建国六十年来大陆易学研究回顾与展望

文章回顾了建国以来大陆易学研究的历程,总结了易学研究在不同阶段因应不同的时代问题与新材料而取得的新进展,指出了这种成果背后的历史动因,同时对其不足进行了探讨,最后对易学研究进行了展望。进入新世纪,易学研究开始切入时代主题,在研究方向上不断深入,研究领域不断扩大,出现了新气象。如何弥补易学研究的不足,正是学术界在新世纪对易学研究的期待。     

中国自我心理学研究的现状与展望

该文论述了自我心理学研究的重大意义。据统计结果表明,近年来我国自我心理学研究论文的数量成倍增长,研究内容涉及20多个方面,形成了一批研究中心,出版了数部自我研究专著。论述了自我教育将成为自我研究的中心课题及其主要研究内容和相应的措施。     

国外关于自信的研究综述

近些年来自信研究已受到越来越多的心理学家的关注。文章对国外30多年来自信的理论和实证研究进行了系统综述,从概念和结构上阐述了国外自信研究的历史和现状,并从自信的差异研究、两极与反面研究以及影响因素3方面总结了具体研究领域的最新进展。在此基础上,指出了自信研究领域存在的问题和将来的研究方向。     

阅读障碍儿童的形音捆绑缺陷及其脑神经机制

形音捆绑缺陷研究是国内外阅读障碍研究领域的一个新方向。本文阐述了形音捆绑加工的理论与定义,综述了国内外研究者经常采用的三种形音捆绑的研究范式:配对联想学习、变化检测范式和线索回忆任务,介绍并分析了各研究范式的优缺点、适用范围及主要研究发现。同时,综述与评价了国内外有关阅读障碍形音捆绑缺陷的脑机制研究的主要结论及不足。最后,本文讨论了现有研究在实验设计和理论上的贡献与不足,提出了今后的研究方向和改进建议。     

我国大学生心理健康教育研究的现状与展望

大学生心理健康教育研究已经成为我国心理学研究的一项重要课题。只有对大学生心理健康教育研究的现状有所了解,才能够更好地进行大学生心理健康教育。文章从理论研究和实证研究两方面阐述了当前我国大学生心理健康教育研究的现状,其中理论研究包含了大学生心理健康教育的内容、途径、模式研究;实证研究则包括了大学生心理健康状况的研究、大学生心理健康与自我概念相关的研究以及大学生心理健康教育研究方法的研究。最后展望了我国大学生心理健康教育研究的趋势。     

分形与心理的分形研究

介绍了分形和心理的分形研究,分析了心理分形研究的意义,并对传统的欧几里得研究范式和分形研究范式做了区分。     

跨文化心理学中的文化适应研究

文化适应（acculturation）的研究已经成为跨文化心理学研究的一个重要组成部分。近年来这方面的研究急剧增加,新的理论模型不断出现,其研究对西方国家移民政策产生了重要影响。文章从文化适应的定义出发,回顾了文化适应的理论发展和主要的研究范式,同时也指出了当前文化适应研究中存在的问题,最后对文化适应研究今后的发展趋势做出了展望。这一研究领域对我国流动人口的适应问题和民族融合等方面的研究也有重大的理论意义     

心理学研究方法的系统分析与体系重构

心理学研究方法在心理学的发展中占有特别重要的地位。当前,心理学研究方法已经成为心理学中的一门重要学科,相关论文和教材很多。本文首先对心理学研究方法的发展进行了简要概述,重点指出了心理学研究方法研究中存在的重大问题,在此基础上,我们对心理学研究方法进行了系统分析,并构建了心理学研究方法的新体系。     

国外已决犯监狱服刑人员自尊研究综述

几十年来,国外学术界对于被监禁人员的自尊问题进行了很多研究,并取得了诸多研究成果。本文对有关已决犯监狱服刑人员的自尊研究进行了简要回顾,对相关研究及其成果进行了简要介绍,对研究的特点、局限进行了总结,并在此基础上尝试提出了未来研究应关注的要点。     

国外已决犯监狱服刑人员自尊研究综述

几十年来,国外学术界对于被监禁人员的自尊问题进行了很多研究,并取得了诸多研究成果。本文对有关已决犯监狱服刑人员的自尊研究进行了简要回顾,对相关研究及其成果进行了简要介绍,对研究的特点、局限进行了总结,并在此基础上尝试提出了未来研究应关注的要点。     

不同年级和专业大学生精神信仰的研究

采用问卷对1100名大学生进行调查,发现不同年级和专业的大学生精神信仰存在如下特点:随着年级的升高,大三是宗教信仰和神灵崇拜的转折,大二是政治信仰、民族主义和国家主义信仰的转折;法科比其他专业更易产生宗教信仰、神灵崇拜和金钱崇拜,工科、农科比其他专业的政治信仰、民族主义和国家主义信仰要高。     

Reflections on stimulus control

The topic of stimulus control is too broad and complex to be traceable here. It would probably take a two-semester course to cover just the highlights of that field's evolution. The more restricted topic of equivalence relations has itself become so broad that even an introductory summary requires more time than we have available. An examination of relations between equivalence and the more general topic of stimulus control, however, may reveal characteristics of both the larger and the more limited field that have not been generally discussed. Consideration of these features may in turn foster future developments within each area. I speak, of course, about aspects of stimulus control that my own experiences have made salient to me; others would surely emphasize different characteristics of the field. It is my hope that cooperative interactions among researchers and theorists who approach stimulus control from different directions will become more common than is currently typical.     

