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1.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the development of four 20 year-old elite hockey players through an in-depth examination of their sporting activities. The theoretical frameworkof deliberate practice (Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Romer, 1993) and the notion of deliberate play (Côté, 1999) served as the theoretical foundations. Interviews were conducted to providea longitudinal and detailed account of each participant.s involvement in various sporting activities. The interviewer asked questions about the conditions and sporting activities for eachyear of development. The data obtained were validated through independent interviews conducted with three parents of three different athletes. The results were consistent with Côté.s(1999) three stages of development in sport: the sampling (age 6.12), specializing (age 13. 15), and investment (age 16+) years. 相似文献
2.
David J. Hancock Luc J. Martin M. Blair Evans Kyle F. Paradis 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2018,30(2):222-240
Understanding factors that influence sport officials' performance is vital to ensuring fair sport competition. Through semistructured interviews (N = 17), we explored officials' perceptions of group processes that occurred among ice hockey officiating teams. Participant responses revealed numerous ways that group processes were present within officials' interactions, and two unique characteristics involved the transient nature of officiating groups (frequently performing with different officials) and intrateam competition pertaining to postseason assignments. In the discussion, we expand on the unique nature of officiating groups, synthesize activities in which officials seek to enhance groupness, and provide insights for future interventions and researchers. 相似文献
3.
Ryan A. Hamilton David Scott Michael P. MacDougall 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(2):226-239
Self-talk in sport has been widely researched with somewhat conflicting results (Van Raalte et al., 1995; Perkos et al., 2002). The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three different self-talk interventions on endurance performance. Participants were nine cyclists who performed a 20-minute cycling ergometer workout two times per week for five weeks. At each workout participants were requested to cycle as far as possible. A multiple-baseline design was utilized, which after varying baseline lengths allowed for the implementation of one out of three self-talk interventions: self-regulated positive self-talk, assisted positive self-talk, and assisted negative self-talk. Results revealed a performance increase in all groups with the greatest increase being found in the assisted positive self-talk condition. 相似文献
4.
ANTONIS HATZIGEORGIADIS YANNIS THEODORAKIS NIKOS ZOURBANOS 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(2):138-150
The present study examined the effect of instructional and motivational self-talk on the occurrence of interfering thoughts and performance on two water-polo tasks with similar characteristics performed in the same environment. Two experiments were conducted in the swimming pool, one involving a precision task (throwing a ball at target) and one involving a power task (throwing a ball for distance). In the first experiment (precision task), both self-talk groups improved their performance in comparison to the baseline measure, with participants using instructional self-talk improving more. In the second experiment (power task), only the motivational self-talk group improved its performance significantly. In both experiments the occurrence of interfering thoughts declined for both groups. The results of the study provide further support for the effectiveness of self-talk and give preliminary evidence regarding likely mechanisms through which self-talk influence performance, that is through indications that self-talk reduces thoughts not related to task execution, thus enhancing concentration to the task. 相似文献
5.
In this study, the researchers investigated the relationship between parent and player dispositional goal orientations associated with playing youth hockey. The authors used the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (J. L. Duda ? J. Whitehead, 1998) to measure task and ego orientation in 123 boys (10-13 years old) and 1 of their parents. Sons rated their own goal orientations for hockey and their perceptions of their parent's goal orientations. Parents rated their goal orientations for their son and their perceptions of their son's goal orientations. Mothers and fathers did not differ in their goal orientations for their son. Travel-team and nontravel-team players did not differ. For ego orientation, the son's self-ratings correlated significantly with the parent's goals for the son, but not for task orientation. Sons reported being significantly more ego-oriented than their parents desired. Sons perceived that their parents had goal orientations similar to their own. The data from this study are congruent with the assertion that parents socialize their children's goal orientations and that ego orientation may be more salient and easily communicated than task orientation. 相似文献
6.
