Her-2在分化型甲状腺癌中的表达及意义

探讨Her-2在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)中的表达意义.随机选取湖南省人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科近5年DTC64例,应用免疫组化法检测癌组织中的Her-2的表达,并以良性甲状腺疾病36例作为对照,分析Her-2对DTC的可能作用.结果Her-2在64例DTC中阳性表达为21.9％(14/64),而在36例甲状腺良性疾病中阳性表达为2.8％(1/36),两者间的表达存在差异显著性(P＜0.05).Her-2表达与临床分期和P53的表达均具有相关性(P均＜0.05).Her-2在DTC中呈较高表达,而在良性甲状腺疾病中表达率极低,Her-2可能与DTC的发生相关.     

Pirh2在分化型甲状腺癌中的表达及意义

探讨Pirh2、P53在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)中的表达及其意义.随机选取湖南省人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科2006.6～2011.6间DTC64例,应用免疫组化法检测癌组织中的Pirh2、P53的表达.并以结节性甲状腺肿等良性甲状腺疾病病例作为对照,分析Pirh2、P53对DTC的可能作用.Pirh2、P53分别在64例DTC中阳性表达为68.8％ (44/64)、28.1％(18/64),而在36例甲状腺良性疾病中阳性表达为25％(9/36)、16.7％(6/36).Pirh2在DTC与良性肿瘤间的表达存在差异显著性(P＜0.001).P53在两者间的表达无差异显著性(P＞0.05).Pirh2表达与P53的表达具有正相关性(r=0.316、P＜0.05).Pirh2在DTC中呈较高表达,而在良性甲状腺疾病中表达率低,Pirh2可能与P53共同调节DTC的发生发展.     

探讨甲状腺结节内钙化对甲状腺癌的临床意义

为探讨甲状腺结节内钙化与甲状腺癌的关系,本文对手术病理证实的145例212个甲状腺钙化结节超声声像图表现进行回顾性分析,按照钙化的大小、形状及位置进行分型,统计癌性结节与非癌结节出现各类钙化的比例。结论为甲状腺良、恶性肿瘤均可出现钙化,位于内部、斑点状、针尖样或砂粒样的微钙化结节往往提示恶性可能。超声检查对诊断甲状腺疾...     

CXCR4和CXCR7在甲状腺癌中的表达及病理意义

研究甲状腺癌组织中趋化因子4受体（CXCR4）和趋化因子7受体（CXCR7）的表达情况及临床病理意义。应用免疫组织化学PV-6000法及Westernblot法检测CXCR4与CXCR7在甲状腺癌中的表达。二者在甲状腺癌与甲状腺良性疾病组织的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,在甲状腺癌中表达仅与淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）,CXCR4与CXCR7之间呈正相关。Westernblot结果提示二者在甲状腺癌中的表达率高于癌旁及甲状腺腺瘤。CXCR4和CXCR7的表达水平与淋巴结转移相关,可作为甲状腺癌预后的判断指标。     

ES、iNOS及bFGF在桥本氏甲状腺炎中表达的研究

采用S-P法检测17例HT患者甲状腺组织切除标本和9例正常甲状腺组织标本中ES、iNOS及bFGF的表达并分析其之间的相关性,以探讨三者在HT发生发展中的作用.结果HT组中ES、iNOS及bFGF的表达程度均明显高于正常组(P均＜0.05),其中ES与bFGF表达无显著相关性(P>0.05),ES与iNOS、bFGF与iNOS的表达均呈显著正相关(r=0.531,r=0.723,P均＜0.05).结论为在HT中,高表达的ES、iNOS及bFGF在其发生和发展中可能具有重要作用,为研究其病理生理变化和发病机理提供了理论依据.     

Osteopontin在肾细胞癌中的表达及意义

探讨骨桥蛋白(Osteopontin,OPN)在肾细胞癌中mRNA的表达及其与临床病理特征之间的关系.采用逆转录一聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测OPN在肾细胞癌组织和对照邻近非癌肾组织中mRNA的表达.结果OPN在肾细胞癌组织中呈现mRNA上调表达并与癌症分期和淋巴转移相关(P＜0.05).因此,OPN上调表达与肾细胞癌进展、转移、预后等密切相关.     

163例单乳管溢液外科诊治体会

探讨单乳管溢液患者的临床特征与疾病良、恶性的关系。回顾性分析2015年6月~2016年7月笔者所在医院收治的163例单乳管溢液患者临床资料。163例患者均接受手术治疗,术后病理证实导管内乳头状瘤89例,乳腺导管扩张症27例,导管扩张症合并导管内乳头状瘤6例,导管扩张症伴慢性炎症3例,腺病及导管上皮增生14例,乳腺癌24例。采用单因素和多因素分析年龄、月经状态、是否伴微钙化等因素与溢液良、恶性的关系。多因素分析显示年龄45岁、乳腺伴微钙化是乳腺癌的高危因素(P0.05)。乳头溢液病因复杂,年龄45岁、乳腺伴微钙化是乳腺癌独立危险因素,手术治疗是早期发现乳腺癌的有效方法。     

甲状腺乳头状癌后方回声衰减及颈部淋巴结转移囊性变的病理学研究

探讨甲状腺癌后方回声衰减及颈部淋巴结转移囊性变形成的病理学基础.选取本院住院经手术病理诊断为甲状腺乳头状癌的患者,研究初步认为甲状腺结节中纤维化的成分是形成结节后方回声衰减的主要原因之一,液化坏死、退行性病变及滤泡扩张是甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移囊性变的主要病理学基础.     

导言:射频消融技术在甲状腺外科的应用

<正>射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)在甲状腺外科的应用范围日益扩大,其原理是利用电极针产生200Hz~1 200Hz的振荡频率,引起结节周围离子的高频振动,所产生热能可导致病灶的凝固坏死。该技术最初主要用于治疗甲状腺癌术后不可手术的复发病灶,然后扩展到甲状腺良性结节,现已有用于可手术甲状腺癌初始治疗     

甲状腺结节的评估

甲状腺结节(TN)是很常见的疾患,在成人中触诊可查出5%,但超声检查则可高达50%,TN的评估重要性在于对恶性结节需及时外科手术治疗,对大多数的良性结节则采取更为保守的治疗方法.近年对TN的诊断方法有许多进展,其中超声检查是第一线方法,超声检查TN如有以下特征时要考虑恶性的可能:(1)边缘不整;(2)形状不规则;(3)实体回声结构;(4)低回声;(5)晕轮消失;(6)微钙化;(7)结节内血流.而细针穿刺抽吸细胞学活栓在诊断TN时是最准确和直接的方法.其他有实验室检查(TSH、Tg测定),CT、MRI和PET-CT等.在TN的原发疾病中,良性多结节腺肿最为多见,占60%左右;甲状腺癌的发生率为5%～15%,这需看其年龄、性别、放射线病史、家族史等因素而定,慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎、甲状腺囊肿、Graves病和高功能结节等则比较少见.     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.