自尊与自我服务偏好的关系述评

 传统研究认为,自尊与自我服务偏好正相关,高自尊者比低自尊者有更强的自我服务偏好。但越来越多的研究对此结论提出了挑战,这些研究主要涉及两个问题：（1）是否只有高自尊者才有自我服务偏好？（2）是否凡高自尊者就有自我服务偏好？文章最后指出未来研究应该对这两个问题进行更深入和更细致的研究比如何种自尊者才有自我服务偏好、自我服务偏好是否只是一种策略及其利弊等     

Biases in use of positive and negative words across twenty natural languages

Positive events are more common (more tokens), but negative events are more differentiated (more types). These observations and asymmetries about the world are consistent with a number of features or biases favouring positive adjectives that have been shown for English. Compared to their opposites, positive adjectives in English are more likely to be unmarked, negated into their opposite, define the entire negative to positive dimension, and occur first in conjunctions with their negative opposite. In this paper we document that these biases have considerable generality, appearing in all or almost all of 20 natural languages. The greater differentiation of negative states is illustrated here by the demonstration that five common nouns describing negative states in English (disgust, risk, sympathy, accident, murderer) have equivalents in most or all of the 20 languages surveyed, but the opposite of these nouns is not lexicalised in most of the 20 languages.     

Wanting more than you have and it’s Consequences for Well-being

Americans have a lot of stuff, but are not necessarily happier for it. One possibility is that even if we want what we have, we want more. Wanting more may increase have-want discrepancies and reduce well-being. In this paper, we introduce the construct wanting more, and show that it negatively predicts well-being. We then identify materialism as a mediator of this relationship. Wanting more negatively effects well-being at least in part because those who want more are more likely to be materialistic. Finally, we show that wanting more than one has and wanting what one has are distinct constructs, and that wanting what one has moderates the relationship between wanting more and well-being. Those who want more are less happy only if they also do not want what they have. Wanting what one has may reduce attention to have-want discrepancies that result from wanting more.     

Altruism predicts mating success in humans

In order for non‐kin altruism to evolve, altruists must receive fitness benefits for their actions that outweigh the costs. Several researchers have suggested that altruism is a costly signal of desirable qualities, such that it could have evolved by sexual selection. In two studies, we show that altruism is broadly linked with mating success. In Study 1, participants who scored higher on a self‐report altruism measure reported they were more desirable to the opposite sex, as well as reported having more sex partners, more casual sex partners, and having sex more often within relationships. Sex moderated some of these relationships, such that altruism mattered more for men's number of lifetime and casual sex partners. In Study 2, participants who were willing to donate potential monetary winnings (in a modified dictator dilemma) reported having more lifetime sex partners, more casual sex partners, and more sex partners over the past year. Men who were willing to donate also reported having more lifetime dating partners. Furthermore, these patterns persisted, even when controlling for narcissism, Big Five personality traits, and socially desirable responding. These results suggest that altruists have higher mating success than non‐altruists and support the hypothesis that altruism is a sexually selected costly signal of difficult‐to‐observe qualities.     

Comparing the Geographic Distributions and Growth of Mormons,Adventists, and Witnesses

Mormons, Adventists, and Witnesses have all felt called to take their teachings to the world and have experienced growth. However, they have varied considerably in both their geographic spread—where they have developed a presence over time—and also in where they have been more successful numerically. The result is sharply differing profiles: Adventists are concentrated more in the developing world; Witnesses and Mormons are proportionately stronger in the developed world, but in different parts of it. Within countries, Witnesses and Mormons are more urban, while Adventists are more concentrated in rural regions; Adventists also tend to be poorer than Witnesses and especially practicing Mormons. The article explores why these differing patterns developed, expanding on a recently developed theoretical model by Cragun and Lawson that religious growth depends on the synchronization of supply and demand and their corresponding components.     

Indirect treatment of children via parent training: A burgeoning form of secondary prevention

This study reviews research on the process and outcome of parent training (PT) conducted over the past 20 years. A distinction is made between parent behavioral training and other forms of PT. It is concluded that all forms of PT research have become more molecular in the questions addressed and otherwise more scientifically rigorous. Compared to other forms of psychotherapeutic intervention, PT produces more consistently positive outcome changes and is clearly more economical of professional time and thus of consumer cost. As such, although less than 3% of all previous PT studies have dealt with prevention, PT is recommended as a potential form of secondary prevention worth consideration by applied and preventive psychologists.     

Comorbidity and Related Factors Among Ethnically Diverse Substance Using Pregnant Women

Studies have established that comorbidity needs to be considered when assessing and treating substance-using clients. This study explores course of treatment, risk factors, and drug-related issues among 192 ethnically diverse pregnant women who were actively using drugs at admission to a residential treatment program. Findings revealed that course of treatment is more difficult for comorbid clients who perceived more treatment barriers than noncomorbid clients. Comorbid clients were more likely to have a history of attempting suicide but no more likely to have been reported for child abuse or charged with a crime. Comorbid clients reported greater severity of alcohol use but did not differ from noncomorbid clients regarding drug of choice. Comorbid clients were no more likely to leave against treatment advice, and noncomorbid clients were no more likely to complete treatment. Findings suggest that sensitivity to comorbidity issues is crucial to retaining comorbid clients in treatment.     

Religious involvement and self-forgiveness

The purpose of this study is to examine the interface between involvement in religion and self-forgiveness. The data come from a recent nationwide survey of adults age 18 and older (N?=?1774). A conceptual model was developed that contains the following hypotheses: (1) Evangelicals will attend worship services more frequently than members of other faith traditions; (2) people who go to church services more often will be more likely to get spiritual support from fellow church members; (3) individuals who receive more spiritual support from religious others will be more likely to believe that they have been forgiven by God; (4) people who believe that they have been forgiven by God will have a greater sense of self-worth; and (5) individuals who have a stronger sense of self-worth will be more likely to forgive themselves for the things they have done wrong. The data provide support for each hypothesis.