Jeffrey C. Ives William F. Straub Greg A. Shelley 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(3):237-245
Video has been used successfully in psychosocial interventions to help train communication skills, document behaviors, and as a feedback tool for behavior modification strategies. The need for equipment portability, together with editing expertise, has limited video use in sport psychology. Newer digital video systems help overcome these problems, meaning that sport psychologists can readily use this technology in the field. We discuss and provide experiential observations of how digital video can be used to improve player, coach, and team performance. Also reviewed are new consultation opportunities for sport psychologists with video skills. These new areas center on perceptual skills training and talent identification using perceptual skills testing. 相似文献
7.
James Hardy Keith Begley Anthony W. Blanchfield 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(2):132-139
This research examined the relative effectiveness of instructional versus motivational self-talk for skilled athletes. Forty Gaelic footballers completed a shooting accuracy task with their dominant and nondominant feet. Results indicated significantly more accurate performance when executing the task using the dominant foot and motivational as compared to instructional self-talk. No difference emerged between the two types of self-talk within the nondominant foot condition. Results challenge the widely held view that instructional self-talk is most effective for accuracy-based tasks and should prompt practitioners to consider the skill level of their clients when constructing self-talk interventions. 相似文献
8.
Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis Khelifa Bartura Christos Argiropoulos Nikos Comoutos Evangelos Galanis Andreas D. Flouris 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2018,30(4):388-401
The study examined the effects of a motivational self-talk intervention on endurance cycling performance in hot conditions. Participants were 16 physically active adult men. After a baseline VO2 peak assessment and two training sessions, participants completed a 30 min cycling trial in a hot environment (35°C, 45% relative humidity) while maintaining a steady rate of perceived exertion. Participants of the intervention group produced greater power output during the final third of the trial. Findings suggest that the self-talk strategy seems to have compromised the aversive effects of the demanding environmental conditions and provide support for the psychobiological model of endurance performance. 相似文献
9.
Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis Evangelos Galanis Nikos Zourbanos Yannis Theodorakis 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(1):82-95
The purpose of the present study was to test the effectiveness of a 10-week self-talk intervention on competitive performance in young swimmers. Participants were 41 swimmers (M age 14.59, SD = 1.58 years), whose performance was recorded on 2 competitive occasions with a 10-week interval. In-between the 2 competitions, participants in the intervention group followed a self-talk training program. The results showed that the intervention group had greater performance improvements than the control group, thus, supporting the effectiveness of the program in enhancing sport performance in a competitive environment. The findings provide directions for the development of effective self-talk interventions. 相似文献
10.
Heather T. Peters Lorie Richards Brittani A. Basobas Julie M. Faieta Stephen J. Page 《Journal of motor behavior》2017,49(1):8-19
Stroke remains a leading cause of disability, with survivors experiencing long-term decrements in independence and quality of life. Occupational therapists (OTs) employ numerous neurorehabilitative treatment approaches to remediate impairments that are impeding performance. OTs also use physical agent modalities to facilitate increased participation and success in therapy. One such modality is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form a noninvasive brain stimulation that can be overlaid onto task practice and delivers a constant, low intensity current into the brain. tDCS is safe, portable, and efficacious in remediating a variety of deficits, yet is not consistently incorporated into clinical practice. The authors discuss the mechanisms, safety, evidence, and potential applications of tDCS to enhance outcomes for this growing population. 相似文献
11.
The relation between cooperative, competitive, and individualistic attitudes and psychological adjustment and health was examined in dedicated athletes. The respondents were 57 collegiate and semiprofessional ice hockey players who were trying out for the 1980 Olympic ice hockey team. The results indicated that the more cooperatively oriented the athletes, the greater their psychological adjustment and health; competitiveness was unrelated to indexes of psychological adjustment and health; and positive attitudes toward individualistic participation in athletics was correlated with psychological pathology and maladjustment. 相似文献
12.
