人类平均寿命的发展趋势及对策

端粒是真核生物染色体末端由许多简单重复序列和相关蛋白组成的复合结构,具有维持染色体结构完整性的作用。端粒有随着细胞分裂次数增加而逐渐减少的趋势。端粒酶是一种逆转录酶,以以自身ＲＮＡ为模板,合成端粒重复序列,加对新合成ＤＮＡ链末端,以维持染色体端粒长度的稳定性。     

立体结构特异性逆翻译酶与免疫信号的传递

分子遗传学中心法则提示,遗传信息由蛋白质向ＤＮＡ的输入过程在蛋白质和ＲＮＡ之间是断开的。而获得性特异性免疫反应的产生却意味着机体遇到外来抗原入侵后存在信息增加的过程。本文由此假设：１存在立体结构特异性逆翻译酶,介导信息由蛋白质向ＲＮＡ的传递;２特异性免疫应答形成过程中,逆翻译酶按外来抗原的空间结构合成针对外来抗原的基因片段,是免疫特异性形成的核心     

端粒酶作为肿瘤诊断指标及治疗方法的发现和意义

端粒酶作为肿瘤诊断指标及治疗方法的发现和意义第一军医大学硕士研究生（广州５１０５１５）吴翔朱冰导师杨光彩一、端粒酶的发现和发展端粒（ｔｅｌｏｍｅｒｅ）是真核染色体的物理末端，端粒在染色体的末端提供了一个保护性的“帽”。研究表明：端粒至少有两个功能，稳...     

端粒酶抑制剂与肿瘤治疗

端粒和端粒酶的发现比较早 ,但是只是在近几年对它们的研究才相对重视了起来 ,尤其是发现了端粒酶在肿瘤中的相对特异而广泛的表达。以后 ,人们更是致力于发现新的特异的端粒酶抑制剂 ,以期能为肿瘤的治疗打开一条通路。1　端粒酶与肿瘤发生1 1　端粒长度的调节研究发现在端粒上结合有两种蛋白质。第一种端粒结合蛋白 (ｔｅｌｏｍｅｒｅｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ＴＢＰ)是一种特异结合在端粒ＤＮＡ上的蛋白质。其中四膜虫的ＴＢＰ的晶体结构已比较清楚 ,它由α、β两个亚单位组成 ,两者构成一沟槽容纳并结合端粒 3’的Ｇ4 Ｔ4 Ｇ4 序…     

肿瘤基因治疗的核酶策略

核酶是一类具有酶活性的ＲＮＡ分子可序列特异性定点切割靶ＲＮＡ。与目前所用反义ＲＮＡ比较,具有封闭和切割双重作用的特点,从而在分子水平和细胞水平真正实现了对失控基因有害基因表达的有效阻断。     

从核酶的发现到应用看人类对自然的认识过程

从核酶的发现到应用看人类对自然的认识过程第一军医大学（５１０５１５）周辰一、ＲＮＡ酶学功能的阐明过程及核酶的概念具有催化功能的ＲＮＡ（ＣａｔａｌｖｔｉｃＲＮＡ）最初是由Ｃｅｃｈ领导的研究小组发现的。它们在研究四膜虫核糖体ＲＮＡ前体的成熟过程中发现,在...     

RNA生命起源学说的佐证与思考

ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质是组成生物体的重要的生物大分子，但关于何者是生命的起源，至今众说纷纭。近来的研究表明，ＲＮＡ可能是生命的起源。本文简述了有关此学说的一些主要证据，并就其中的一些问题进行了讨论。     

反义RNA与肿瘤基因治疗

以逆转录病毒载体表达的反义ＲＮＡ技术已活跃于肿瘤研究及基因治疗领域，它为了解肿瘤的发生机制并从基因水平上根治肿瘤提出了一种可能的途径。反义ＲＮＡ是利用碱基互补原理，通过载体的介导特异性封闭或阻断有害基因的表达，从而达到治疗肿瘤的目的。它的发现和应用展示了人们的科学思维过程和哲学思想。但逆转录病毒作为载体的基因治疗具有两重性，只有充分认识并不断地改进，才能使基因治疗更趋完善。     

端粒酶的调控在肿瘤治疗中的启示

1　端粒酶与肿瘤的关系早在 1990年 ,人们就注意到端粒酶与肿瘤的关系。在人体内 ,正常的体细胞因缺乏端粒酶活性 ,随着细胞的分裂 ,端粒持续丢失 ,直到细胞死亡。而在具有永生性的细胞株中 ,存在着极高的端粒酶活性 ,端粒酶对端粒的不断合成 ,使端粒的长度保持稳定 ,细胞获得无限的增殖能力 ,进而发展成为肿瘤。自 1994年Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｏｐｈｅｒ等人发现 ,体外癌细胞株及人体的卵巢癌都有端粒酶活性的高表达以来 ,迄今已积累了较多的资料。目前的研究资料表明 ,端粒酶几乎在人类恶性肿瘤中均有不同程度的高表达 ,其活性的检出率为 85%～ 95…     

从端粒和端粒酶探析冥想对压力的缓解作用

冥想是一种维持自我注意的身心调节技术,是缓解因压力所致的抑郁、焦虑等消极情绪的有效方法。端粒是维持染色体稳定和完整的DNA片段,大量有关冥想对端粒及端粒酶活性影响的研究阐明,通常情况下压力人群经过冥想训练能提高端粒长度并增加端粒酶活性,这种改变与压力缓解密切相关。这一积极效果主要得益于皮质醇和炎症等生物因素及心理和环境等非生物因素。未来可以通过对比不同冥想练习的效果、增加追踪研究、多学科联合及扩大样本等找到最有利于提高端粒长度和端粒酶活性的冥想方式。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.