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《Pratiques Psychologiques》2006,12(3):241-253
Taijin kyofusho, frequent in Japan, is a trouble characterized by fear of offending others by an inappropriate behavior or a physical appearance. We bring out three puzzles that are raised by the clinical elements and the cultural factors involved in this trouble: 1) the anxiety is for other persons and not for the Self; 2) the anxiogenic situations are concerned with a presence of acquaintances and never of complete strangers; 3) those situations are related to the spatialized image of the Self given to the others. To cast light on these puzzles, we use the conceptual framework of representational spaces, which allow to describe the subjective universe that can be displayed from memory. We underline the transcultural value of some aspects of taijin kyofusho. 相似文献
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The aim of this work is to study professions from a psychosocial perspective. As such, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to detect the “specific” and “transversal” competences of two professional groups: psychologists and educators. The results show the job seniority and the intervention area are the two elements, linked to the professional context, more involved into the development of the perception of oneself competence and consequently into professionalisation process. The psychologic dimensions, we supposed implied into the development of competence process - for example Self efficacy and Professional commitment - were competence premonitory elements, implied in the professionalisation process, too. 相似文献
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A semantic usability approach was used for the ergonomic conception of the electronic schoolbag with Methods from Cognitive Psychology and Artificial Intelligence. A formal object-oriented analysis as well as the questioning and observing users provided principles as a guide for user-based conception. Similar results were found from both methods. They indicated how to build an easy-to-use interface that improves school apprenticeship. 相似文献
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In order to study the correlational and causal relationships which link the antecedents, the process, and the results of the school-to-work transition, a longitudinal research (18 months) was performed with a sample of 123 engineering students during the last semester of their academic program. A multidimensional theoretical approach allowed to show, with the use of structural equations, that the intention to find a job (antecedent) resulted essentially from the perceived behavioral control and the social norm associated with such a project, and predicted the efficiency of the job search activity (process) which, itself, significantly determined the objective and the subjective quality (result) of the obtained job. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications and of possible preventive interventions with persons who have to cope with a school-to-work transition. 相似文献
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《Pratiques Psychologiques》2006,12(3):305-315
Starting from an experiment she coordinated among a group of educational psychologists, the author reflects on psychological intervention programmes. Following the group's questions, she organises her reflection along three main lines: the function of the institution, the function of the reference theories, and the nature of the process involved in those programmes. As far as the first two points are concerned, the clinical psychologist's practice appears paradoxical. The first paradox is that the institution does not acknowledge him or her as a promoter of subjectivity; the second concerns the lack of articulation of the relationship with theory, i.e. psychoanalytical theory. After questioning those paradoxes, which cannot be resolved, the author shows that the specific action of clinical psychologists can have a legitimate place, providing they ponder deeply on the meaning of their intervention, and ground their reflection on transitional analysis, as it has been defined by several French authors, in reference to Winnicott: the transition period as well as the transitional area. 相似文献
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This article questions congruence between the contents of the definition of the concept of normative perspicacity and Jellison and Green's paradigm to obtain its measurement. It centres the discussion on the capacity of the subjects to answer the changes of instructions and restores it in the study of complex mechanisms governing the relations of the individuals with the social standards. 相似文献
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In this article, we present Semasit, a semantic database for French verbs developed for the purposes of experimental research in psycholinguistics and neuropsychology. This database features the distribution of the agents and patients of 96 verbs of interpersonal relations, and 60 verbs of change of state, based on their probability of occurence for 100 participants. It also provides the free-association norms of these 156 verbs. The degree of imagery is also presented for some of them. For 24 verbs of interpersonal relations, this semantic database is completed by the distribution of the patients, when an agent and a verb are presented together. It also provides the free association norms of the patients in this case. This database in freely accessible and can be downloaded from the Internet: http://www.mshs.univ-poitiers.fr/lmdc/semasit/frame-index.htm. 相似文献
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According to Suls (1972), humor relies on the simultaneous perception of a situation from the perspective of two self-consistent but normally incompatible frames of reference, namely incongruity. The subsequent resolution of the incongruity triggers positive emotional states such as mirth. The aim of the present question review is to highlight that Suls’ theory, though crucial, is insufficient, because it does not sufficiently allow to identify the various assessment processes and the range of emotion that may arise. The present question review is based on four parts. The first part presents the Incongruity-Resolution's model and the supporting research. The second presents four sets of results, which cannot be interpreted in the narrow framework of Suls’ theory. The third part presents empirical research on emotion, highlighting the importance of surprise, as well as positive and negative emotions triggered by humor process. Finally, in the fourth part, we propose a cognitivo-emotional model established on the main results described in this article in order to both complete Suls’ theory and to promote the study of the relationship between the cognitive and emotional aspects of humor. 相似文献
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Over 60 years ago, developmental and educational psychologist Robert J. Havighurst (1948, 1953, 1972) proposed the concept of “developmental-task” in order to better understand and help improve if necessary the psychosocial development of the individual. This concept is still widely used in German and Anglo-American psychology and deserves, according to us, to be better known in France. Thus, the aim of the paper is to present different aspects of this concept and to demonstrate its interest for developmental psychology. 相似文献
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Y. Forner 《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2006,12(1):29-38
Two inventories assessing interests of boys (QIG 7,6,5) and of girls (QIF 7,6,5) have been completed by 428 pupils of seventh form in 2004. Results have been compared with those obtained in 1970 and 1976 in comparable studies. On the one hand, appears a fall of the scientific interests and interests for nature and, on the other hand, a rise of the artistic and manual, social and commercial interests. Variations are differentiated for two categories: literary interests are stable among boys and in fall among girls, while sport interests are in rise (G) or stable (F). At last, scores in two specific categories are stable: mechanics (G), domestic (F). These variations seem to follow a general social evolution, but do not modify the differences between genders. 相似文献
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R. Garon M. Théorêt M. Hrimech A. Carpentier 《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2006,12(4):327-337
Recruiting and retaining school principals are problematic all over the world. If a lot of researches studied teachers stress, few studied school leaders stress. Nevertheless, it is recognized that they influence both teachers satisfaction and students success. This paper is based on an exploratory study on resiliency among school personnel working in disadvantaged districts. We know, from studies, that some protective factors correlate positively with resiliency. On the other hand, some risk factors correlate negatively. In our study nine school principals filled a questionnaire on work resiliency: three have been diagnosed as resilient, and two as vulnerable. Following semi-structured interviews, we found that resilient principals filled their conversation with individual protective factors, like professional competency, whereas environmental risk factors, like violence, prevail in the discourse of vulnerable principal. Discussion suggests avenues for further research on resiliency. 相似文献
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