大学生皮肤电反应、MMPI及其关系的初步研究

应用日产Ｓａｎ－ｅｉｌＡ９７Ａ型脑电图机及ＭＭＰＩ（中国版本）对２６名大学生进行了皮肤电反应记录及人格特征的测查。结果表明：（１）普通大学生中皮电基础水平个体差异十分明显。（２）皮电平均每分钟自发波动次数与ＭＭＰＩ中的Ｄ、Ｓｉ、Ｍａｓ、Ｃｎ呈显著正相关,与Ｌ、Ｋ呈显著负相关。皮电平均每分钟自发波动幅度与Ｆ、Ｄ、Ｍａｓ呈显著正相关;与Ｌ呈显著负相关。（３）皮电基础水平高组与低组在Ｌ、Ｓｉ、Ｍａｓ之Ｔ分上的差异达显著水平。（４）习惯化倾向差组与优组在Ｋ、Ｓｔ、ＭａｓＴ分的差异有显著意义,差组与中组在Ｓｉ、ＣｎＴ分上有显著性差异。（５）习惯化倾向差组皮电基础水平较高;优组皮电基础水平较低,两组差异达显著水平。     

大学生A型行为类型及其学业情绪特点

用A型行为类型量表和大学生一般学业情绪问卷对218名大学生进行了调查。结果发现：被调查大学生中A型行为者（A和A^-）约占25％。大学生的学业情绪以正性情绪为主,A型行为者的比例和学业情绪的得分在性别、年级、专业变量上无显著差异。不同行为类型者学业情绪的特点：B型者（B或B^-）的羞愧、气愤、厌烦、焦虑、自豪、希望、愉快情绪均明显低于A型者（A或A^-）;B型者（B或B^-）的羞愧、气愤情绪明显低于极端中间型者;TH得分高者负性情绪多而不能放松;CH得分高的学生既有羞愧和气愤,又有自豪和希望。     

ACCEPTANCE AND EXPECTATION OF SEXUAL AGGRESSION IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

This study examines college students' acceptance and expectations of sexual aggression in common dating situations. Five hundred and forty-six college students completed a measure of rape acceptance beliefs to explore the "campus climate" regarding sexual assault. Results suggest that consensus on definitions of unacceptable behavior in dating situations is emerging: young college men and women overwhelmingly rejected the use of violent and coercive behavior. A surprisingly high number, however, expected this type of behavior in a variety of situations, for example, on dates involving the use of drugs or alcohol. Women's expectations of sexual aggression generally surpassed men's. Yet, in several situations, participants, regardless of their gender, expected the use of verbal threats of harm in order to obtain intercourse. Students expected the use of force to obtain sexual intercourse the least. Results are discussed in relation to the reporting behavior of sexual assault victims and the development of primary prevention techniques.     

大学生孤独感、应对策略与气质类型的关系

采用问卷法以453名大学生为被试研究了孤独感、孤独感应对策略与气质类型的关系。结果表明：大学生在孤独感总分、孤独感和孤独应对策略及气质类型各维度上存在性别、城乡、专业差异;大学生孤独感各维度与其气质类型以及3种类型的孤独感应对策略得分间呈不同程度的相关;气质类型、孤独应对策略因子对孤独感,以及气质类型、孤独感各因子对孤独应对策略分别构成显著回归效应。     

ASPECTS OF SCHEMATA AND SYNTAX IN FIFTH GRADE CHILDREN'S INFERENTIAL READING COMPREHENSION OF CAUSAL RELATIONS

Seventy‐five urban middle class fifth grade children of average and above average reading ability served as subjects in an experiment designed to determine the effects of passage content (schemata) and syntactic structure (clause order) on inferential comprehension of causal structures. Subjects were presented with twelve passages varying in semantic level (easy vs. hard, based on congruence with childhood schemata background) and clause order for the target causal structure (cause‐effect vs. effect‐cause). Subjects were asked to specify the implied meaning of the target structure. An analysis of variance for the randomized block factorial design yielded significant effects for subject variability and semantic content. Although the syntactic variable was not significant, proportions correct suggested a trend favoring the clause order of cause‐effect. An interaction between the variables was not confirmed. The findings are discussed in terms of the roles of schemata and syntax in an interactive model of reading.     

大学生的压力与心理健康

目的是探讨大学校园压力对大学生心理健康的影响。其意义在于根据压力与心理健康的不同关系,有的放矢地制定干预策略,使大学生在压力之下仍然能够保持心理健康。大学校园压力被定义为学习压力,个人压力和消极生活事件,并由相应的量表所测量。心理健康被定义为：一般健康状况和自尊,也由相应的量表所测量。研究问题是：（1）大学校园压力对大学生的心理健康是否有负面影响？（2）学习压力对大学生的心理健康是否有负面影响？（3）个人压力对大学生的心理健康是否有负面影响？（4）消极生活事件对大学生的心理健康是否有负面影响？同时建立了4个相应的理论假设。研究所采用的是横断和相关设计原则,并采用回溯性调查问卷方法对来自北京市3所高校的788名大学生进行了研究。研究结果证明了全部4个理论假设。研究结论是：大学校园压力对大学生的心理健康有负面影响,而与心理问题呈正相关     

THE ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN SCALE AND ATTITUDE CHANGE IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

To determine cohort changes in gender-role attitudes, responses to the 15-item form of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS; Spence & Helmreich, 1972a, 1978) were compared for students at the same university tested in 1972, 1976, 1980, and 1992. In both males and females, members of the 1992 cohort were the most egalitarian, and members of the 1972 cohort were the least egalitarian. In all groups, women were significantly less traditional in their attitudes than men. As has been found in previous studies, detailed analyses of the data from the 1992 cohort revealed that the scale was unifactorial, but that the score distributions were skewed. There was also some indication of ceiling effects at the egalitarian end of the scale, particularly in women. The implications of these latter results for the usefulness of the AWS in current research were explored.     

