大学生成就动机、性格特征、控制点与自信关系的研究

本研究将成就动机、性格特征及内外控倾向三因素综合起来加以考察 ,探讨它们对大学生自信人格的影响作用及影响路径 ,从而揭示出四种人格特征之间的内在关系 ,2 3 5名大学生参加了测试。结果表明 :大学生成就动机、性格特征、内外控和自信等四种人格特征之间存在不同程度的相关 ;成就动机、内外控倾向和性别等主要变量对大学生自信有显著预测作用 ;成就动机和控制点对大学生自信具有直接效应 ,控制点和性格特征对自信具有间接效应     

大学生职业决策和自尊、成就动机的关系

在应用自尊量表(SES)和成就动机量表(AMS)对106名大学生(男生46名,女生60名)进行调查的基础上,通过设计框架性职业决策情景,探究了大学生职业决策和自尊、成就动机的关系。结果发现:(1)成就动机中避免失败变量与框架效应的交互作用对大学生职业决策倾向性有显著性影响;(2)自尊水平对大学生职业决策倾向性存在显著性作用;(3)框架效应在大学生职业决策中发生作用,对大学生的职业决策倾向性有显著的影响。     

Achievement Motivation and Type A Behavior as Motivational Orientations

This study investigated the relationships among achievement motivation, Type A behavior, and motivational orientation in a sample of college undergraduates. Employing a content analytic scoring system to assess intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations in open-ended material, intrinsic orientation was associated with achievement motivation and extrinsic orientation with Type A behavior. Supplementary analyses revealed a linkage between Type A behavior and instrumental concerns about interpersonal superiority and prestige. The findings help to bridge previously disparate research traditions in dispositional achievement behavior and contextual motivational orientation.     

Peer-Initiated Motivational Climate and Group Cohesion in Youth Sport

The purpose of the present study was to examine the reciprocal relationship between peer-initiated motivational climate and group cohesion. Measures of peer climate and cohesion were completed across the first half of a competitive season. Controlling for early season perceptions of the dependent variables, hierarchical regression results from 189 participants revealed that early season ego-related climate negatively predicted task cohesion near midseason (p <.01), and task cohesion at early season positively predicted task-related climate at midseason (p <.01). The current study offers preliminary insight into the direction of the relationships between the two constructs in competitive youth sport.     

大学生时间管理倾向与成就动机的相关研究

1 前言 时间管理倾向(time management disposition)是个人的一种具有动力性的人格特征(黄希庭,张志杰,2001),它由时间价值感、时间监控观和时间效能感构成,反映了人们对待时间的态度和价值观念,推动个体向一定的目标行动;作为现代人社会性格的一个重要标志,它表明善于管理时间的人其能力强、事业有成,极易在所在领域中获取成功。成就动机     

高等师范生成就动机取向特点的研究

本文以120名在校大学生为研究对象,分析了高等师范生的成就动机取向的特点。研究结果表明：1、高师生的个我取向成就动机明显高于社会取向成就动机;2、高师生成就动机取向的性别差异不明显;3、不同文化背景(城市与农村)学生的成就动机取向无明显差异;4、不同年级学生的成就动机取向无明显差异。     

长沙市大学生成就动机取向特点的研究

本研究从大学生学校类型、年级、性别三个维度,探讨长沙市大学生成就动机取向的特点。从湖南省长沙市三所大学中(湖南师范大学、湖南大学、中南大学)随机抽取300名大学生,每个学校各100名作为研究对象。研究结果表明:(1)长沙市大学生的个我取向成就动机明显高于社会取向成就动机;(2)长沙市不同学校类型的大学生成就动机取向无明显差异;(3)不同年级大学生的成就动机取向无明显差异;(4)长沙市大学生成就动机取向的性别差异显著。     

Finding Motivation to Learn: Exploring Achievement Goals in California Community College CalWORKs Students

