开放医疗市场强化政府责任解决看病难

当前对医疗改革的批评较多,不少人认为是过度市场化的结果.但是,"过度市场化"的问题不能一概而论,可以从两个方面来分析,从医疗服务方面来说,有过度市场化的倾向;但是从医疗资源的配置或投入来说,市场又没有充分放开.所以不能简单的或笼统的把医改的问题归咎于市场化.该开放的医疗市场未开放,政府责任不到位,才是当前中国医疗改革的问题所在.     

对"医疗服务商品和市场"存在客观性和必然性的理性思考--兼评《对中国医疗卫生体制改革的评价与建议》

针对国务院发展研究中心课题组发表的<对中国医疗卫生体制改革的评价与建议>提出的卫生改革带来"问题的根源在于商业化、市场化的走向违背了医疗卫生事业发展的基本规律."提出"医疗服务商品"、"医疗服务市场"的存在是客观的,并通过反驳<评价与建议>提出的四对矛盾,提出"医疗服务商品"、"医疗服务市场"的存在也是必然的,最后分析了所谓"卫生改革失败"的真正原因.     

开放医疗市场 强化政府责任 解决看病难

当前对医疗改革的批评较多,不少人认为是过度市场化的结果。但是,“过度市场化”的问题不能一概而论,可以从两个方面来分析,从医疗服务方面来说,有过度市场化的倾向;但是从医疗资源的配置或投入来说,市场又没有充分放开。所以不能简单的或笼统的把医改的问题归咎于市场化。该开放的医疗市场未开放,政府责任不到位,才是当前中国医疗改革的问题所在。     

从"胡为民现象"看我国医疗领域的社会失范

随着我国经济体制的转型,由于市场机制的引进和发展不规范,医药卫生体制改革不成熟,在医疗领域出现了很多失范的现象.透过"胡为民现象",分析了我国医疗领域社会失范的特点和原因,并针对原因提出了防治医疗领域社会失范的意见和措施     

医疗改革:效率与公平能否对等

效率与公平的权衡是医疗改革中的一个关键问题,根据我国目前国情,医改必须坚持公平优先、兼顾效率的原则.市场经济条件下的医疗卫生体制变革出现了商业化、市场化倾向,因此必须高度重视卫生市场潜在的道德风险.要保证医疗市场的良性竞争,使之发挥利国利民的积极作用,需要政府主导和职业规范双重保险.     

SARS事件后对卫生体制的反思

SARS事件突出暴露了我国经济和社会发展不协调的问题,由于缺乏科学发展观统领医疗卫生事业的发展,在体制改革中片面突出经济增长在社会发展中的作用、片面追求市场化的支配地位,是导致病象的内在逻辑.从构建"和谐社会"的战略出发,认为应避免社会公共事务管理的"泛市场化"倾向,指出"有管理的市场化"是其应然走向,呼吁在改革实践中重新回复人文精神.     

医疗改革中政府与市场关系的重构

在医疗市场中,必须明确"政府"与"市场"的涵义,重构政府与市场的关系。在医改实践中观察"政府"与"市场"的分殊,窥探东西方对二者的不同理解,并由此导致了不同的医改路径。强调回归政治经济学的研究视角,为当前卫生资源配置开辟一条新路径可以为医疗市场的改革寻求更多的共识。力求医疗市场改革能够从价值理念出发去设计政策路径,在历史性的生产关系中去理解一个时代的卫生改革,进而透过"供给侧改革"推动新医改进一步深化,实现和谐增长的目标。     

"灯塔经济"与医改的"穷人经济学"

我国卫生改革一开始就缺乏伦理基准,医疗服务过度市场化倾向、政府责任不到位和伦理缺席已将卫生改革引向功利主义的死胡同,使得卫生改革背离了公正目标.在今后的深化改革中,必须强调医学目的,贯彻以人为本的指导思想,加大政府的投入,围绕公正目标,建立覆盖全民的医疗保障体制.     

如何破解乡镇区域群体"看病难"之困局

我国乡镇区域群体"看病难"之主要成因,在于医疗资源总体缺乏、政府经费投入不足以及乡镇区域群体经济收入增长缓慢."看病难"困局的破解之道包括:制定<国民健康法>,明确政府部门在全民医疗保健方面的法律责任;根据国民经济的发展状态,合理计算各个阶段政府卫生经费的投放总额,并将经费的主要部分投向乡镇区域;实施医药管理体制改革,资源共享;加强医学专门人才的培养、促进高级医学人才向基层单位合理流动.     

医疗卫生系统整合:医改顶层设计的新理念

从国际和国内医改理论和实践出发,分析医疗卫生系统整合对实现医改目标和顶层设计的影响.论证医疗卫生系统整合是解决卫生系统危机的最佳路径,医疗卫生系统整合对改善卫生系统绩效具有重要影响;提出中国医改的核心是实现体制改革和机制的创新与变革,这一变革的前提是理念的创新;医疗卫生系统整合理念在医改顶层设计和医改目标的实现具有重要的理论和实践意义.当前需要医疗卫生系统整合的新理念来统领医改的顶层设计,不仅有助于破解医改顶层设计的难题,还将推动解决医改目标的实现,也是与国际上卫生系统改革导向和发展趋势相吻合的.     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

The "Natural" and the "Formal"

The paper presents an argument against a metaphysical conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. (More generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its a priori analyzable structure without paying due attention to the question of whether it really is the structure of the thing in question.) It is proposed to elucidate the situation by distinguishing two essentially different realms with which our reason must deal: the realm of the natural, constituted by the things of our empirical world, and the realm of the formal, constituted by the structures that we use as prisms to view, to make sense of, and to reconstruct the world. It is suggested that this vantage point may throw light on many foundational problems of logic.