中医“证概念”符号化的倡议与中医诊疗标量化的探讨

中医学是以“概念为单元”的功能医学,经络是功能网络。中医的“证”是外在的、变化着的、阶段性的。随着病的变化,证也在变化,质在变,量也在变。它有整体可控性,用模糊数学给中医的证候标量化,以便临床选方用药,“以数据治”。概念语言符号化,使中医古老的语形结构换上新衣,方便与当代科技沟通,进入网络传播,这或许是中医逐步走向现代化的一个切入点,一座桥梁。     

系统论原理在中医"证"研究中的运用

"辨证论治"是中医认识疾病和治疗疾病的基本原则,"证"是辨证论治的基础和关键.我们说"证"是一个相对独立的系统,是因为它具备了构成系统的基本条件--要素、联系、功能.因此,运用系统论的基本原理剖析"证"概念的基本内涵和外延,实现"证"的客观化、规范化,对中医学现代化具有重要意义.     

西化中医"创新"之悖论纪实

1导论 中医辨证唯象论与西医实证解剖辨病的结构论是两个截然不同的逻辑概念;"中西医结合"者,乃需求是于辩证法科学理论概念的统一和谐.     

从历史角度谈中医"扶阳学派"的复兴

产生于100多年前以重阳扶阳为主要思想、喜用姜桂附等温阳药物的"扶阳学派"近年有复兴之势,从中医历史发展角度进行分析:(1)"纠偏正弊、曲折前进",是中医历史发展的规律:"挟阳学派"也是为纠正温病学派用药寒凉阴柔的时弊而从阳立论的;(2)时代需要,是中医发展的动力:当今中医呈现"异化"、"退化"、"西化"等现象,"扶阳学派"是在中医回归自身发展,以传统理论应对"-3今疾病的思潮下应时复兴的;(3)历代曲折发展中多有矫枉过正之嫌,希望扶阳学派复兴不要蹈其旧辙,形成滥用温补的新时弊;(4)经典是各学派共同的基础,辨证论治是中医永恒的法宝,不能离开中医经典之道.而径效扶阳之术.     

试从体验哲学初探中医术语"神"的体验性

体验哲学认为人类语言的形成离不开具体的体验感知,是在体验感知和主客主多重互动基础上形成的,人类对于世界的经验在很大程度上制约着语言的结构和意义.选取中医学概念"神"以及相关成语为语料,对其概念系统的构建和认知模式进行初步分析,探究中医"神"概念背后的独特身体体验、空间体验和文化体验性.     

中医诸"优势"辨析

通过对"中医是我国优秀传统文化的组成部分"、"中医博大精深,属于'超科学'"和"中医是系统医学"三种较为流行的中医"优势"的说法的辨析,不难发现,这些优势说法具有自我标榜的性质,并没有确实的依据.固守这些没有科学依据的"优势",容易导致医学守旧,不利于我国医学科学的进步.     

揭示中医学说中“气”概念的本质：信息就是中医的气

以中医和生理学共识之"精"为简例,依据"精-气"的阴阳属性作为指纹特征,探寻气的本质。精的运动传递信息,信息就是无形之气。因此"精-信息"关系能够纳入中医藏象模型和"形质-功能"的阴阳结构模块。虽然气以物质为基础,但不等同于"物质"概念。气的内涵就是现代语言的"客观存在性";所有生命之象(现象、功能)正是由无形的信息及调节运动所实现;也是生理学普遍存在的信息现象。气是古代中医理论重要的基础概念,正确的解释有利于理解和认识中医理论的科学面貌。时代的发展迫切需要用现代语言诠释古代中医术语。     

"现代中医"——中医现代化的实现者

中医经过几千年的发展,为中华民族的繁衍昌盛,作出了巨大的贡献.近百年来中医药曲折的发展史和今天中医现代化的呼声,留给中医药工作者极大启发. 1 现代中医的概念     

中医"证"本质研究的无序与有序

中医"证"本质的研究结果呈现弱特异性的.证是宏观概念,既呈现着多态性,又呈现着同态性,无序中包含着有序,有序中亦体现着无序.对于"证"研究中出现的弱特异性的研究结果,应将其看成这一证候的几种不同状态;对不同证候得出的同一研究结果的处理也是如此.具体技术上的处理包括:对研究思路更新;对证候规范化;大范围科研协作.强调了大范围科研协作.     