This study investigated the achievement goals and motivations of California Community College CalWORKs students in an effort to better support student success and persistence. This study was guided by three research questions: (1) What type of achievement goals do CalWORKs students enter with? (2) What are their rationales for these types of achievement goals? (3) How malleable are these achievement goals? Interviews with 48 participants focused on better understanding the relationship between achievement goal type and motivation changes while in college. Findings indicate that CalWORKs students enter college with a range of goal types, but formany changes in goal type led to more intrinsic motivation and ultimately persistence toward graduation and career goals. Findings from this study also reveal thatexperiences highlighting students' ability to be competent as learners while balancing other roles helped catalyze change in achievement goal type and/or rationale. The results of this study emphasize that CalWORKs students' achievement goals are malleable, and particular college experiences can facilitate students' movement toward more academically focused goals. More specifically, placing more focus on additional student support programs that can foster peer networking, faculty interactions, and additional career exploration opportunities can lead to change in academic persistence.     

Women, Motivation, and Achievement

Women's educational and occupational achievements are crucial to the economic productivity and prosperity of the nation, as well as to the mental health of women and their families. In this article we review psychological research on motivation and on educational achievement, focusing on gender and the contributions that have been made by feminist researchers. Feminist psychologists noted the sex bias and methodological flaws in traditional research on achievement motivation and proposed vastly improved models, such as Eccles's expectancy x value model of achievement behavior. Contrary to stereotypes, gender similarities are typically found in areas such as mathematics performance. Policymakers should be concerned about gender bias in the SAT and about the Female Underprediction Effect. Additional threats to girls' and women's achievements include stereotype threat and peer sexual harassment in the schools.     

中学生学习动机、成就归因、学习效能感与成就状况之间因果关系的研究

该研究采用测验法对中学生学习动机、成就归因、学习效能感与成就状况之间的因果关系进行了探讨,并建立起因果关系模型。研究结果表明：学习动机、成就归因、学习效能感与成就状况之间是相互联系和相互影响的,学习动机、成就归因、学习效能感直接或间接影响个体的成就状况。     

The Relationships of Perceived Motivational Climate to Cohesion and Collective Efficacy in Elite Female Teams

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of perceived motivational climate to cohesion and collective efficacy in elite female teams. A total of 124 basketball and handball athletes completed two season measures (T1, T2). Relationships were examined at an individual level both statically and across time. Canonical correlations revealed that a combination of high perceptions of an ego-involving but low perceptions of a task-involving climate were associated with low perceptions of task cohesion at Time 1. High perceptions of a task-involving but low perceptions of an ego-involving climate were associated with higher perceptions of task cohesion and collective efficacy at Time 2. Moreover, low perceptions of an ego-involving and moderately low perceptions of a task-involving climate were associated with high perceptions of social cohesion at Time 2. Regression analyses including autoregressive influence indicated that a task-involving climate positively predicted variance in T2 group integration-task and collective efficacy after controlling for T1 scores. In contrast, an ego-involving climate negatively predicted changes in T2 athletes’ perceptions of social cohesion (individual attractions to the group-social [ATG-S], group integration-social [GI-S]) and group integration-task [GI-T] after controlling for T1 scores. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

女大专生自主学习策略与学业等级关系研究

为了解女大专生的自主学习策略与学业等级关系,随机整群选取了学前03大专毕业班的147名女生进行了自主学习策略问卷调查。结果发现:女大专生自主学习策略水平处于一般中等水平,她们较多采用复述策略、规范策略;较少采用批判思考策略和计划策略。学业低分组女大专生在复述策略得分上显著高于高分组,在其它策略得分上均显著低于高分组。影响女大专生学业成绩的是批判策略、组织策略、复述策略、监控策略等因子共同影响的结果,但复述策略阻碍学业成绩提高和发展。     

聋生心理健康与成就动机、行为方式的相互影响

以苏州市聋生这一特殊群体为研究对象,运用问卷调查和半结构式访谈的方法,探讨其心理健康状况及影响因素。结果发现,聋生的心理健康程度不及正常学生,表现在总分以及躯体症状、焦虑担忧、抑郁三个分量表上的得分均高于正常学生。学业压力、应对方式、内部成就动机和外部成就动机是影响聋生心理健康的重要因素,聋生所感受到的社会支持程度要高于正常学生,聋生的成就动机也高于正常学生,而面对压力,他们的行为应对方式却较多退缩性的。造成这种矛盾的原因是家庭和学校教育中对聋生自强、自立、自理能力培养不到位,助长了聋生因残疾而产生的惰性和依赖性行为,对聋生的心理健康产生了消极影响。社会应提倡更多的正常人学习手语,让聋生有更好的社会交往环境     

