适应性绩效：一个尚需深入研究的领域

适应性绩效是指应对工作要求和环境变化的各类行为。相关实证研究表明, 适应性绩效与任务绩效和周边绩效可能存在内容上的重叠, 有关适应性绩效的具体结构维度还存在争议。一般认知能力、知识技能、大五人格、自我效能、组织内的人际支持和环境支持, 以及组织外社会关系网络等因素对适应性绩效具有预测作用。未来的研究可以从适应性绩效的理论建构、测量工具、影响因素和实践应用等方面进行深入探讨。     

内隐绩效模型对绩效评估一致性的效应分析

本文在以往研究基础上,对评估者的内隐绩效模型进行了理论分析和实证研究。通过对上级、一级评估者的内隐绩效模型和对下级绩效评估的比较研究发现,上下级主估者的内隐绩效模型存在差异,并对绩效评估的一致性有重要的影响作用。本文还对内隐绩效模型的形成进行了探讨。     

职务绩效评估的因果模型

职务绩效评估是人力资源管理中的一个关键问题。本文着重介绍了几种有关职务绩效评估的因果模型 ,揭示了这些模型的演变过程及其背后的理论变化。同时也指出了以往研究在理论、方法和研究范围上的一些不足 ,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

绩效模型的最新研究进展

自八十年代后．绩效评估研究的重心已经转向绩效评估的认知过程研究,其中绩效模型研究成为人们普遍关注的一个焦点。从绩效概念和模型的构建看,绩效模型的研究思路与方法,管理决策中绩效模型的影响作用等方面都取得了一些新的成果。     

管理人员绩效评估的初步探索

本文在回顾了国外绩效评估研究状况的基础上 ,提出应加强管理人员绩效评估的研究。作者在文中提出了一个由任务绩效、管理成效、工作行为三方面构成的管理人员绩效评估思路 ,并通过为某国有商业银行的省级分行领导的绩效评估实践中 (总样本量为 14 ,171) ,初步验证了这一思路     

学生评价教师绩效的结构验证性因素分析

文章采用开放式调查、关键事件访谈、理论分析等方法建构了教师绩效的结构,并通过验证性因索分析验证了学生评价教师绩效的结构包含6个一阶因子,即职业道德、职务奉献、助人合作、教学效能、教学价值与师生互动,这6个因子组成了2个二阶因子,前3个因子属于关系绩效,后3个因子属于任务绩效。     

非盈利组织的绩效管理—壹基金的绩效评估及启示

非盈利组织似乎不太重视绩效和成果,然而相对企业而言,非盈利组织的绩效和成果其实更加重要,但也更难测评和控制。绩效评估作为绩效管理的一项重要内容,可以说直接关系到绩效管理的成败。因此,本文通过对壹基金这一具有代表性的非营利性组织进行绩效评估的案例分析,并结合管理大师彼得德鲁克和其他学者的对于非营利组织的绩效管理的理论进行分析研究,从而构建非营利组织的绩效评估的框架体系。     

我国公务员绩效评估公平性结构的实证研究

本论文以833名公务员为对象,通过构建公务员绩效评估公平性问卷,对公务员绩效评估公平性的结构进行了探讨。探索性因素分析表明,公务员绩效评估公平性的结构主要包括评估系统公平、评估者公平、信息公平和人际公平等四个维度;验证性因素分析表明问卷,具有较好的构思效度和建构信度,其问卷可以作为测量公务员绩效评估公平性的工具。     

同事评价教师绩效的结构验证性因素分析

考察了教师绩效同事评价结果的因素结构。通过文献回顾、开放式调查、关键事件访谈和理论分析,提出了教师绩效的结构,通过验证性因素分析验证了同事评价教师绩效的结构。发现教师绩效包含6个维度,即职业道德、职务奉献、助人合作、教学效能、教学价值与师生互动,前3个维度组成关系绩效,其余维度组成任务绩效。关系绩效与任务绩效有较高的相关。     

个体和群体方式绩效评估的准确性研究

本研究通过对 2 1 0名大学生以个体和群体方式对两个学科评估结果的研究 ,分析了个体与群体评估方式以及不同的评估标准对评估过程和评估结果的影响。研究结果表明 :1群体评估方式有利于减少评估中的晕轮效应 ;2群体方式有利于提高对评估信息的利用水平 ;3群体方式有利于提高评估者评分倾向 ,即代表性认知的一致程度 ;4群体方式有利于提高评估者理解绩效信息意义的一致程度 ;5群体方式评估时评估者对绩效信息结构的理解更为合理 ;6提供较为详细的评估标准有利于提高对信息的利用水平 ,有利于提高评估者评分倾向的一致程度以及评估者对学科差异的敏感性。     

Learning from Our Mistakes: Error Management Training for Mature Learners

This research explored the effects of training goal (learning goal vs. performance goal) and training type (error management vs. error avoidance) on word processing skill acquisition with older workers. Sixty-seven participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions and attended two interactive tutorial training sessions. Results indicated that error management training lead to significantly higher performance test scores, learning quiz scores, and requests for assistance compared to error avoidant training. Additionally, learning goals generated significantly higher performance test scores and intrinsic motivation levels relative to performance goals. Other applications of error management training are discussed.     

