共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
不同认知方式个体在语篇阅读中抑制外部干扰的眼动研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用眼动追踪技术探讨了当干扰材料的意义性不同和干扰材料位置可预测性不同时, 不同认知方式个体在语篇阅读中抑制外来无关干扰的特点, 结果表明: 不同认知方式个体在语篇阅读中抑制外部干扰的能力存在差异, 场独立者好于场依存者, 而且这种差异发生在抑制加工的后作用过程, 本研究支持Dywan等人提出的理论观点。不管是场依存者还是场独立者在语篇阅读中, 相对于无意义干扰材料, 有意义的外部干扰更能吸引阅读者的注意力, 对语篇阅读的干扰作用更明显; 相对于可预测位置的干扰, 读者在阅读过程中更难避开不可预测位置的干扰材料, 其产生的干扰作用更大。 相似文献
3.
4.
视觉表象操作加工的眼动实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究通过视觉表象旋转和扫描的眼动实验探讨表象的心理表征方式。实验一结果表明,眼动指标具有与反应时相类似的旋转角度效应。实验二结果显示,表象扫描的反应时和眼动指标都具有与知觉扫描加工一样的距离效应。由此可以认为,表象眼动与知觉眼动模式具有相似性;表象具有相对独立的心理表征方式并有其特殊的加工过程;表象的心理表征可以是形象表征,而非一定是抽象的命题或符号表征 相似文献
5.
Keith Rayner 《心理与行为研究》2004,2(3):482-488
Itisveryclearthateyemovementdatahavebeenextremelyinfluentialinshapingwhatamodelofskilledreadingshouldbelike[1,2].Eyemovementdatahavealsoyieldedvaluableinsightsconcerningthemostappropriatewaystoteachreading[3,4].Giv鄄enthatmyownresearchhasinvolvedtheuseofeyemovementdataformanyyears,Iamoftenaskedwhatthemostsignificantfindingsthathaveemergedfromourlab.Inthisarticle,IwillfocusonwhatIviewtobethemostimportantfindingsanddevelopmentsfromtheresearchthatwehavedoneoverthisextended30yearperiod.Becauseou… 相似文献
6.
眼跳的研究范式及其主要认知功能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
眼跳运动系统为研究者探索行为的认知控制机制提供了有力工具。已有研究发现,很多认知过程会影响不同类型眼跳任务中的眼跳参数。在系统梳理已有研究的基础上,从以下4个方面系统阐述和评价了眼跳运动的研究范式和主要认知功能:(1)视觉导向眼跳的研究范式和变式及其认知功能,包括空白/重叠效应、分心物效应、提示效应、学习效应等;(2)预测性眼跳的研究范式和认知控制,涉及神经生物钟理论、视空间工作记忆、指导语等;(3)记忆导向眼跳的研究范式和变式及其认知控制,包括分心物效应、年龄效应、视空间工作记忆的抑制效应、注意等;(4)反向眼跳的研究范式和变式及其认知控制,包括反向眼跳抑制、眼跳决策信号竞争整合模型、工作记忆容量、注意、错误监控、学习、奖励和年龄效应等。最后,结合已有研究范式对未来眼跳研究的趋势和需解决的问题进行了展望。 相似文献
7.
基于重复前瞻记忆目标范式和视觉搜索范式,采用多种类型刺激呈现的眼动测量方式考察前瞻记忆意向后效应的加工机制。研究采用2(条件)×5(刺激类型)的混合实验设计,显著条件下前瞻记忆目标为红色,非显著条件下前瞻记忆目标和其他字母的颜色均为白色,背景为黑色。结果显示,显著和非显著条件下前瞻记忆完成阶段中对原前瞻记忆目标的反应时慢于控制条件,而且前瞻记忆目标在进行中任务目标之后的反应时慢于进行中任务目标之前的刺激类型。另外,非显著条件下,前瞻记忆目标在进行中任务目标之前和之后的眼动数据没有差异;显著条件下的注视点数量多于控制条件,前瞻记忆目标在进行中任务目标之后的注视点数量多于进行中任务目标之前的刺激类型。结果说明,前瞻记忆任务完成以后,在随后的阶段中遇到原前瞻记忆目标时被试会投入认知资源对其进行抑制,支持抑制加工。 相似文献
8.
9.