不同形式的评估反馈对大学生的学习动机和学习成绩的影响

选取大学生被试,采用实验组对照组前后测实验设计考察不同评估反馈类型(个体反馈,任务反馈,社会反馈,无反馈)对大学生的学习动机和学习成绩的影响。结果发现:(1)随着时间的推移,4组成绩均升高,任务反馈对学习成绩有积极的影响,其余三组无显著差别,评估反馈与动机水平的交互作用不显著;(2)任务反馈能够提高大学生的学习动机,其余三组降低学习动机。     

Causal Relationships among Self-Concept,Attributions, and Achievement in Filipino Students

Abstract

Path-analytic models linking measures of self-concept, attributions, and grades of 194 Filipino high school students were examined. Attributions for successful outcomes to ability or effort were found to mediate the causal relationship between achievement and self-esteem within specific areas of academic content. Negative paths leading from ability attributions for success in math to reading self-concept and for success in reading to math self-concept were interpreted to reflect the simultaneous operation of internal and external frames of reference (Marsh & Shavelson, 1985).     

大学生利他动机的调查研究

研究的主要目的是对大学生利他动机进行调查分析。测量工具为利己性利他动机量表和利他性利他动机量表。被试取自北京5所高校的大学生1920名。结果显示：57.4%的大学生报告高度利己性利他动机。63.2%的大学生报告高度利他性利他动机。性别、独生子女、家庭地点等因素均同大学生利己性利他动机无关。独生子女、家庭地点、学校性质同大学生利他性利他动机有显著关系。     

Gender Role Development and Body Image among Male and Female First Year College Students

In the current study we examined associations between gender role development and body image. Male and female first-semester college students (N = 434) who identified as African American, Latino/a American, and European American completed surveys about gendered personality traits (instrumentality/expressivity), gender role attitudes, and aspects of body image (e.g., satisfaction, orientation). Gendered traits were more frequently associated with body image than were gender role attitudes. In particular, individuals who were more instrumental and less inauthentic in their relationships felt more positive about their bodies. Gender role attitudes were also associated with body image, but sometimes in an unexpected direction. These findings highlight the importance of examining multiple components of gender role development and body image in both men and women.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2004 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Baltimore, MD. This research was supported by grant R01 HD 41720 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to Eva S. Lefkowitz.     

Emerging adult self-perception and link with adjustment to academic context among Female College Students

ObjectivesThis research aimed to investigate female emerging adult students’ self-perception in relation to their adjustment to academic context in France.MethodFirst, a preliminary study was a validation of the French version of the Self-Perception Profile for College Students (SPPCS, Neeman & Harter, 2012). Second, the study explored freshman year emerging adult females’ self-perception profiles based on the SPPCS, and their association with adjustment to academic context (depression and academic results).ResultsCluster analysis revealed seven self-perception profiles characterized by both global self-worth and self-esteem domains. These profiles were differently associated with positive and negative adjustment.ConclusionOverall, the findings highlight the importance of considering both global self-worth and domain-specific self-esteem to emphasize emerging adult students’ self-perception and its links with adjustment.     

情绪智力对大学生创业意向的影响:成就动机和创业自我效能感的链式中介作用

为探讨情绪智力、成就动机、创业自我效能感和大学生创业意向之间的关系。使用情绪智力量表、成就动机量表、创业自我效能感量表和创业意向量表对986名大学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)成就动机中介了情绪智力与大学生创业意向之间的关系。(2)创业自我效能感中介了成就动机与大学生创业意向间的关系。(3)创业自我效能感中介了情绪智力与大学生创业意向之间的关系。(4)成就动机和创业自我效能感在情绪智力与大学生创业意向之间起链式中介作用。