医学阐释学--医学哲学研究新视角

医学阐释学是哲学阐释学在医学领域的应用,是医学与哲学交叉的一个新领域.简述哲学阐释学的发展以及其主要观点,并集中讨论了医学阐释学研究的范畴,其中包括:人体的现象学、健康和病患的意义、医患关系、生命伦理学、医学的目的.指出医学阐释学对医学哲学、医学人文科学研究的影响.     

当代进化生物学研究的三种进路及其传统

当代生物进化的研究存在着生物系统学与生态学进路、理论生物学进路和系统生物学进路,这几种进路的研究范式继承了生物学在历史发展中形成的博物学、哲学和医学生理学这几个主要的研究传统,它们在不同方向上把进化生物学的研究推进到一个新的层次.     

医学哲学:一个不应忽视的课题

本期<医学与哲学>,全文刊载了中国自然辩证法研究会医学哲学专业委员会制定的<医学哲学研究纲要>,这是一个有深远意义的文件.     

论医学哲学的特征

医学哲学也称为医学辩证法,是在总结医学科学成就的基础上,通过对医学理论和实践中一般、普遍、共性问题的研究,揭示医学认识主体思维活动普遍规律的科学：是人们认识和处理健康和疾病问题的一般方法论。无论是与医学还是与哲学相比。医学哲学都有着显著的区别,运用对比分析的方法。对医学哲学的研究对象、理论体系特别是思维方式等不同方面的特征,进行理论探讨。     

医学哲学研究纲要

医学哲学作为科学技术哲学的一个分支学科,伴随着上世纪后50年医学科学的发展,特别是生物技术的迅速进步,其内容有了很大的扩展.当今,医学已经向哲学发出了呼唤.本研究纲要旨在从过去20多年国内外医学哲学的实际出发,为医学哲学的研究领域划出一个基本轮廓,以促进我国医学哲学的繁荣、医学人才的成长和医学科学的发展.     

论希波克拉底的医学哲学思想

被尊称为"西方医学之父"的希波克拉底同时也是当之无愧的"医学哲学之父".希波克拉底的医学哲学思想具有源于而不囿于自然哲学的特征;希波克拉底为医学哲学铸造了基本的理论范式:他对医学哲学的研究对象、研究方法、临床认识主体的人文品格等诸多问题有着原创性的论述,他对医学实践中的普遍问题的研究如医学性质、早期诊断、预后分析、病人个体差异、遗传现象、生理与心理的关系、误诊误治等,为医学哲学理论框架的形成奠定了坚实的基础.     

医学的哲学存在与医生的哲学修养

医学的哲学存在是由人的哲学存在所决定的.医学人的哲学修养与医学责任的承担、医学价值的实现有着非常密切的关系.提高医学人的哲学修养有助于医学实践过程中许多困惑的排解.然而,良好的哲学修养不可能一蹴而就,它需要医学人长期地、有意识地、下苦功去修炼和培养.     

先秦两汉道家哲学对中医学生命观的影响

生命问题不仅仅是一个医学问题,也是一个哲学问题.先秦两汉道家哲学对中医学生命观的影响深刻而久远,这体现在中医学关于生命的本源以及养生等各个方面.研究先秦两汉中医哲学,必须重视对道家哲学生命观的研究,这是中医哲学核心问题之一.     

当代医学哲学的课题与历史责任--恩格尔哈特教授答杜治政教授问

2004年10月24日,本刊主编杜治政教授就<医学与哲学>杂志2004年第12期发表的<医学哲学研究纲要>及一组医学哲学方面的文章,致信美国<医学与哲学杂志>主编H. T.恩格尔哈特教授(H.Tristrm Engelhardt),提出了七个有关医学哲学研究和教育方面的问题,恩格尔哈特教授于2005年2月将答复寄给本刊,现予以发表,以飨读者.     

