耳聋基因治疗进展及评价

基因治疗为感音性聋的治疗提供新的生物治疗模式,通过预防毛细胞死亡、调控毛细胞分化和再生、基因操纵、干细胞移植、RNA干扰等手段而恢复内耳功能。耳聋基因治疗体现了多学科联合发展的要求及求异性思维的重要性,但仍面临诸多问题,从哲学的角度思考及正确对待耳聋基因治疗,必将有利于促进该技术最终服务于人类。     

耳聋基因治疗进展及评价

基因治疗为感音性聋的治疗提供新的生物治疗模式,通过预防毛细胞死亡、调控毛细胞分化和再生、基因操纵、干细胞移植、RNA干扰等手段而恢复内耳功能.耳聋基因治疗体现了多学科联合发展的要求及求异性思维的重要性,但仍面临诸多问题,从哲学的角度思考及正确对待耳聋基因治疗,必将有利于促进该技术最终服务于人类.     

论19世纪生物学主义的社会理论

论１９世纪生物学主义的社会理论黎桦（一）１９世纪自然科学──主要是生物学──的新发展为现代社会科学中系统思潮的形成提供了具有深刻影响的理论背景。科学史学家Ｗ．Ｃ．丹皮尔指出，在１９世纪科学的飞跃进步中，从物理学到生物学和生命现象的兴趣转移“最有效地扩...     

神经伦理学的兴起

20世纪中叶以后,伴随着生物学革命和实验技术的进步,科学的目光开始投向大脑和人类认识的秘密。脑科学、认知科学以及认知神经科学等神经科学学科群就此诞生,并获得突飞猛进的发展,潜在地重塑着人类对自我与世界的理解。人类已经能够深入改善自身的脑功能,这将强有力地重塑历     

大学生思维训练实践研究立项申请报告

随着人类科学技术的进步和社会发展，关于思维及其相关领域的研究在20世纪，特别是近二三十年间获得了巨大的进展，其发展速度之快，获得成果之多都是前所未有的。思维研究已成为人类科学中最为活跃的前沿领域之一。因此，有权威机构预测，思维科学将是21世纪     

自杀的生物学性质探索

考虑到酵母的适应性自杀、动物界的类自杀现象、人类社会普遍存在自杀的事实及目前对于自杀行为生物学机制的探索认识,提出自杀行为可能在生物界具有普遍性,并且还可能具有一定进化上的适应意义.在漫长进化中获得的人类强大自我意识对于自杀行为起消长性作用,但似乎这种强大自我意识并不能彻底压制自杀行为,也不能把人类顽固的自杀行为完全归咎于这种强大的自我意识.人类自杀行为可能具有深刻的生物学根源.     

自杀的生物学性质探索

考虑到酵母的适应性自杀、动物界的类自杀现象、人类社会普遍存在自杀的事实及目前对于自杀行为生物学机制的探索认识,提出自杀行为可能在生物界具有普遍性,并且还可能具有一定进化上的适应意义。在漫长进化中获得的人类强大自我意识对于自杀行为起消长性作用,但似乎这种强大自我意识并不能彻底压制自杀行为,也不能把人类顽固的自杀行为完全归咎于这种强大的自我意识。人类自杀行为可能具有深刻的生物学根源。     

高新科技与现代人的心理健康

20世纪是现代科学技术高度发展的世纪。高新科技在给人类带来诸多好处和利益的同时,也产生了许多负效应,给人类的生存与发展带来了危机。现代人对高新科学技术的恶性膨胀,产生了恐怖、逆反心理和悲观情绪。我们该如何应对高新科技对现代人心理健康造成的威胁? 现代科技革命就像一把双刃剑,一方面导致生产方式的变革、社会文明的进步,丰富了人类的物质生活和精神生活,另一方面也带来了威胁人类前景的全球问题——人口爆炸、资源枯竭、粮食     

《人的前景》

当前,人的问题,特别是人与自然的关系问题,已成为全球性问题之一。现代国际哲学界和社会学界掀起了研究人的问题的热潮,这一方面是由于先进的科学技术大大增强了人的创造力,使人作为首要的生产力和社会历史发展进程的主体作用显得更加突出,另一方面,在社会制度存在着种种缺陷的条件下,科学技术的发展对人自身的存在和发展已经产生或将要产生某种消极影响。诸如,生态平衡的破坏正在日益严重地威胁着人类的生存环境;现代生物学的创立与发展,尤其是遗传工程的诞生,冷冻精子库的出现,试管婴儿的诞生,使人类开始直接干预自身的生物进化,这引起了一系列的道德问题;在资本主义条件下,科学技术的进步反而造成了对人的精神压抑,人的个性丧失,心理病蔓延,等等。总之,现代科学技术革命触及到人的活动的一切领域,深刻地改变了人的生存条件,既增强了人对自然的统治力量,又使得这种力量有可能摆脱人的     