The Psychological Record - Participants completed blocks of trials under simple (i.e., work-alone), competitive, and self-competitive fixed-interval 20-s schedules of reinforcement. In general,... 相似文献
13.
研究探讨了青少年田径运动员的自我设阻倾向与运动绩效的关系.研究表明:自我设阻影响着运动员的赛前焦虑情绪和运动绩效;情境性自我设阻在特质性自我设阻和运动员赛前焦虑、运动绩效之间发挥着中介作用.研究最后分析了自我设阻作用于青少年田径运动员运动绩效的可能心理机制,并提出了自我设阻在体育运动领域的可能研究方向. 相似文献
14.
Dimitrios A. Zisimopoulos 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2010,19(2):117-133
The present study examined the effectiveness of an instructional package that included an adapted version of pegword mnemonics
paired with a picture fading technique in teaching two students with moderate intellectual disabilities to recall 28 single-digit
multiplication facts between 2 and 9. The instructional package was assessed using a multiple baseline design across students.
Results indicated that instruction produced substantial and immediate effects in that both students increased their accuracy
at recalling basic multiplication facts, maintained the newly acquired skill, and were able to generalize it across material,
format, and another trainer. These results have implications for teaching students with intellectual disabilities basic math
facts that are considered important for gaining access to the general curriculum. 相似文献
15.
During the past decade the application of elementary principles of behavior have become a standard in the classroom teacher's repertoire of behavior change strategies. Unfortunately, the application of more advanced principles of behavior derived through basic behavioral research lies as an untapped resource for classroom teachers. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the use of systematic procedures to deliver reinforcers to enhance academic performance. In this paper we provide educators with information on the use of reinforcement schedules in academic settings. Various schedules of reinforcement are presented along with examples of their application in applied settings. 相似文献
16.
《Psychoanalytic Social Work》2013,20(2):135-155
This paper proposes a new method for integrating clinical practice and evaluation-The Contract Evaluation Procedure (CEP). This innovation involves using the treatment contract as an evaluation tool whereby the client's presenting problem and goal are placed on a continuum. This procedure should not place any additional demands on most clinicians. Use of the CEP facilitates increased evaluation of practice as well as the effectiveness of practice itself. Issues of practice evaluation and contracting in general are discussed followed by an explication of the CEP. A case example using the CEP is provided and a discussion of how the CEP compares with other similar procedures follows. 相似文献
17.
Research on a CD-ROM containing 10 presenter-controlled modules for instruction supports the conclusion that research be done with in-service education that includes employment counselors. 相似文献
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19.
Diane M. Ste-Marie Amanda Rymal Kelly Vertes Rose Martini 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(3):292-307
The observation of oneself on video that has been edited to show a performance level higher than one can actually perform is a feedforward form of modeling, termed self-modeling (SM; Dowrick, 1999). In this research, gymnasts alternated between viewing and not viewing a SM video during their competitive season. Results showed that gymnasts attained significantly higher beam scores when they viewed the video versus when they did not. No differences in self-efficacy were observed using a quantitative measure; however, a qualitative analysis of interviews based on Zimmerman's (2000) model, indicated that a number of self-regulatory processes, including self-efficacy, were employed. 相似文献
20.
De‐Centering and Re‐Centering: Rethinking Concepts and Methods in the Sociological Study of Religion
Wendy Cadge Peggy Levitt David Smilde 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2011,50(3):437-449
Four conceptual and methodological edges or areas of study are outlined. They are located near what have been the boundaries between the sociology of religion and other subfields, where we believe a potential exists to encourage a wide range of scholars to revisit some central concepts. Paying attention to these edges—as a means to de‐center to re‐center our debates in new ways—not only broadens and deepens our knowledge of the “religious,” it encourages us to reexamine long‐standing conceptual tools, unquestioned assumptions, and accepted methods in the sociology of religion. We illustrate these edges through a review of recent literature and examples drawn from our current empirical projects. 相似文献