有限成分论和多成分论的辨析——中药药效成分争论的焦点

辩证地分析了关于中药药效成分争论的焦点问题———有限成分论和多成分论,以及产生的根源,讨论了中药药效成分研究的方法和思路,并倡导实事求是的科研精神。     

网络药理学背景下的中药药效机制及疗效评价研究

论述了网络药理学的发展背景及其内涵,分析了网络药理学对中药药效机制及疗效评价研究的影响,并对当前网络药理学在中药药效机制和疗效评价中的应用进行了回顾,认为随着网络药理学的思想与方法越来越多地融入到中药的研究中,中药的药效机制及疗效评价方法与技术将会发生质的变化.     

用"活性成分谱"思路破解中药的安全性和有效性

如何控制中药的安全性和有效性一直是中医药研究关注的问题.基于此,提出先根据亲和原理获得中药的"活性成分谱",在此基础上验证活性成分的毒性和疗效后即可获得中药的"毒性成分谱"和"有效成分谱",继而为中药的质量控制提供依据.简要地介绍了"活性成分谱"思路,并与其他中药活性研究技术进行了简要的对比.     

中药药理学学科发展的思考与启示

1　中药药理学发展一瞥1.1　中药化学成份分析研究的进展 :中药化学成份是其发挥药效的物质基础 ,中药化学成份的研究从单味中药化学成份与复方中药化学成份两个思路进行。单味中药化学成份的研究借鉴化学药物研究的基础 ,对 2 0 0多种常用中药进行了研究 ,发现了 5 0 0多种活性单体 ,比如著名的抗疟药青蒿素即是从中药青蒿中分离得到的 ;复方中药由于其化学成份之间的关系极为复杂 ,故根据其所含的不同类药物 ,采用现代分离方法 ,将其分离成多个有效部位 ,比如挥发油、多糖、生物碱、黄酮等进行研究。目前较为先进的分析技术 ,例如薄层色谱…     

从科学认识的过程看中药指纹图谱技术的发展历程

中药指纹图谱是一种通过色谱峰反映中药成分和综合效应的分析手段,具有整体性和稳定性的特点,能较全面地反映中药的质量,现已成为现代中药质控的发展趋势。但其研究仍属初级阶段,如何准确地解析“谱”与“效”的关系及减少中药质量的不稳定性对图谱构建的影响,尚待进一步探索与研究。     

论从中药中开发新药的第三条途径

1目前从中药中开发新药的两条基本途径 中药是在中医药理论指导下应用的,含有一定活性成分的天然产物.中药是自然属性和人文属性的对立统一体.目前从中药中开发新药有两个基本的途径:     

从进化观看中药的副作用问题

中药的副作用小的是由于中医用药配伍的辨证全面性与系统性,这点似乎在临床用药上深入人心.中药作为天然药物,在临床上运用,不像西医对药物的成分、药理、动力学等都有较明确的认识,因此对副作用的产生没有较为清晰的把握.但是临床证明,中药效果是为大家所认可的.因此探究中药的副作用就成为了一种较为棘手的问题.而中药作为自然药物,证明了它具备了自然生物的特性.下面笔者试图用进化观,对中药的副作用问题进行探讨.     

要注意中药对肝的损伤作用

含有生物碱类、皂苷类、萜类、毒蛋白类、重金属类成分的中药易致急性肝损伤.中药对肝脏损伤的原因及机制较为复杂,可能与药物对肝脏的直接毒性或特异性体质有关.此外,中药炮制方法、给药途径、剂型、剂量、疗程及配伍不当也会引起药物性肝损伤.中药所致的药物性肝损伤的诊断主要依据用药史、发病的时间、过程和临床表现并排除其他因素.治疗可选用还原型谷胱甘肽、S-腺苷蛋氨酸、多烯磷脂酰胆碱、熊去氧胆酸、水飞蓟素等药物,重症可选择人工肝脏支持治疗.     