耳聋儿童

对耳聋儿童发展和教育的研究工作,向来甚为薄弱。但是,近年来出现了一股有助于更好地教育耳聋者和听力有困难者的热潮和积极研究的倾向。如1981年1月在罗马举行的国际会议上,美国加劳德特聋人学院院长爱德华·梅里尔所作的报告中,用“混乱的过去令人鼓午的现在”描绘了聋童教育的状况。在每一种与耳聋有关的专业学科里,因为存在着不同的理论,以至给一个简单的概念下定义也是不容易的。耳科学家所关心的是耳损伤的部位或病理,而听力学家所关心的是对于听觉刺激的个别反应以及为有利于交际而需要扩大的刺激总量。另一方面,心理学家     

The genetics of deafness

Deafness is an etiologically heterogeneous trait with many known genetic and environmental causes. Genetic factors account for at least half of all cases of profound congenital deafness, and can be classified by the mode of inheritance and the presence or absence of characteristic clinical features that may permit the diagnosis of a specific form of syndromic deafness. The identification of more than 120 independent genes for deafness has provided profound new insights into the pathophysiology of hearing, as well as many unexpected surprises. Although a large number of genes can clearly cause deafness, recessive mutations at a single locus, GJB2 or Connexin 26, account for more than half of all genetic cases in some, but not all populations. The high frequency may well be related to the greatly improved social, educational, and economic circumstances of the deaf that began with the introduction of sign language 300-400 years ago, along with a high frequency of marriages among the deaf in many countries. Similar mechanisms may account for the rapid fixation of genes for speech after the first mutations appeared 50,000-100,000 years ago. Molecular studies have shown that mutations involving several different loci may be the cause for the same form of syndromic deafness. Even within a single locus, different mutations can have profoundly different effects, leading to a different pattern of inheritance in some cases, or isolated hearing loss without the characteristic syndromic features in others. Most cases of genetic deafness result from mutations at a single locus, but an increasing number of examples are being recognized in which recessive mutations at two loci are involved. For example, digenic interactions are now known to be an important cause of deafness in individuals who carry a single mutation at the Connexin 26 locus along with a deletion involving the functionally related Connexin 30 locus. This mechanism complicates genetic evaluation and counseling, but provides a satisfying explanation for Connexin 26 heterozygotes who, for previously unknown reasons, are deaf. A specific genetic diagnosis can sometimes be of great clinical importance, as in the case of the mitochondrial A1555G mutation which causes gene carriers to be exquisitely sensitive to the ototoxic effects of aminoglycosides. This potentially preventable genetic-environmental interaction was the most common cause of genetic deafness in countries where these antibiotics were used indiscriminately in the past. Advances in genetic knowledge along with the use of cochlear implants have posed unique ethical dilemmas for society as well as the deaf community. Since most deaf children are born to hearing parents, it seems likely that deaf culture, and intermarriages among those born with deafness will recede during this century. Will future critics view this as one of the medical triumphs of the 21(st) Century, or as an egregious example of cultural genocide? On the other hand, genetics can provide empowering knowledge to the deaf community that for the first time can allow many deaf couples to know whether their children will be hearing or deaf even before they are conceived.     

PCR技术的传奇诞生与发展

通过介绍ＰＣＲ技术富有传奇色彩的诞生和发展过程以及它对分子生物学乃至整个生命科学界产生的巨大作用,可以看到分子生物学的发展和进步时刻离不开创造性思维,其中的每一项新发明和新理论都是创造性思维的外现或物化,充分体现出它是科学技术革命的先导。作为分子生物学工作者,对现阶段的专业理论和技术不能盲从,只有善于思考、勤于动手、富于创新,才能在分子生物学这片创造性思维的沃土上实现人生价值,迎接新的生命科学世纪的到来     

Bridging science and religion in China: Emerging opportunities for global dialogue 1

The development of the science and religion dialogue in the past two decades has been phenomenal. Until now, the dialogue between science and religion has mainly been a dialogue within the Abrahamic faith traditions, but in the spirit of true dialogue, it should also extend to worldviews from other cultures. Scientism has one of its strongest footholds in China and has dominated Chinese intellectual culture for nearly a century. In fact, science and technology still rule supreme today. An atheistic communist rule, together with a humanistic Confucianist tradition that leaves little room for religious values, has suppressed religion in China for a long while. The introduction of science and religion dialogue will inevitably help Chinese scholars reflect upon the development of science and technology in China, and in the process, rediscover China's religious heritage and gain new grounds in its scientific and religious life. A meaningful science and religion dialogue is necessary for a pluralistic, postmodern world—and for China.     

