糖尿病诊治的思路扩展——从抑郁症与糖尿病的关系谈起

许多内科疾病均合并抑郁症（Ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ）,糖尿病（ＤｉａｂｅｔｅｓＭｅｌｌｉｔｕｓ）也不例外［１～３］。一般认为,糖尿病人中约有１／４合并抑郁症,高于一般人群。同时,抑郁症可引起血糖控制不良和治疗配合程度的下降。因此,识别和治疗糖尿病人的抑郁症对于病人精神症状的改善有重要意义,对糖尿病本身也至关重要。１　糖尿病与抑郁症的关系对２０项研究进行综合分析,对照研究中糖尿病人出现重症忧郁症者高达２１．８％～６０．０％（平均３２－４％）,无对照研究中为１０．０％～２８．０％（平均为１９．６％）。对…     

支气管哮喘危险因素的系统分析

支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）是当今世界上最常见的慢性病、多发病之一,也是呼吸系统主要的心身疾病。对我国儿童哮喘的调查显示其患病率约为０．５％～２％,个别地区高达５％～１０％。全国至少有千万以上的哮喘患者,全世界有１亿以上的哮喘病患者。近几年来,美国、澳大利...     

与立体视觉相关的视诱发电位研究

在微机上编制能产生动态随机点立体图（ＤＲＤＳ）,亮暗类棋盘格和随机点背景三种图形刺激的软件．记录了３４例正常人在这三种刺激下的ＶＢＰ．其结果为：（１）ＤＲＤＳ刺激下的ＶＥＰＮ１波潜伏期为２６５±２５ｍｓ,基波能量占总交流能量的６３．２±１８．９％．（２）亮暗类棋盘格刺激下的ＶＥＰＮ１波的潜伏期为１９０±２２ｍｓ,基波能量占总交流能量的３９．２±１９．６％．（３）随机点背景刺激下的ＶＥＰ波则为一些杂乱的小波．结果提示：动态ＲＤＳ刺激下的ＶＥＰ除在潜伏期方面具有特异性外,并在谐波的能量分布上也具有特异性,且客观性更强．根据这些特征有助于对立体视觉功能进行客观性评价．     

HIV导致AIDS？：浅谈假说方法在AIDS病因学研究中的运用

ＨＩＶ导致ＡＩＤＳ？———浅谈假说方法在ＡＩＤＳ病因学研究中的运用湖南医科大学临床微生物学和免疫学教研室研究生（长沙４１００７８）钱骏导师查国章ＡＩＤＳ（获得性免疫缺陷综合征）,又称艾滋病。它是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ）引起,以全身免疫系统严重损害...     

初中词汇理解能力量表的编制

应用项目反应理论为初中各年级编制了词汇理解能力的测验,其中包含了１４３个多项选择的词汇项目,经过反复预测和大规模的正式测试,证关了这三个测验的量表拟全于２ＰＬ模型,项目特征曲线拟合度良好的项目占全体项目数９０％以上,能力的一维性也得以确认,经等值化后,各年级的区分度均值分别为０．６１（初一）,０．５９（初二）,０．５５（初三）难度均值分别为－１．６１,－１．３０,－０．５６。     

新疆生产建设兵团某综合性大学2007年新生乙型肝炎病毒感染现状分析

为了解本校2007级新生乙肝病毒感染情况,为今后在高校开展乙型肝炎防治工作提供科学依据,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法,检测我校2007级入校新生的HBsAg及HBsAg阳性者的“乙肝病毒血清学检验”指标。结果显示2007级新生HBsAg阳性率为6．7％,男、女生阳性率分别为8．18％,4．13％,男女之间差异有统计学意义;汉族学生HBsAg阳性率高于其他少数民族学生;新生HBsAg阳性模式中以HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb和HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb模式为主,分别占41．24％和48．02％。因此,在人口密集的高校学生中应通过多种途径加强乙肝的预防治疗及宣传工作。     

中泰两国的佛教文化交流

泰国位于中南半岛的中部,东南与柬埔寨接壤,南邻泰国湾,西邻缅甸,东北以湄公河为界,与老挝毗邻。全国面积为５１．４万平方公里,人口约６２００万。绝大部分是汉藏语系的民族,约占总人口的９２．７％;其次是南岛语系民族,占４％;南亚语系民族占３．７％。在汉藏语系民族中,泰语族人口占泰国总人口的８１％,华人在人数上仅次于泰族,占泰国总人口的１２．１％。泰国官方文字为泰文,它是借用高棉字母创造于公元１３世纪,而高棉字母最早则来源于南印度的一种文字。泰国的“泰”,在泰语中是“自由”的意思,泰国人称自己的国家为…     

