Survival and Separation

Philosophical Studies -     

日本侵华战争的国民责任探析

日本侵华战争的责任不能仅归咎于少数统治者,普通民众对战争也负有不可推卸的责任.二战时期,日本社会各界都投入拥护支持战争的浪潮之中,掀起了"举国战争狂热".传统国民性是日本掀起全民战争狂热的重要原因.浓重的狭隘民族主义是近代日本民族的基本特征,他们中的多数人曾虔诚地投入了侵略战争,并把自己的命运与之紧密地联系在一起,才使得在整个战争期间乃至战后,没有多少人对自己的错误思想、行为做出反省,这也是日本总不能对这场战争有彻底的正确认识的民众根源.     

Invasion of Ukraine: Observations on Leader-Followers Relationships

This paper illustrates how and when the personality characteristics of a political leader can initiate and/or become intertwined with societal and political processes. We are not suggesting that “real world” issues and secondary process calculations are not important or should be discarded in favor of psychological considerations. Instead, we suggest that psychoanalysts and psychodynamically informed mental health professionals can contribute to a more complete analysis of political or societal processes and the personalities of leaders who play major roles in them. Only through such interdisciplinary work can we fully understand the complex and intertwined nature of the crucial events that shape political leaders’ internal and external worlds.

     

论德性与权力的断然分离

本文从"内圣开出新外王"命题所面对的理论困境切入,认为内圣成就德性而德化常人,并不依靠权力,但政治统治的根基却是暴力性的权力.德化与统治的不同,来自于德性与权力的断然分离.断然分离是指在德性与权力之间完全找不到必然的联系.正因二者断然分离,才产生德性与权力结合的必要,也才产生为政以德的诉求.     

Separation and individuation issues in psychosocial rehabilitation.

This paper utilizes the theoretical formulations of Margaret Mahler and her colleagues on separation and individuation in order to understand how to plan psycho-rehabilitation programs for emotionally disturbed adolescents and young adults. The separation-individuation process and anxiety issues are discussed and analyzed in terms of both theory and practical application.     

Fine-grained Concurrency with Separation Logic

Reasoning about concurrent programs involves representing the information that concurrent processes manipulate disjoint portions of memory. In sophisticated applications, the division of memory between processes is not static. Through operations, processes can exchange the implied ownership of memory cells. In addition, processes can also share ownership of cells in a controlled fashion as long as they perform operations that do not interfere, e.g., they can concurrently read shared cells. Thus the traditional paradigm of distributed computing based on locations is replaced by a paradigm of concurrent computing which is more tightly based on program structure. Concurrent Separation Logic with Permissions, developed by O’Hearn, Bornat et al., is able to represent sophisticated transfer of ownership and permissions between processes. We demonstrate how these ideas can be used to reason about fine-grained concurrent programs which do not employ explicit synchronization operations to control interference but cooperatively manipulate memory cells so that interference is avoided. Reasoning about such programs is challenging and appropriate logical tools are necessary to carry out the reasoning in a reliable fashion. We argue that Concurrent Separation Logic with Permissions provides such tools. We illustrate the logical techniques by presenting the proof of a concurrent garbage collector originally studied by Dijkstra et al., and extended by Lamport to handle multiple user processes.     

"人文解剖学"视野中的医学创伤与医疗干预

医学发展至今,一直是"征服疾病"的干预手段,这种干预有着扩展和泛化的趋势,逐渐由修复向替代发展.随着医学人文思想的逐步觉醒,"人文解剖学"的引入,人们开始对医疗干预,尤其是创伤干预进行了反思.微创医学的兴起,从三个方面给予这种过度干预以新的思考.由此而得到的启示是,医学需要两盏灯引路,一盏是职业和技术的灯,一盏是人文主义的灯.     

Perceptions of Americans and the Iraq Invasion: Implications for Understanding National Character Stereotypes

This study examines perceptions of the "typical American" from 49 cultures around the world. Contrary to the ethnocentric bias hypothesis, we found strong agreement between in-group and out-group ratings on the American profile (assertive, open-minded, but antagonistic); Americans in fact had a somewhat less desirable view of Americans than did others. Within cultures, in-group ratings were not systematically more favorable than out-group ratings. The Iraq invasion had a slight negative effect on perceptions of the typical American, but people around the world seem to draw a clear distinction between U.S. foreign policy and the character of the American people. National character stereotypes appear to have a variety of sources and to be perpetuated by both cognitive mechanisms and socio-cultural forces.     

Rule Separation and Embedding Theorems for Logics Without Weakening

A full separation theorem for the derivable rules of intuitionistic linear logic without bounds, 0 and exponentials is proved. Several structural consequences of this theorem for subreducts of (commutative) residuated lattices are obtained. The theorem is then extended to the logic LR ⁺ and its proof is extended to obtain the finite embeddability property for the class of square increasing residuated lattices.     

Topological Separation Principles And Logical Theories

This paper is dedicated to Newton da Costa, who,among his many achievements, was the first toaim at dualising intuitionism in order to produce paraconsistent logics,the C-systems. This paper similarly dualises intuitionism to aparaconsistent logic, but the dual is a different logic, namely closed setlogic. We study the interaction between the properties of topologicalspaces, particularly separation properties, and logical theories on thosespaces. The paper begins with a brief survey of what is known about therelation between topology and modal logic, intuitionist logic and paraconsistentlogic in respect of the incompleteness and inconsistency of theories.Necessary and sufficient conditions which relate the T ₁-property to theproperties of logical theories, are obtained. The result is then extendedto Hausdorff and Normal spaces. In the final section these methods areused to vary the modelling conditions for identity.