Affect and Performance in Organizational Settings

The recent literature on affect and performance in organizations is reviewed. The evidence suggests that affect is a stronger predictor of job performance than is job satisfaction. Job performance can be predicted from both dispositional (i.e., long-term) and state (i.e., short-term) affect. Pleasant affect is associated with new dimensions of performance such as extra-role proficiency. The evidence suggests that pleasant affect leads to strong performance, and also that strong performance leads to pleasant affect. Recent literature concerning psychological mechanisms linking affect and performance suggests that pleasant affect and unpleasant affect might be associated with strong performance on different dimensions. Suggestions for future research on the affective correlates of job performance are presented.     

医院文化建设对绩效管理的推助作用

在医疗卫生体制改革不断深入的今天,医院文化作为竞争的软实力显得尤为重要。探讨医院文化对绩效的主要影响途径及两者之间的关系,使医院绩效与医院文化相互渗透、相互结合,对避免医院片面追求经济效益,使医院达到更高的绩效水平,促进公立医院改革的顺利进行有着十分重要的意义。以医院文化为导向制定医院发展策略,完善分配制度,以期丰富、充实医院文化管理和绩效管理的相关理论体系,也为医院或其他组织在文化建设的践行上提供有益的参考。     

Goal Orientation and Work Role Performance: Predicting Adaptive and Proactive Work Role Performance Through Self-Leadership Strategies

This article explores the relationship between goal orientation, self-leadership dimensions, and adaptive and proactive work role performances. The authors hypothesize that learning orientation, in contrast to performance orientation, positively predicts proactive and adaptive work role performances and that this relationship is mediated by self-leadership behavior-focused strategies. It is posited that self-leadership natural reward strategies and thought pattern strategies are expected to moderate this relationship. Workers (N = 108) from a software company participated in this study. As expected, learning orientation did predict adaptive and proactive work role performance. Moreover, in the relationship between learning orientation and proactive work role performance through self-leadership behavior-focused strategies, a moderated mediation effect was found for self-leadership natural reward and thought pattern strategies. In the end, the authors discuss the results and implications are discussed and future research directions are proposed.     

心理旋转训练对5~6岁儿童空间能力和数学能力的影响

采用2（时间：前测/后测）×2（分组：实验组/控制组）的两因素混合实验设计,考察心理旋转游戏训练对5~6岁儿童空间及数学能力的影响。基于心理旋转的可塑性以及空间能力与数学能力之间的密切关系设计心理旋转干预方案,将36名被试分为实验组和控制组进行为期8周共24次的干预研究。研究结果表明：（1）空间能力与数学能力之间显著正相关;（2）心理旋转游戏有效地提高了5~6岁儿童的空间能力和数学能力,该训练方案具有良好的即时效果。     

企业人事培训的理论化问题

企业管理中人员培训的重要性已被企业及学者普遍认同。但目前国内企业的培训往往仅停留在描述和经验性水平。培训方法的科学化应该通过培训方法的研究来解决。培训方法研究的基本思路可概括为心理特质的界定\测量方法的操作化以及训练程序的合理化等。     

Working Memory Training Improves Dual-Task Performance on Motor Tasks

The authors investigated whether working memory training improves motor-motor dual-task performance consisted of upper and lower limb tasks. The upper limb task was a simple reaction task and the lower limb task was an isometric knee extension task. 45 participants (age = 21.8 ± 1.6 years) were classified into a working memory training group (WM-TRG), dual-task training group, or control group. The training duration was 2 weeks (15 min, 4 times/week). Our results indicated that working memory capacity increased significantly only in the WM-TRG. Dual-task performance improved in the WM-TRG and dual-task training group. Our study provides the novel insight that working memory training improves dual-task performance without specific training on the target motor task.     

Measuring Team Performance in Complex and Dynamic Military Environments: The SPOTLITE Method

The Scenario-based Performance Observation Tool for Learning In Team Environments (SPOTLITE) provides a systematic method for developing team performance measurement instruments comprised of behaviorally anchored rating scales that are tied to observable behaviors that tap critical knowledge and skills and can be assessed at specific intervals during a training scenario. We developed a measurement instrument for four-person teams of F-16 pilots training for air-to-air combat in a high-fidelity simulation environment and implemented it in a handheld computer to support fast and accurate data entry as a team executes a scenario. An experiment demonstrated the sensitivity, reliability, and validity of the instrument.     

Case Demonstration of Environmental Cuing and Brief Supervision Monitoring as Performance Management Interventions with Educational Care Providers

Abstract

The present study evaluated two interventions to improve task completion-data recording by two classroom instructors at a school for children and youth with neurodevelopmental disorders. Compared to a baseline phase, intervention through environmental cuing (strategic task scheduling) was ineffective. The addition of brief supervision monitoring (task preview and review) increased task completion-data recording to high levels and the improved performance of the classroom instructors and was sustained one month following the study in the absence of intervention. Social validity assessment documented high approval of and satisfaction with brief supervision monitoring. We discuss these findings with reference to practical and efficient methods of performance management that can be implemented with care providers in educational services settings.