significantly predictive of abortion attitudes. Although the vast majority of genetic counselors
agree that abortion should be available, they are significantly less likely to personally consider abortion under all circumstances
presented (p < .001), and the percentage of genetic counselors who would consider terminating in the case of a severe birth defect is
similar to studies of other women. 相似文献
12.
Molly M. Hurt Jaclyn A. Nelson Dixie L. Turner Megan E. Haines Laura R. Ramsey Mindy J. Erchull Miriam Liss 《Sex roles》2007,57(5-6):355-363
The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between feminism and clinical outcomes, such as eating attitudes,
depression, and self-esteem, employing structural equation modeling to look at indirect relationships. This study examined
female participants’ (N = 282) responses to an online survey measuring feminist self-identification, conformity to feminine norms, objectified body
consciousness, eating attitudes, depression, and self-esteem. Participants were recruited on two college campuses and through
online listservs. Feminist self-identification was related to rejecting the feminine norms of thinness, appearance, and the
importance of romantic relationships. Endorsing these norms was related to increased body surveillance and shame. Objectification
variables were related to negative clinical outcomes. Thus, feminism is a distal, rather than proximal, influence on clinical
variables. 相似文献
13.
Pei Lin Lua Halilah Haron Getrude Cosmas Nurul Hudani Md. Nawi 《Applied research in quality of life》2007,2(4):247-271
The possibilities of adverse drug reactions and disease-related psychosocial implications have led to the current emphasis
on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment in epilepsy. The main objective of this study was to determine the impact
of various demographic characteristics i.e. gender, age, marital status, ethnic origin, religion, and employment status on
HRQoL profiles in Malaysian epilepsy patients. Patients with epilepsy were recruited from ten public hospitals in Sabah, Malaysia.
Upon written consents, they completed the Malay Quality of Life In Epilepsy-30 (QOLIE-30) instrument which assesses Seizure Worry, Overall QoL, Emotional Well-Being, Energy/Fatigue, Cognitive Functioning, Medication Effects and Social Functioning. An Overall Score was generated to represent a summarised HRQoL score. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were both carried
out using SPSS 14 for (1) all patients and (2) patients possessing Poor QoL (Overall Score < median) and Good QoL (Overall Score ≥ median). One-hundred-and-thirteen patients participated in the study. The respondents ranged from 18–76 years with a mean
age of 31 years. Majority were Kadazandusuns (n = 46; 40.7%) and many were unmarried (n = 68; 60.2%), Muslims (n = 50; 44.2%) and unemployed (n = 54; 47.8%). Age was the most significant factor across all patients (B = −0.372, t = −2.238, p = 0.027), regardless of Poor or Good QoL level. Older patients (>56 years) fared the worst in many HRQoL areas. Those with
Poor QoL were mostly affected by marital status (widowed/divorced) and ethnic origin (Kadazandusun/Chinese). Religion (Buddhism/Hinduism)
emerged as the most prominent HRQoL predictor for patients experiencing Good QoL and being Chinese too played a role. These
outcomes indicate that specific demographic characteristics are influential in determining the HRQoL of epilepsy patients.
Consequently, healthcare professionals could utilise such information in planning the best treatment and care by considering
both the medical and psychosocial impacts towards patients.
This paper was part of a research project and majority of its components had been presented at the 7th Conference On International Society For Quality Of Life Studies (ISQoLS) 2006, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, 17–20 July 2006. 相似文献
14.
Margaret H. Sibley William E. Pelham Brooke S. G. Molina Elizabeth M. Gnagy Daniel A. Waschbusch Aparajita Biswas Michael G. MacLean Dara E. Babinski Kathryn M. Karch 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(1):21-32
This study examined the association between childhood ADHD and juvenile delinquency by examining data from the Pittsburgh
ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS), a follow-up study of individuals diagnosed with ADHD in childhood (ages 5–12) and recontacted
in adolescence and young adulthood for yearly follow-up (age at first follow-up interview M = 17.26, SD = 3.17). Participants were 288 males with childhood ADHD and 209 demographically similar males without ADHD who were recruited
into the follow-up study. Delinquency information gathered yearly during the second through eighth follow-up provided a comprehensive
history of juvenile delinquency for all participants. Four childhood diagnostic groups [ADHD-only (N = 47), ADHD + ODD (N = 135), ADHD + CD (N = 106), and comparison (N = 209)] were used to examine group differences on delinquency outcomes. Analyses were conducted across three dimensions of
delinquency (i.e., severity, age of initiation, and variety). Individuals with childhood ADHD + CD displayed significantly
worse delinquency outcomes than the other three groups, across almost all indices of offending. When compared to comparison
participants, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD in childhood displayed earlier ages of delinquency initiation, a greater
variety of offending, and higher prevalence of severe delinquency. These findings suggest that although childhood ADHD + CD
creates the greatest risk for delinquency, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD also appear at a higher risk for later offending.
The patterns of offending that emerged from the PALS are discussed in the context of the relationship between ADHD, comorbidity,
and delinquency. 相似文献
15.
Using an experimental design, male (n = 41) and female (n = 46) undergraduate students in the southeastern USA evaluated an identical written lecture by a male and female professor
on pay disparities between men and women in the workforce suggesting sex discrimination. Regardless of the students’ sex,
the male professor and his lecture was rated more positively and less sexist than the female professor. Moderated multiple
regression analysis indicated that more traditional and gender stereotypical attitudes toward women in male students were
related to greater sexism ratings of the female professor compared to the male professor whereas; no differences on ratings
of sexism between the male and female professor were found for male students with more liberal attitudes. 相似文献
16.