中医视域下的西医

"中医"和"西医"既指称两种不同的知识体系,也指称相应的知识承栽者.作为"知识人","西医"往往囿于知识规范而难以理解"中医",但在"知识"之外又能够实践"中医"原则.以基于原创性的生活经验和艺术创造矫治"知识"带来的"缺陷",使之回归整体性的生命观,可能是"中医社会"对"西医社会"的文化启示.     

易道辩正

易道是易学思想的精髓或内在精神,其最根本的特征是所谓的“一阴一阳之道”。作为易学结构基元的易卦卦象符号,与阴阳观念具有先天性的亲和力,从而使得阴阳观念有了一个可以符号化表征的形式系统。在汉代,阴阳五行与易学成为一个统一的有机整体。两汉的象数理论试图将易道(天道)完全形式化努力的最终结果是“入于礻几祥”,成为一套牵强附会的繁琐哲学。魏晋以后,诸如“时”、“中”一类具有明显的个人独知默会、参悟修证意义的命题,逐渐成为一阴一阳、生生不息的“易道”最为生动的表征。道之真谛,若以易理言之,就是“自强不息”,“与时偕行”。     

"全球伦理"与"文明的冲突"

自美国9.11恐怖袭击事件后,塞缪尔.亨廷顿关于“文明冲突”的理论引起人们高度兴趣。以宗教为核心的文明之间的冲突真的难以化解吗?汉斯.昆的“全球伦理”观点对此提出挑战。本文将浅析一下“全球伦理”,及其化解“文明冲突”的可能性。     

方术迷信的"灵验"揭秘

方术作为中华神秘文化的一个重要的组成部分,是一种既不同于宗教又与宗教有联系的企图借助于“鬼神”等神秘力量来消灾免祸、延年益寿、添财加福的可操作性的东西,如八卦术、算命术、风水术、占梦术、测字术、巫术等。 方术尽管是唯心的不可相信的东西,在历代也遭到了一些人的攻击和批判,然而为何屡不绝迹,有时甚至风靡一时、影响很大,即使在今天仍然有其市场呢?其中一个重要的原因在于一些人认为方术“灵验”。 方术“灵验”的原因是什么?到底是哪些因素     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

The development of children's understanding of "because" and "so"

Children's (5 years, 8 months to 8 years, 4 months) comprehension of "because" and "so" was assessed on both enactment and sentence completion tasks. The use of a within-subject design permitted performance on each task to be interpreted in terms of performance on the other. The pattern of results provided evidence against a componential model for the acquisition of causal connectives. This model holds that the two meaning components (cause, order) are acquired separately, with the order component being acquired several years later than the causal component. The results also were in accord with predictions derived from a contextual model of children's developing understanding of terms expressing logical relationships. This model posits that the understanding of relational terms is initially context dependent, such that children can understand relational terms when they express familiar relationships, but experience difficulty in forming representations of novel relationships solely on the basis of linguistic input. The lexical components of because and so are understood during the context-dependent stage, and the transition from context-dependent to context-independent understanding does not reflect further lexical development, but rather increasing facility in dealing with decontextualized linguistic input.     

Comparison of two theories of "ratio" and "difference" judgments

This article examines the hypothesis that judges compare stimuli by ratio and subtractive operations when instructed to judge" "ratios" and "differences." Rule and Curtis hold that magnitude estimations are a power function of subjective values, with an exponent between 1.1 and 2.1. Accordingly, the two-operation model tested assumes magnitude estimations of "ratios" are a comparable power function of subjective ratios. In contrast, Birnbaum and Veit theorize that judges compare two stimuli by subraction for both "ratio" and "difference" instructions and that magnitude estimations of "ratios" are approximately an exponential function of subjective differences. Three tests were used to compare the theory of one operation with the two-operation theory for the data of nine experiments. The results strongly favor the theory that observers use the same operation for both instructions.