共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Chad Engelland 《Continental Philosophy Review》2012,45(1):77-100
Recapitulating two recent trends in Heidegger-scholarship, this paper argues that the transcendental theme in Heidegger’s
thought clarifies and relates the two basic questions of his philosophical itinerary. The preparatory question, which belongs
to Being and Time, I.1–2, draws from the transcendental tradition to target the condition for the possibility of our openness to things: How
must we be to access entities? The preliminary answer is that we are essentially opened up ecstatically and horizonally by
timeliness. The fundamental question, which belongs to the unpublished Being and Time, I.3, and the rest of Heidegger’s path of thinking, is accessed by means of the first. In a turn of perspective, it targets
that in terms of which we relate to the givenness of being. Heidegger first attempts to handle this question using the transcendental
language of temporal horizon before happening upon the terminologically more fitting “event of appropriation” and thereafter
criticizing transcendental terms. By reconstructing the preparatory question and its reversal, we can see that Heidegger’s
later criticism of transcendence in fact relies on its initial success. The turn from timeliness to appropriation (initially
by means of transcendental temporality) happens within the domain initially disclosed by the preparatory question. 相似文献
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International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - 相似文献
4.
Qingxiong Zhang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(1):123-138
The transcendental problem that obsessed the great Western philosophers such as Kant and Husserl should be, according to Wittgenstein,
conceived as a matter of understanding a process of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from stated rules.
Once these rules, regarded as a priori categories by Kant and as eidos and eidetic relations by Husserl, are demonstrated
to be no more than the language usages or rules of language-games related to our forms of life, Kant’s transcendental idealism
and Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology no longer have a leg to stand on.
Translated by Chen Xin and Zhang Qingxiong from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Research), 2006, (10): 68–76 相似文献
5.
Samuel Murray 《Philosophical explorations》2016,19(3):268-275
Timothy O’Connor has recently defended a version of libertarianism that has significant advantages over similar accounts. One of these is an argument that secures indeterminism on the basis of an argument that shows how causal determinism threatens agency in virtue of the nature of the causal relation involved in free acts. In this paper, I argue that while it does turn out that free acts are not causally determined on O’Connor’s view, this fact is merely stipulative and the argument that he presents for this conclusion begs the question. 相似文献
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Synthese - A core commitment of Bob Hale and Crispin Wright’s neologicism is their invocation of Frege’s Constraint—roughly, the requirement that the core empirical applications... 相似文献
8.
Thomas J. Nenon 《Continental Philosophy Review》2008,41(4):427-439
This article compares the differences between Kant’s and Husserl’s conceptions of the “transcendental.” It argues that, for
Kant, the term “transcendental” stands for what is otherwise called “metaphysical,” i.e. non-empirical knowledge. As opposed
to his predecessors, who had believed that such non-empirical knowledge was possible for meta-physical, i.e. transcendent
objects, Kant’s contribution was to show how there can be non-empirical (a priori) knowledge not about transcendent objects,
but about the necessary conditions for the experience of natural, non-transcendent objects. Hence the transcendental for Kant
ends up connoting a philosophy that claims to show how subjective forms of intuition and thinking have objective validity
for all objects as appearances. By contrast, Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy takes a different set of problems for its
starting point. His quest is to avoid the uncertainty of empirical knowledge about all kinds of objects that present themselves
to us as something other than, something transcendent to, consciousness. Transcendental or reliable knowledge is made possible
through the phenomenological reduction that focuses strictly on consciousness as immediately self-given to itself—reflection
upon “pure” consciousness. The contents of such consciousness are not the same for everyone and at every time, so they are
not necessary and invariant in the way that Kant’s pure forms of subjectivity are. Since Husserl however also claims that
the all objects, as intentional objects, are constituted in and for consciousness, an investigation into the structures of
pure subjectivity can also be called “transcendental” in a further sense of showing the genesis of our knowledge of objects
that are transcendent to consciousness. Moreover, since Husserl’s philosophical interest is precisely upon the structures
of that consciousness, he also concentrates on necessary conditions for the constitution of these objects in his philosophical
work. Hence, there ends up being a great deal of overlap between his own transcendental project and Kant’s in spite of the
differences in what each of them means by the term “transcendental.”
相似文献
Thomas J. NenonEmail: |
9.
Michael Anthony IstvanJr 《Philosophical Studies》2011,155(3):399-420
Against its prominent compatiblist and libertarian opponents, I defend Galen Strawson’s Basic Argument for the impossibility
of moral responsibility. Against John Martin Fischer, I argue that the Basic Argument does not rely on the premise that an
agent can be responsible for an action only if he is responsible for every factor contributing to that action. Against Alfred
Mele and Randolph Clarke, I argue that it is absurd to believe that an agent can be responsible for an action when no factor
contributing to that action is up to that agent. Against Derk Pereboom and Clarke, I argue that the versions of agent-causal
libertarianism they claim can immunize the agent to the Basic Argument actually fail to do so. Against Robert Kane, I argue
that the Basic Argument does not rely on the premise that simply the presence of indeterministic factors in the process of
bringing an action about is itself what rules out the agent’s chance for being responsible for that action. 相似文献
10.
