朱熹对宋代易学的发展——兼论朱熹、程颐易学思想之异同

朱熹提出《易》之本义为卜筮的见解,由此对程颐易学和义理学派提出批评。朱熹主张区分《周易》经传,提出易学发展阶段说。通过比较《周易本义》和《周易程氏传》,可见两者之异同。朱熹以象数、卜筮求易理,把义理学派与象数学派统一起来,从而发展了宋代易学。     

《周易》与围棋之道

《周易》以"易道广大,无所不包"被称为"大道之源",古人往往把《周易》作为观察世界、理解世界的范式,用以解读现实事物。东汉班固首开以《周易》哲学思想解读围棋的先河,其后以"易"解"弈"者代有其人,形成了具有易学内涵的围棋义理。本文试图通过对《周易》哲学思想影响下围棋之道的剖析,揭示《周易》的现代价值及易学思想观照下的"围棋之道"对现代人的启示。     

朱震所述易学传承谱系之管见

宋代儒学的发展已经从汉代经学式的文本传承转向了儒家之道的传承,知识的传承不再依靠师生和文本的传授,而是直承孔孟儒家之精神。《周易》作为宋代理学建立的根底,是儒家思想坚实的理论基础和文献来源。朱震作为二程后学,精研《周易》,基于理学和易学发展的角度对易学传承谱系重新梳理,叙述了传自孔子的象数义理之儒家系统和宋代始自陈抟的图书系统,确立"北宋五子"在易学传承中的重要地位,并以《程氏易传》为本,融合张载、邵雍,采取汉魏以降的易学观点,试图建立融象数、义理及图书为一体的庞大的易学体系,以弥缝易学天人之道。     

“象数”与“义理”新论

《周易》是中国最古老最重要的典籍之一,历代对《易》的诠释方法多样、观点不一。《四库全书总目提要》将易学分为两派六宗,其中占卜宗、机祥宗、造化宗可归入象数派,老庄宗、儒理宗、史事宗可归入义理派。象数派和义理派成为易学研究的两大学派,象数和义理成为易学的组成要素。传统一般认为：象数派和义理派是截然对立的,象数与义理也是难以相容的。我认为这种观点负面影响了对易学本质及易学哲学的客观认识和深入研究。本文旨在对这一问题作一探讨。一、象数为《周易》之本,义理为《周易》之用在《周易》中,象数主要指卦交象和阴阳…     

程伊川与马王堆之间--天理、象数与汉宋易学的视角

本文认为,伊川易学的传统上溯到王弼是不够的;伊川易学"即事尽天理"之说,已经在宗教的层次上把握了<周易>的深义,可以追溯到马王堆易学的传统;与王弼易学不同的是,伊川易学在注重义理的同时,并没有尽黜象数,而是与马王堆易学一样,同时兼顾了<周易>卦画爻象的基本性质;比较伊川易学与帛书<周易>,使我们对宋易的来源有了进一步的认识:不仅宋易义理之学与帛书易学有着密切的关系,而且宋易象数之学与帛书易学也有不容忽视的关系;在宋易来源的考察中,只有超越义理易学与象数易学的学派偏见,才有可能对此问题有真正的再认识:在宋学中占有重要地位的宋代易学,其来源也许与马王堆帛书<周易>之学有密切的关系.     

杨向奎先生易学研究述略

在杨向奎先生博大精深的学术体系中,易学研究是一个重要内容。关于《周易》的来源和性质,关于《周易》和易学在中国思想文化史上的地位、影响,关于中国易学的发展等问题,杨先生都有所探究、有所创获。杨先生的易学研究是多视角、全方位的,既有对《周易》和易学文本及其相关材料的具体而微的开掘、考证和阐释,又有对易学史及其相关问题的宏观认识和总体把握。杨先生没有拘泥于传统的象数与义理之分。而是将二者熔为一炉,融会贯通,综合超越,始终注意将易学问题置于宏大的思想文化背景和流变中来系统考察,将易学研究建立在文化史、社会史研究的基础上,从而更好地展示了易学演变的脉络和规律。     

论易学义理派对道教的影响

易学与道教存在十分密切的关系,已逐步为学术界所承认。但是,过去,学者们多注意《周易》象数学对道教的影响问题,而相对忽略了义理派在道教理论建设过程中的作用。本文认为义理派对道教的影响也是极为深刻的,作者首先分析了易学义理派对道教造成影响的原因,进而具体阐述了易学义理派在经典注疏、教理建设诸方面对道教的影响。     

论王弼“得象忘言、得意忘象”的易学诠释路径

王弼通过对言、象、意三者关系的讨论创立"得象忘言、得意忘象"的解《易》原则,这是王弼将易学诠释重心由象数转向义理的关键。这个原则是王弼在《周易》文本的基础上,吸收了庄子思想以及当时盛行的"言不尽意"理论,对易学当中言、象、意三者关系进行的重新思考。这种思考源自于王弼以本体论的视角来解读《周易》,认为在《周易》中存在无形无象却又统御万物的形上之道,他通过"得意忘象"将对道的体悟转化为对圣人之意的认知,并以此沟通形上本体与形下世界。提出普通人与圣人五情同、神明通,以"得象忘言、得意忘象"作为普通人理解《易》之义理的新方法。     

试论道教易学产生的历史背景和思想渊源

一顾名思义,所谓道教易学,或谓道教中的易学,或谓易学在道教中。这两个方面的内容,既相联系,又相区别。道教中的易学,范围比较广泛,它既涉及《周易》经、传及易学发展中出现的种种概念、哲学命题在道教教义思想中的运用,也包括《周易》的卦爻符号系统作为信仰的象征符号在道教中的运用等。易学在道教中,指的是作为经学的《周易》在道教中的应用、发展的情况。从道教的经籍总集《道藏》来看,尽管如元代高道李道纯作《三天易髓》,曾以《周易》中《乾》、《坤》两卦的爻辞释道教内丹修炼,且这种情况在《道藏》的其它经文中也有一定程度的存在;…     

房审权、李衡易学成就略论

房审权在宋代易学空前繁荣的背景下,反用唐李鼎祚《周易集解》之法,汇集汉代以来解《易》诸家,坚持以义理解《易》为主,切实地推动了义理易学的发展,在易学史上占有一席之地．李衡继承房审权的易学思想,在删补《周易义海》的基础上,编撰完成《周易义海撮要》．《周易义海》、《周易义海撮要》为我们保存了大量珍贵的易学资料,也客观地折射出了南宋以前义理易学的发展的脉络．     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.