I Like You More if I Think You Like Me: The Effect of Metastereotypes on Attitudes Toward People With Deafness

In the present article we aimed at investigating the role of metastereotypes and gender on hearing people’s attitudes towards people with deafness. Ninety-six Italian hearing adults participated in a 2 × 2 experimental study. Participants were presented with the results of a fictitious but apparently real survey concerning the opinions people with deafness have of hearing people. Metastereotypes (positive vs. negative) were manipulated through this presentation. Results showed that metastereotypes interacted with participants’ gender in determining their attitudes towards people with deafness: when positive metastereotypes were activated, women’s attitudes appeared more favorable toward people with deafness if compared to the negative metastereotypes condition. No effect of metastereotypes was observed among male participants. In conclusion, the activation of metastereotypes can be a useful means in intervening to improve attitudes toward people with deafness.     

现代科学技术与角膜屈光性手术的发展

通过回顾角膜屈光性手术的发展历史,从中可以看出角膜屈光性手术的发展过程是一个实践－认识－再实践－再认识的过程,相关学科的进步以及新科技的引进,是认识的不深化以及实践的理论和物质基础,激光,电子计算机,材料学及制作工艺等现代科学技术的进步在角膜炎屈光性手术发生中起了决定性的作用。     

肿瘤具有两面性吗

对于患者本身而言,肿瘤往往具有极大的危害性。但是正如砒霜,这昔日毒物品的代表,其提取物三氧化二砷已成功地用来治疗白血病,显示了大自然的一个规律－事物是具有两两性的。那私肿瘤,在其严重影响人类健康的同时,是否也具有可被加以利用的一面呢？初步探讨了这种可能性,并探讨了其应用前景、可能的一些应用领域及注意事项。     

科学是中医的“紧箍咒”吗？——中医与科学相关问题的思考

中医的科学属性近年来备受争论,从辩证哲学、科学观念、中医的人文哲学特色等角度剖析中医的哲学内涵和科学隶属,澄清观念,得出结论,中医本身就是一门人文与科学交融的古代科学,传统文化与现代科技的互融互动,合而不同,新世纪发展中医的认识观需要与时俱进。     

多频稳态诱发电位在伪聋鉴别诊断中的应用

探讨多频稳态诱发电位在伪聋鉴别诊断中的作用。门诊就诊的外伤后主诉单耳听力损伤者41例及正常听力者20例（40耳）,对两组患者分剐进行纯音听阈测试和多频稳态诱发电位测试,对测试结果进行比较。纯音听阈测试结果两组比较有统计学差异（P〈0．01）,多频稳态诱发电位测试结果两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,提示患者为伪聋。...     

当今医学科技的发展趋势及我国的发展战略

作为生命科学最重要组成部分的医学科学走向科技发展的新时代。在下个世纪,科研重点将向生命科学和生命医学转移。充分认识医学科学技术的地位和作用,及当代医学科技发展的主要趋势和特点,制定我国医学科学的发展战略,加强医学高技术的发展,对我国的医学科技发展将具有十分重要的意义。     

Hypnotic deafness: a psychophysical study of responses to tone intensity as modified by hypnosis.

Hypnotic deafness was suggested for 1000 Hz tones presented in random orders at seven intensities between 17 and 70 db. Subjects were 70 college students stratified into four levels of hypnotic susceptibility, ranging from low to high. Four conditions were presented within a single session. Two conditions tested normal hearing, one in waking and one in hypnosis; two tested reported loudness of the tones as reduced by hypnotic suggestion. The method of magnitude estimation was employed. Hearing reduction was found to correlate .59 with hypnotic susceptibility in the total sample. Few high hypnotizables reduced their hearing to zero; their mean residual hearing during the deafness conditions was 55% of normal. Power functions for the relationship between tone intensity and magnitude estimates for conditions of normal hearing and deafness were found to be relatively parallel and orderly, differing primarily in intercept value. Order effect anomalies are discussed. The "hidden observer" method showed that for 4 of the 70 subjects the covert hearing was found to be at least 20% greater than that reported overtly within hypnotic deafness and approached normal hearing. As in our previous hypnotic analgesia research, not all subjects who reduced their hearing significantly gave subsequent covert reports which differed from reported overt hearing. Discussion is given for evidence of two levels of information processing during hypnotically suggested perceptual distortions.