量词模态逻辑的代数语义学_(Ⅳ,下)──关于含Barcan公式的非正规模态系统情形

４。包含对称公理之另外６个系统以及一个递增系统列。我们称Ｔ．ＡＡ为对称公理（σ）。首先有下述定理;定理６。设Ｕ＝〈Ｗ,Ｑ,Ｒ,Ｄ,Ｖ〉为一模型结构,则当Ｒ在Ｗ－Ｑ上为对称的时（σ）在Ｕ上有效。证。设Ｕ为对称的,ｉ．ｅ,关系Ｒ在Ｗ—Ｑ上为对称的。（１）考虑ｗＷ－Ｑ今证亦即,此处用到　对任何。设Ｖ（Ａ,ｗ）＝０,则（＊）显然成立,故设（＊＊）Ｖ（Ａ,ｗ）＝１今证,即对任何,ｗ＇Ｗ只要ｗ＇Ｒｗ’即有。Ｖ（Ａ,ｗ＇）分两情形：ｉ）若ｗ＇Ｑ,则显然后一等式成立,则因Ｒ在Ｗ－Ｑ上为对称,可知有,故由（＊＊）…     

游梵蒂冈

在罗马市西北角，容纳了世界上一个著名的特殊国家－梵蒂冈（Ｃｉｔｔａｄｅｌ Ｖａｔｉｃａｎｏ）。 教廷是天主教会的最高的机构，梵蒂冈则是罗马教廷所在地。这个国家面积０．４４平方公里，人口约１０００人。梵蒂冈国土有限，但其影响却遍及地球，约有１０亿多天主教信徒居住在世界各地。每当元旦或其它重要宗教节日时，世界各地的几十万、几百万教徒来此顶礼膜拜。 梵蒂冈以圣彼得（Ｐ．Ｚ．Ｏ．Ｓ．Ｐｉｅｔｒｏ）广场为中心，正中是圣彼得堡大教堂，左面是规模宏大的旅馆，右面是梵蒂冈博物馆、图书馆和美术馆。圣彼得是耶稣的第一…     

不用联结词和量词的一阶逻辑系统

不用联结词和量词的一阶逻辑系统张清宇在文〔２〕中,我们建立了不用联结词的经典命题逻辑系统。本文将继续这一工作,充分发挥括号的作用,建立不用联结词和量词的一阶逻辑系统。一、一阶语言一阶逻辑所用的形式语言叫作一阶语言。下面先列出它们共有的初始符号,然后在定义中给出它们相互间可能相异的初始符号。一阶语言共有的初始符号有以下几类：（１）恒真命题符和命题符：Ｔ;Ｐ０,Ｐ１,Ｐ２,…,Ｐｎ,…;ｎ为非负整数。Ｔ指恒真命题,命题符的全体记为｛Ｐ０,Ｐ１,Ｐ２,…,Ｐｎ,…｝记为ＶＰ。（２）变元符：ｖ０,ｖ１,…     

盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病流行特征分析

分析盘锦市艾滋病瘦情流行特征,为预防控制提供依据.对盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病瘦情数及流行病学调查资料进行统计分析.结果盘锦市2005年～2013年累计报告HIV/AIDS 127例,病例逐年上升,男性显著高于女性,发病年龄以20岁～44岁的青壮年,未婚占54.88％,感染途径以性途径为主,占95.28％,男男同性占61.42％,病例主要发现途径为医疗机构的检测及疾控机构的检测咨询.因此,盘锦市的艾滋病瘦情呈上升趋势,以性传播途径为主,尤其是男男同性增加明显.     

盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病流行特征分析

分析盘锦市艾滋病瘦情流行特征,为预防控制提供依据.对盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病瘦情数及流行病学调查资料进行统计分析.结果盘锦市2005年～2013年累计报告HIV/AIDS 127例,病例逐年上升,男性显著高于女性,发病年龄以20岁～44岁的青壮年,未婚占54.88％,感染途径以性途径为主,占95.28％,男男同性占61.42％,病例主要发现途径为医疗机构的检测及疾控机构的检测咨询.因此,盘锦市的艾滋病瘦情呈上升趋势,以性传播途径为主,尤其是男男同性增加明显.     

经济态度和行为的代际传递现象及机制

经济态度和行为存在从父母向孩子的代际传递现象, 经济态度代际传递的研究内容较为广泛, 包括金钱态度、风险态度、互惠态度和消费态度, 经济行为代际传递的研究主要集中在消费行为、捐赠行为和储蓄行为三个方面。除了遗传路径, 其代际传递有两条社会化路径: 孩子对父母的观察学习和亲子互动, 其中亲子互动包含亲子沟通和财务教养两个层面, 亲子沟通强调语言层面的互动, 而财务教养强调行为层面的互动, 但是财务教养的研究仅停留在表面, 缺乏深入的剖析。未来需要加强中国文化和现实背景下的代际传递现象研究, 并深入探讨其机制。     

Generation to Generation: Passing on Religious and Spiritual Beliefs and Practices

Many families face difficulties in maintaining healthy relationships. Past research has identified that religious and/or spiritual beliefs and practices can enhance family well-being. Research has also shown that religious and/or beliefs and practices can shape the aging process. Yet there exists little information on the methods through which religious and/or spiritual beliefs are passed on to future generations. This study utilized Eriksonian conceptual ideas, and grounded theory methods to conduct interviews with 13 older adults on the process through which religious and/or spiritual beliefs are passed on to children and grandchildren. Ideas are discussed for practitioners based on study findings.     