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - Sharon Street has argued that we should reject theism because we can accept it only at the cost of having good reason to doubt the reliability of... 相似文献
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On a standard interpretation, Hume argued that reason is not practical, because its operations are limited to “demonstration” and “probability.” But recent critics claim that by limiting reason’s operations to only these two, his argument begs the question. Despite this, a better argument for motivational skepticism can be found in Hume’s text, one that emphasizes reason’s inability to generate motive force against contrary desires or passions. Nothing can oppose an impulse but a contrary impulse, Hume believed, and reason cannot generate an impulse. This better argument is here developed and defended. Two lines of objection to it can be anticipated: (1) that reason actually can generate impulsive force, based on contents of its normative judgments and (2) that reason neither can nor needs to generate an impulse, since the actions of rational agents are not determined by forceful impulses of desire, as Hume supposed. These objections are answered by pointing out their unsatisfying consequences. 相似文献
13.
Stathis Psillos 《Synthese》2011,181(1):23-40
The aim of this paper is to articulate, discuss in detail and criticise Reichenbach’s sophisticated and complex argument for
scientific realism. Reichenbach’s argument has two parts. The first part aims to show how there can be reasonable belief in
unobservable entities, though the truth of claims about them is not given directly in experience. The second part aims to
extent the argument of the first part to the case of realism about the external world, conceived of as a world of independently
existing entities distinct from sensations. It is argued that the success of the first part depends on a change of perspective,
where unobservable entities are viewed as projective complexes vis-à-vis their observable symptoms, or effects. It is also
argued that there is an essential difference between the two parts of the argument, which Reichenbach comes (somewhat reluctantly)
to accept. 相似文献
14.
Dermot Moran 《Continental Philosophy Review》2008,41(4):401-425
Throughout his career, Husserl identifies naturalism as the greatest threat to both the sciences and philosophy. In this paper, I explicate Husserl’s overall diagnosis and critique
of naturalism and then examine the specific transcendental aspect of his critique. Husserl agreed with the Neo-Kantians in rejecting naturalism. He has three major critiques of naturalism:
First, it (like psychologism and for the same reasons) is ‘countersensical’ in that it denies the very ideal laws that it needs for its own justification.
Second, naturalism essentially misconstrues consciousness by treating it as a part of the world. Third, naturalism is the
inevitable consequence of a certain rigidification of the ‘natural attitude’ into what Husserl calls the ‘naturalistic attitude’.
This naturalistic attitude ‘reifies’ and it ‘absolutizes’ the world such that it is treated as taken-for-granted and ‘obvious’.
Husserl’s transcendental phenomenological analysis, however, discloses that the natural attitude is, despite its omnipresence
in everyday life, not primary, but in fact is relative to the ‘absolute’ transcendental attitude. The mature Husserl’s critique
of naturalism is therefore based on his acceptance of the absolute priority of the transcendental attitude. The paradox remains that we must start from and, in a sense, return to the natural attitude, while, at the same time, restricting
this attitude through the on-going transcendental vigilance of the universal epoché.
相似文献
Dermot MoranEmail: |
15.
Clare Marie Moriarty 《British Journal for the History of Philosophy》2018,26(3):429-451
This paper responds to two issues in interpreting George Berkeley’s Analyst. First, it explains why the text contains no discussion of religious mysteries or points of faith, despite the claims of the text's subtitle; I argue that the subtitle must be understood, and its success assessed, in conjunction with material external to the text. Second, it’s unclear how naturally the arguments of the Analyst sit with Berkeley’s broader views. He criticizes the methodology of calculus and conceptually problematic entities, and the extent to which they require one to bend the rules of classical mathematics. Yet, elsewhere, Berkeley’s opinion of classical mathematics and its intelligibility is low, and he defends a pragmatic approach to word meaning that should not find fault with so functionally successful a theory. The ad hominem intention of the text makes it difficult to discern to what extent Berkeley is committed to the sincerity of these criticisms. This component of the text is rarely discussed, but I argue that when trying to decide what Berkeley’s true position is in the Analyst, we should treat its ad hominem component as its primary intention. 相似文献
16.
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - We use a mechanized verification system, PVS, to examine the argument from Anselm’s Proslogion Chapter III, the so-called “Modal... 相似文献
17.
Juan Comesaña 《Philosophical Studies》2017,174(4):1039-1046
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Sebastian Gardner 《British Journal for the History of Philosophy》2017,25(1):133-156
Schelling’s 1809 Freiheitsschrift (Philosophical Investigations into the Essence of Human Freedom), perhaps his most widely read work, presents considerable difficulties of understanding. In this paper, I offer an interpretation of the work in relation to Kant. My focus is on the relation in each case of their theory of human freedom to their general metaphysics, a relation which both regard as essential. The argument of the paper is in sum that Schelling may be viewed as addressing and resolving a problem which faces Kant’s theory of freedom and transcendental idealism, deriving from the challenge posed by Spinozism. One major innovation in Schelling’s theory of human freedom is his claim that it presupposes the reality of evil. I argue that Schelling’s thesis concerning evil also provides a key to the new and highly original metaphysics of the Freiheitsschrift. The relation of Schelling’s theory of freedom to his general metaphysics is therefore complex, for it goes in two directions: the metaphysics are not simply presupposed by the theory of freedom but are also in part derived from it. These new metaphysics also, I argue, allow Schelling to resolve a problem which his own earlier Spinozistic system had left unresolved. 相似文献
20.
《South African Journal of Philosophy》2013,32(3):202-213
AbstractThis paper is concerned with Sir Peter Strawson’s critical discussion of Paul Grice’s defence of the material implication analysis of conditionals. It argues that although Strawson’s own ‘consequentialist’ suggestion concerning the meaning of conditionals cannot be correct, a related and radically contextualist account is able to both account for the phenomena that motivated Strawson’s consequentialism, and to undermine the material implication analysis by providing a simpler account of the processes that we go through when interpreting conditionals. 相似文献