Paul M. Kline 《Pastoral Psychology》2007,55(6):731-739
The toxic impact of clergy sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence can be complex and enduring. For some, a particularly
painful consequence is noteworthy change in one’s personal identity or sense of self. Survivors frequently experience unrelenting
grief over the loss of the “self” that was experienced as “real” prior to the onset of abuse. Memories of days and times when
this self was “alive” are often accompanied by strong feelings of affection and joy. Despair over the loss of this identity
contrasts sharply with the indifference or hostility felt for the self with which they have been burdened as a consequence
of sexual abuse by clergy in childhood. Many struggle with the unbearable conviction that they are fated to live “in the skin”
of an identity that is not an authentic expression of the person they were meant to be. This article suggests that the writings
of Thomas Merton (1915–1968) may offer a hopeful resource for survivors of clergy sexual abuse and for those working in support
of survivors’ recovery. Merton has been described as “the most influential Catholic author of the twentieth century” ). His writings touch the “deeper woundedness of spirit and psyche” (Kilcourse, Cross Curr, 49:87–96, 1999, p. 90) and his elegant examination of the true self lies “at the center of his teaching on the Christian
life” (Conn, Pastor Psychol, 46:323–332, 1998, p. 327). For Merton, the true self is indestructible and, because it is “rooted in God” (Merton, The inner experience: Notes on contemplation, Harper Collins, New York, 2003, p. 2), always open to discovery, growth, and transformation. This framework may be especially
useful for individuals whose personal identity, as a consequence of sexual abuse in childhood by clergy, is experienced as
forever poisoned and beyond redemption. 相似文献
17.
Brian L. Thompson Jennifer A. Waltz 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(2):119-126
Ellis (Ellis, A. (1996), Psychotherapy, 22(1), 149–151) has been a longstanding critic of the concept of self-esteem and has offered the notion of unconditional self-acceptance
as an alternative. Other researchers have suggested that cultivating mindfulness––attention directed towards one’s immediate
experiences with an attitude of non-judgment––also offers a healthier alternative to self-esteem (Ryan, R. M., & Brown, K.
W. (2003) Psychological Inquiry, 14(1), 71–76). This study examined the relationship between mindfulness, self-esteem, and unconditional self-acceptance. A sample
of 167 university students completed two measures of everyday mindfulness, and measures of self-esteem and unconditional self-acceptance.
Positive correlations were found between mindfulness, self-esteem, and unconditional self-acceptance. Mindfulness skills may
offer a means to cultivate unconditional self-acceptance and to shift from an emphasis on self-esteem as a measure of worth.
This paper was based on data collected for the first author's Master's project. 相似文献
18.
Willoughby MT Waschbusch DA Moore GA Propper CB 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):19-30
This study evaluated a five-item screening measure of Callous Unemotional (CU) traits using items drawn from the Preschool
Form of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). Using data from the Durham Child Health and Development
study (N = 178), confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that CU items could be distinguished from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant (ODD) items. The two-year stability (N = 137) of CU (ϕ = .84) was comparable to that of ADHD (ϕ = .79) and ODD (ϕ = .69). Three groups of children were selected based on parent-rated ODD and CU behaviors at the 36-month assessment (N = 37; ODD+CU, N = 7; ODD-only, N = 12; non-ODD, N = 18). Multiple measures of infant temperament predicted group membership with 84% accuracy. Consistent with Frick and Morris’
(Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 33(1):54–68, 2004) hypotheses, ODD+CU and ODD-only children exhibited temperamental profiles in infancy that were consistent with low fear
and emotionally dysregulated pathways into conduct problems, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Augustine Osman John E. Williams Kelly Espenschade Peter M. Gutierrez Jennifer R. Bailey Osman Chowdhry 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):202-214
The psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) were examined in adolescent psychiatric
inpatient samples. In Study 1 (n = 287), confirmatory factor analyses provided satisfactory fit for the four-factor (comparative fit index; CFI = 0.856) and
higher-order (CFI = 0.854) solutions. Using parcels as items, the fit of the four-factor model was improved substantially
(CFI = 0.935). Next, in the bifactor analyses, support was attained for a model that included a general factor and four domain
specific subfactors. In Study 2 (n = 195 inpatient youths), the MASC showed good scale reliability and concurrent validity. Results of the receiver operating
characteristic curve and binary logistic regression analyses provided adequate evidence for discriminative validity. In Study
3 (n = 40), test–retest reliability of scores on the MASC-10 scale over a 3-week period was adequate (r
tt = 0.83, p < 0.001) for children ages 8 to 11 years. 相似文献
20.
Deborah K. Anderson Rosalind S. Oti Catherine Lord Kathleen Welch 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(7):1019-1034
Adaptive social skills were assessed longitudinally at approximately ages 2, 3, 5, 9, and 13 years in a sample of 192 children
with a clinical diagnosis of autism (n = 93), PDD-NOS (n = 51), or nonspectrum developmental disabilities (n = 46) at age 2. Growth curve analyses with SAS proc mixed were used to analyze social trajectories over time. Both individual
characteristics and environmental resources emerged as key predictors of adaptive social behavior outcome. The gap between
children with autism and the other two diagnostic groups widened with time as the social skills of the latter groups improved
at a higher rate. However, within diagnostic groups, improvement ranged from minimal to very dramatic. Children with autism
most at risk for problems with social adaptive abilities later in life can be identified with considerable accuracy at a very
young age so they can be targeted for appropriate early intervention services. 相似文献