Social learning of food types in zebra finches (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Taenopygia guttata</Emphasis>) is directed by demonstrator sex and feeding activity

In this study we examined how social learning of feeding preferences by zebra finches was affected by the identity of different demonstrators. We presented adult zebra finches with two demonstrators, one male and one female, that exhibited different food choices, and we recorded their subsequent preference when given a choice between the two food types. Previously it was found that young zebra finches' patterns of social learning are affected by the sex of the individual demonstrating a feeding behaviour. This result could be explained by the lack of exposure these animals had to the opposite sex, or by their mating status. Therefore, we investigated the social learning preferences of adult mated zebra finches. We found the same pattern of directed social learning of a different type of feeding behaviour (food colour): female zebra finches preferred the colour of food eaten by male demonstrators, whereas male zebra finches showed little evidence of any preference for the colour of food eaten by female demonstrators. Furthermore, we found that female observers' preferences were biased by demonstrators' relative feeding activity: the female demonstrator was only ever preferred if it ate less than its male counterpart. Electronic Publication     

Cross-generational transmission of aggressive parent behavior: a prospective,mediational examination

The intergenerational transmission of aggressive parenting behavior was examined within the context of a prospective longitudinal study of adolescent and young adult adjustment. Thirty-nine young adults (G2; 33 females, 6 males) who had participated in early phases of this study with their parents (G1) continued their involvement with their young children (G3; 17 females, 22 males, mean age = 2.6) several years later. Data included direct observation of parent–adolescent (G1–G2) and parent–child (G2–G3) interactions as well as self-reports. Analyses demonstrated directly observed cross-generational continuity in aggressive parenting from G1 to G2 some 6–7 years later. However, the results also showed that adolescent aggressive behavior served as the mediational link reducing the direct path from G1 to G2 aggressive parenting to nonsignificant levels. The results are consistent with a social interactional model of intergenerational continuity of parenting behavior.     

Evidence of the climb motion of a Shockley partial during glide at room temperature

A dissociated dislocation introduced by compression at room temperature in a Ag-15at.%Al alloy was studied comprehensively by the weak-beam method. In addition to the two Shockley partials of the dissociated dislocation, faint contrasts were observed near the Shockley partial with pure edge orientation. Contrast experiment was carried out on the faint contrast, and we conclude that this is evidence for the interaction between an edge-orientated Shockley partial moving under the action of an applied stress and vacancies at room temperature.     

以“八卦”为途径的声誉传播及其对合作行为的影响

声誉是人类的合作行为产生和维持的基石,但由于人与人之间的互动所提供的声誉信息有限,如何准确有效地传播声誉成为促进合作的另一个难题。因此,研究者们提出“八卦”可能是声誉传播的重要途径之一。作为一种间接的传播方式,“八卦”如何促进人类合作？其是否是一种准确有效的声誉传播途径？本文从八卦信息的传播者、接收者和八卦对象的角度对以上的问题进行了论述。在合作情景中,传播者乐意对他人的声誉信息进行传播,特别是背叛者的声誉信息,以帮助潜在的受害者;信息的接收者认可传递声誉信息的八卦,并且利用八卦信息辨别合作者,决定与八卦对象的合作行为;八卦同样能够有效地威慑八卦对象,促使八卦对象表现出更高的合作水平。未来的研究应该关注传播者的互惠动机、接收者对信息的主动寻求以及实际发生的八卦对八卦对象的影响,并开展声誉传播的神经机制研究。     

Christians and Muslims in Southeast Asia: Attitudes Inherited,Transmitted, Consolidated and Challenged

ABSTRACT

Christians and Muslims have been interacting to varying degrees in Southeast Asia since the fifteenth century. The formative phase of the relationship between the two drew to some extent on attitudes inherited from other regions and other eras. Because of this, narratives of suspicion and hostility have been evident from the earliest interactions up to the present. However, towards the end of the European colonial era, more open and tolerant attitudes were expressed in various literary records, providing the foundations for greater mutual acceptance in the twentieth century.     

Acquisition and Transmission of Tool Making and Use for Drinking Juice in a Group of Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

The present study examined the acquisition and transmission of tool making and use in a group of chimpanzees. We set up a piece of apparatus that provided orange juice in an outdoor compound for a group of nine chimpanzees. Although they could reach the juice with their hands, eight of the nine subjects used tools. Fifteen kinds of tools in total were used, such as straw, twigs, and some kinds of leaves. The chimpanzees showed high selectivity with regard to tool type. They preferred to use Thuja occidentalis as a tool although there were 28 species of tree and several kinds of grass available in the compound. Two females initiated the use of the Thuja tool. Since then, five other individuals have begun to use it selectively. Before making the tools by themselves, these five chimpanzees first watched others using the Thuja tool for drinking juice, and then used the Thuja tool which had been used and left by another chimpanzee.