NON-HYPNOTIC EXPERIENCES RELATED TO HYPNOTIZABILITY IN MALE AND FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS

Ås, A. Non-hypnotic experiences related to hypnotizability in male and female college students. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1962, 3 , 112–131.—Some recent research on the relation between subjective experiences and hypnotic susceptibility is reviewed. In a male sample of 50 subjects significant correlations between scores on the Experience Inventory and hypnotizability were found. A cross-validation of composite experience scores on this sample and a female sample studied earlier gave positive results. Based on several sources of data a preliminary analysis is made of the similarities and differences between male and female students regarding experiences related to hypnotizability.     

MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE STUDENTS IN HONG KONG

The Defining Issues Test (DIT) of moral judgment by Rest was administered to 242 Chinese secondary school and university students in Hong Kong. Metric unfolding analysis on the stage scores of different groups of both sexes and various educational levels revealed that the moral development of the Chinese students were in agreement with Kohlberg's major distinctions of preconventional, conventional and postconventional levels. The sequence of stage development within the same level (e.g., between stages 5 and 6), however, was sometimes ambiguous. Results also showed that older university students were morally more mature than the younger secondary school students in their P%, D, and stages 5 and 6 scores. The applicability of DIT in the Chinese culture and the universality of Kohlberg's 6-stage model were generally supported.     

RACE AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN SEX ROLE ATTITUDES OF SOUTHERN COLLEGE STUDENTS

A sample of southern college students is used to investigate race and sex differences among nine Likert-type sex role attitudes. Results show that black and white men share a similar sex role orientation while black and white women also share a similar world view. There were only two instances where blacks were notably different from whites. First, blacks were more likely to feel that a woman's real fulfillment in life comes from motherhood, and second, blacks were more likely to feel that it was appropriate for a mother with school-age children to work.     

THEME AND TRADITION IN AESTHETICS

Professor Cua has presented a very illuminating analysis of moral attitudes and of the implications of such commitments for moral agents. While his paper is restricted to an explication of Confucian and Classical Taoist approaches to morality, it is obvious that the analysis he provides is equally applicable to Western traditions of morality. In this paper I would like to suggest that his account also serves as a useful model for elucidating certain problems in aesthetics. For the purpose of my analysis, I shall approach these problems in aesthetics from the perspective of a practicing critic who seeks to establish a reflective basis for his judgments. My discussion focuses on three issues: the distinction between ideal norm and ideal theme, the place of tradition and convention in the critic's practice, and the critic's appeal to paradigms.     

优秀幼儿教师与幼专学生性格特征的比较研究

采用Ｙ—Ｇ性格测验问卷,对优秀幼儿园教师和幼师高专学生共１５６人,进行了心理测评,展开了优秀幼儿园教师与幼师高专学生性格特征的比较研究。结果表明：幼儿教师的性格类型与其职业成就相关;Ｙ—Ｇ性格测验的Ｄ型性格类型为幼儿教师的理想性格类型;幼师高专学生与优秀幼儿园教师的性格特征间存在显著差异。整个测评研究结果,为幼师高专学校招生选拨及培养学生的工作提供心理学依据。     

上海市大中学生的心理健康及其与体育锻炼的关系

本研究利用《简式心境状态剖面图》（POMS）中国修订版和《运动力量等级量表—3》（PARS—3）,对上海市大中学生的心理健康及其与体育锻炼的关系进行了考察。结果表明：①有较高比例的学生存在着不同程度的紧张、愤怒、疲劳、抑郁和慌乱,以及较低的精力和自尊感;②体育锻炼能有效地降低紧张、愤怒、疲劳、抑郁、慌乱,提高和自尊感,③中等到较大的运动量具有更好地心理健康效应;④体育乐趣与运动坚持性具有密切的关系。     

物质主义价值观量表在大学生群体中的修订

以449名大学本科生为被试,对物质主义价值观量表（MVS）进行中文版的修订,考察其信效度指标。探索性因素分析发现,修订后的量表具有与原量表基本相同的三个维度;验证性因素分析结果显示,MVS的三因素结构拟合较好;MVS的内部一致性信度为0．792,重测信度为0．830;MVS的效标关联效度良好。表明修订后的MVS具有较好的心理测量学属性,可作为测量我国大学生物质主义价值观的工具。     

SOCIOCULTURAL INFLUENCE AND APPEARANCE-BASED REJECTION SENSITIVITY AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

The present research examined the influence of parents, peers, and the media in predicting college students' Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity (Appearance-RS)—the degree to which individuals anxiously expect to be rejected based on their physical appearance. Given that women are socialized to be more appearance-focused than men, women were hypothesized to show greater Appearance-RS in response to sociocultural influences than men. A survey was administered to 220 students at a large public university in the United States. Overall, women showed greater sensitivity to appearance rejection than men. Specifically, perceptions of peer conditional acceptance based on appearance were associated with Appearance-RS among women. In addition, the more women and men internalized media ideals and felt media pressure to look attractive, the more sensitive they were to appearance rejection. No significant effects of parental influence were found. Thus, peer conditional acceptance predicted Appearance-RS among women, and media influence predicted Appearance-RS among women and men.