前瞻记忆需要经过策略加工:来自眼动的证据 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于视觉搜索范式,采用多目标刺激呈现的眼动测量方法探索事件性前瞻记忆的加工过程。行为结果显示,对靶目标以及干扰目标的击中率比前瞻记忆目标的击中率均更高,只有前瞻线索和干扰目标比只有靶目标的反应时更长。眼动结果显示,第一注视时间和总注视时间从干扰目标、靶目标到前瞻目标逐渐增长,在前瞻漏报中存在注视到前瞻线索的可能性,搜索序列中靶目标的存在会干扰对前瞻线索的注意。行为和眼动的结果表明,前瞻线索是否被注视到并不会决定前瞻记忆是否会成功,对于意向的实现需要目标检查或者预备注意加工过程,支持策略控制理论。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
Eye Movements Indicate the Temporal Organisation of Information Processing in Graph Comprehension 下载免费PDF全文
Christof Körner Margit Höfler Barbara Tröbinger Iain D. Gilchrist 《Applied cognitive psychology》2014,28(3):360-373
Hierarchical graphs (e.g. file system browsers and preference trees) represent objects (e.g. files and folders) as graph nodes and relations between them (e.g. sub‐folder relations) as lines. We investigated the temporal organisation of two processes that are necessary for comprehending such graphs—search for the graph nodes and reasoning about their relation. We tracked eye movements to change graphs while participants interpreted them. In Experiment 1, we masked the graph at a time when search processes had finished but reasoning was hypothetically ongoing. We observed a dramatic deterioration in comprehension compared with unmasked graphs. In Experiment 2, we changed the relation between critical graph nodes after search for them had finished, unbeknownst to participants. Participants mostly based their response on the graph as presented after the change. These results suggest that comprehension processes are organised in a sequential manner, an observation that can potentially be applied to the interactive presentation of graphs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
本研究采用眼动技术,通过2×2混合实验设计,探讨字幕与产品卷入度对视频广告在线加工的影响。结果发现,有字幕广告比无字幕广告产生了更多的回视次数和总注视时间;在观看广告时,高卷入度产品比低卷入度产品产生更多的回视次数、总注视时间和注视次数。更为重要的是,字幕和产品卷入度的交互作用显著:当广告中的产品卷入度高时,有字幕的产品比无字幕的产品产生更多的回视次数和总注视时间;当广告中的产品卷入度低时,两者没有显著的差异。结果表明,字幕影响视频广告的加工,但是这种影响受到产品卷入度的调节,只有高卷入度产品广告的加工受到字幕的影响,结果支持了精细加工可能性模型。 相似文献
14.
15.
Elizabeth R.Schotter 《心理与行为研究》2011,9(1):16-23
Researchers have recently turned to eye tracking to study the complex cognitive processes underlying speech production. The present paper provides a brief overview of studies of sentence production and eye movements. A review then follows of research using eye tracking to investigate eye movements during multiple object naming and differences between findings in reading research. The majority of these studies attempt to determine the extent to which object naming can happen in serial or parallel. Lastly, I provide a brief comparison between seriality and parallelism in reading and multiple object naming. 相似文献
16.
本研究探讨年老化影响中文阅读中词汇加工过程的特点,包含两项实验。实验一探讨老年与青年读者在词频效应上的差异,实验二探讨老年与青年读者在语境预测性效应上的差异。结果发现:(1)相对于青年读者,老年读者注视目标词汇的时间较长、再注视回视较多、跳读较少;(2)在首次注视时间、凝视时间和眼跳参数上,年龄组别与词频之间交互作用不显著,但对目标词汇的总注视时间上,年龄组别与词频之间交互作用显著;(3)在所有注视时间指标和回视概率上,均发现年龄组别与语境预测性影响之间交互作用显著。结论:中文老年读者阅读时的词汇加工效率低于青年人;中文阅读中眼跳策略与词汇加工的年老化模式有语言特殊性特点。 相似文献
17.
Hanneke Loerts Martijn Wieling Monika S. Schmid 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2013,42(6):551-570
Native speakers of languages with transparent gender systems can use gender cues to anticipate upcoming words. To examine whether this also holds true for a non-transparent two-way gender system, i.e. Dutch, eye movements were monitored as participants followed spoken instructions to click on one of four displayed items on a screen (e.g., Klik op $de_{COM}$ rode appel $_{COM}$ , ‘Click on the $_\mathrm{COM}$ red apple $_\mathrm{COM}$ ’). The items contained the target, a colour- and/or gender-matching competitor, and two unrelated distractors. A mixed-effects regression analysis revealed that the presence of a colour-matching and/or gender-matching competitor significantly slowed the process of finding the target. The gender effect, however, was only observed for common nouns, reflecting the fact that neuter gender-marking cannot disambiguate as all Dutch nouns become neuter when used as diminutives. The gender effect for common nouns occurred before noun onset, suggesting that gender information is, at least partially, activated automatically before encountering the noun. 相似文献
18.
Keith Rayner 《心理与行为研究》2011,9(1):2-7
Research on eye movements during reading and scene perception is briefly reviewed. It is quite clear that cognitive variables influence how long readers look at words and where they look next. There are also clearly some differences in eye movements between Chinese and Western readers. However, for the most part it appears that there are more similarities than differences and that what differences do occur are due more to differences in the nature of the written orthography than due to cultural differences. There are also clearly cognitive influences on eye movements during scene viewing. Research from my lab is reviewed which challenges the view that culture influences eye movements during scene viewing. While we do not deny that there are cultural influences on cognition and thinking, it seems to be the case that cultural differences do not influence properties of the oculomotor system resulting in differences in where subjects look early in scenes. 相似文献
19.
采用眼动记录技术探讨被试阅读不同汉语量词的即时加工过程。考查名量词和动量词,以及名量词内部的差异。结果发现:(1)被试在阅读理解过程中对名量词和动量词的眼动特点存在显著差异,名量词获得更多的加工;(2)被试在阅读理解过程中对不同名量词的眼动特点也存在显著差异,个体量词比集合量词和临时量词获得更少的加工。由此可知,不同量词在阅读理解中的信息加工难度是不同的,对于篇章理解而言,其信息含量和信息的重要性也是不同的。 相似文献