从进化观看中药的副作用问题

中药的副作用小的是由于中医用药配伍的辨证全面性与系统性,这点似乎在临床用药上深入人心。中药作为天然药物,在临床上运用,不像西医对药物的成分、药理、动力学等都有较明确的认识,因此对副作用的产生没有较为清晰的把握。但是临床证明,中药效果是为大家所认可的。因此探究中     

中药有效成分与肠道细菌的关系

中药有效成分与肠道细菌的关系日本富山医科药科大学教授小桥恭一中药有三大特点。一是除外用药,余皆为口服。二是由多成分构成,从化学上看,在量和质上都是不明确的一些混和物。尤其是中药方剂,都是几种药材（植物、动物、矿物）的配方,用近代医药学概念几乎是无法解...     

Wittgenstein and the Dualism of the Inner and the Outer

A dualism characteristic of modern philosophy is the conception of the inner and the outer as two independently intelligible domains. Wittgenstein’s attack on this dualism contains deep insights. The main insight (excavated from §304 and §293 of the Philosophical Investigations) is this: our sensory consciousness is deeply shaped by language and this shaping plays a fundamental role in the etiology of the dualism. I locate this role in the learning of a sensation-language (as described in §244), by showing that this learning is, under another aspect, the incision of language, namely the infliction of cuts upon certain natural-primitive unities between the inner and the outer. These cuts, driven by powerful forces, eventually harden into an entrenched division between the inner and the outer, thereby providing a constant soil for the dualism. That this dualism is rooted in the very learning of a language is cause for ambivalence about language.     

Peter McHugh and Analysis: The One and the Many, the Universal and the Particular, the Whole and the Part

This paper takes the passing of Peter McHugh as an occasion to examine the intellectual development of his work. The paper is mainly focused on the product of his collaboration with his colleague and friend, Alan Blum. As such, it addresses the tradition of social inquiry, Analysis, which they cofounded. It traces the influence of Harold Garfinkel’s Ethnomethodology on McHugh and on the beginning of Analysis. The collaboration with Blum is examined through a variety of coauthored works but most especially in the two books On the Beginning of Social Inquiry (1974) and Self Reflection in the Arts and Sciences (1984). It also examines the relation of his independent writing before 1974, and since 1984 to the expression of the tradition of inquiry as exemplified in those two texts. The paper builds on some interview material with Peter McHugh and reflects on the influence of Peter the teacher as well as the theorist McHugh. Most especially, through its engagement with this material, it seeks to exemplify the dialectic and living nature of the program called Analysis.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

经济全球化与东西方宗教

本文认为,由于科技的高度发展,信息网络技术的普及,经济全球化已成为不可逆转的发展趋势;而经济全球化必然带来东西方宗教的种种变化。作者从传统宗教的复兴、民族宗教的冲突、宗教与政治的结缘。宗教的普世化与本色化、新兴宗教的异军突起及东西方宗教的交流与融合等６个方面分析了当前东西方宗教的这种发展趋势。     

Glossolalia and the psychology of the self and narcissism

A survey of the religious and psychological literature on glossolalia (speaking in tongues) reviews the various ways that have been used to try to understand this fascinating practice. At the present time an impasse has been reached: glossolalists can no longer be viewed as suffering from psychopathological disorders or from sociological deprivation. Insights derived from the psychology of the self and narcissism, as presented in the works of Heinz Kohut and D.W. Winnicott, are used to suggest new approaches to understand glossolalia.     

Belief and the problem of Ulysses and the sirens

While self-contained, this paper is a sequel to my Belief and the Will (1984); see theBibliographical Note at the end of this paper for a survey of the relevant literature since then and supplementary references. I have meanwhile benefitted greatly from Brad Armendt's commentary and Richard Foley's How should future opinion affect current opinion?, both presented at a symposium at the APA Central Division, April 1993.     

Spontaneity and Self-Consciousness in the Groundwork and the B-Critique

ABSTRACT

According to some influential readings of the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, the view presented there of the kind of spontaneity we are conscious of through theoretical reason and the significance of such self-consciousness is irremediably at odds with the Critical theory, and thus roundly and rightly rejected in the second edition of the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason. This paper argues, on the contrary, that the Groundwork can be read as articulating for the first time the account of self-consciousness and spontaneity that Kant goes on to develop in the B-Critique, especially the B-Transcendental Deduction.