精诚合一:医学哲学事业的永恒主题

医学哲学事业的价值在于发现并弘扬医学的基本精神。“精诚合一”是医学亘古不变的基本精神。当代医学哲学研究的任务是揭示医学的“精诚合一”特征及其深刻内涵,注重“精”与“诚”的有机结合,批判现实医疗活动和理论研究在“精”、“诚”问题上的片面,弘扬医学的基本精神。     

Quantum Biology and Psychology

Female college students (N = 112) completed a test battery of personality scales and performance tasks at home over four consecutive evenings, under one of eight combinations of the following experimental conditions: Schedule Source (experimenter versus self) × Scheduled Starting Time (strict versus lenient) × Plausibility of the Experiment. Delay in starting, summed over four evenings, constituted the measure of behavioral procrastination. This measure was moderately correlated with high test anxiety scores and low self-regulation. Procrastination was exacerbated when subjects were permitted to schedule the time of their expected completion of the test battery. Significant interactions of specific experimental conditions and specific personal traits demonstrated the situational requirements for trait-behavior relationships to emerge. Findings supported the internal consistency and construct validity of the behavioral procrastination measure. The practical and heuristic applications of a stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) design and the theory-coordinated choice of experimental manipulation and corresponding organismic variable are recommended for future investigations of procrastination.     

Relational Biology of Symbiosis

I formulate in relational terms the ubiquitous biological interaction of symbiosis. I explicate the topology of the different modes of relational interactions of (M, R)-networks, the entailment diagrams that model the host and the symbiont. These modes all have biological realizations as various categories of symbiotic relationships, ranging from mutualism to parasitism to infection.     

The Biology of Morality

Abstract. The morality of human beings, defined here as our ability to determine whether our actions are right or wrong, depends not just on following rules but also on understanding the impact of our actions on another person. How we understand the impact of our actions on another person depends on our state of consciousness, which is mediated by our brain and nervous system. We describe how we understand our morality to flow naturally from the biological state we are living in and how we see our biology and our morality as mutually interactive. A change in one changes the other. Another way of saying this is that changing either our morality or our biology changes both—changes who we are and what we do.     

查美尼克在分子生物学方面的贡献

查美尼克是分子生物学的奠基人之一,第一个开发了无细胞蛋白质合成体系,发现了蛋白质合成中氨基酸ATP活化机制,发现了tRNA及其在基因表达中的作用,特别是发明的反义技术创造了一个新的生物技术原理。通过查美尼克的成就我们可以对分子生物学历史面貌有一个了解从而对生命科学的发展有一个新的视点。     

查美尼克在分子生物学方面的贡献

查美尼克是分子生物学的奠基人之一,第一个开发了无细胞蛋白质合成体系,发现了蛋白质合成中氨基酸ATP活化机制,发现了tRNA及其在基因表达中的作用,特别是发明的反义技术创造了一个新的生物技术原理.通过查美尼克的成就我们可以对分子生物学历史面貌有一个了解从而对生命科学的发展有一个新的视点.     

Biology of elderly suicide.

Most studies of suicide in younger patients have demonstrated significant alterations in the serotonin system. Although a high percentage of completed suicides occur in late-life, to date very few studies of the biology of suicide have focused on this age group. This chapter describes age-related changes in the central nervous system pertinent to the biology of suicide, then reviews post-mortem biological studies of the brains of suicides and suicide attempters. As suicide attempts in the elderly are characterized by the use of violent means, biologic studies of impulsive violence are discussed. Finally we describe data on the effect of degenerative diseases on the serotonin system and the possible link to increased suicidal behavior in affected patients. This review underscores the need for further study of the biology of suicide in the geriatric age group.     

A Paradoxical Theology of Biology

Abstract

This article examines a sermon in which Desmond Tutu advocates for gay rights in light of his activism against apartheid in South Africa. In doing so it uncovers a paradoxical theology of biology that enables him to advocate universal notions of justice simultaneously with love for particular persons and bodies. This advocacy, however, is susceptible to the critiques of queer theorists and theologians who worry that liberationist frameworks unwittingly reinscribe injustices against a variety of queer persons. The article concludes by raising new questions to be asked about Desmond Tutu’s theology, and liberation theologies in general, about the potential of liberationist and prophetic frameworks for achieving social justice. It also raises questions for queer theology about the possibility and political efficacy of queering the act of preaching.