共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Ronald J. Schusterman Colleen J. Reichmuth & David Kastak 《Current directions in psychological science》2000,9(1):1-6
A model of stimulus equivalence, which describes how non-similarity-based categories are formed, is used to describe aspects of animal social and communicative interactions such as kinship, friendship, coalitions, territorial behavior, and referential calling. Although this model was originally designed to deal with stimulus relations in linguistic behavior, it can be readily applied to understanding the cognitive mechanisms that underlie social as well as nonsocial categorizations in numerous taxa. This approach provides a new, parsimonious, and experimentally based understanding of how animals without language deal with problems of classification in their environment. 相似文献
3.
4.
Hannes Rakoczy Raphaela Wandt Stefanie Thomas Jana Nowak Ute Kunzmann 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2018,109(1):6-24
How does perspective-taking develop over the lifespan? This question has been investigated in two separate research traditions, dealing with theory of mind (ToM) and wisdom, respectively. Operating in almost complete isolation from each other, and using rather different conceptual approaches, these two traditions have produced seemingly contradictory results: While perspective-taking has been consistently found to decline in old age in ToM research, studies on wisdom have mostly found that perspective-taking remains constant or sometimes even increases in later adulthood. This study sought to integrate these two lines of research and clarify the seemingly contradictory patterns of findings by systematically testing for both forms of perspective-taking and their potential cognitive foundations. The results revealed (1) the dissociation in developmental patterns between ToM perspective-taking (declining with age) and wisdom-related perspective-taking (no decline with age) also held – documented here for the first time – in one and the same sample of younger versus older adults; (2) this dissociation was of limited generality: It did not (or only partly) hold once the material of the two types of tasks was more closely matched; and (3) the divergent developmental patterns of ToM perspective-taking versus wisdom-related perspective-taking could be accounted for to some degree by the fact that only TOM perspective-taking was related to developmental changes in fluid intelligence. 相似文献
5.
Lynden K. Miles Louise K. Nind Zoe Henderson C. Neil Macrae 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(2):457-460
Establishing and maintaining connections with others is central to a fulfilling social life. In this respect, behavioral coordination provides one avenue by which interpersonal linkages can be formed. Drawing from the dynamical systems approach, the present research explored whether temporary interpersonal connections founded on coordinated behavior influence memory for self and others. To do so, we measured participants’ incidental recall of self and other-relevant information after a period of either in-phase or anti-phase interpersonal coordination. While participants in the less stable anti-phase condition demonstrated the typical memory advantage for self-related compared to other-related information, this effect was eliminated when participant and confederate movements displayed in-phase coordination. These results are discussed with respect to the interplay between the systems that support interpersonal synchrony and basic social-cognitive processing. 相似文献
6.
于喆;陆清岚;乌哲丽坤;李晶 《心理科学》2025,48(1):118-128
音乐活动是引发自发社会影响的人类活动之一,伴随音乐的人际同步活动在生活中随处可见,能够对个体之间的社会联结产生显著影响。目前大多数研究聚焦在人际同步对亲社会行为的作用机制上,探讨范围较为单一狭窄。社会联结是包括了亲社会行为在内范围更大的涵盖性术语,音乐在人际同步影响社会联结的路径中起到的作用没有被系统梳理。音乐能够提供节奏框架和情感框架,在人际同步活动促进社会联结的过程中发挥独特作用;音乐活动的不同形式在其中的作用效果也不同。参考生理-心理-社会框架对音乐人际同步活动影响社会联结的机制进行梳理,旨在探明音乐人际同步活动是否以及如何影响社会联结,并为后续理论研究和干预研究的发展指明方向。 相似文献
7.
Margaret A. Niznikiewicz 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2013,9(4):173-183
In the present review, social communication will be discussed in the context of
social cognition, and cold and hot cognition. The review presents research on
prosody, processing of faces, multimodal processing of voice and face, and the
impact of emotion on constructing semantic meaning. Since the focus of this mini
review is on brain processes involved in these cognitive functions, the bulk of
evidence presented will be from event related potential (ERP) studies as this
methodology offers the best temporal resolution of cognitive events under study.
The argument is made that social communication is accomplished via fast acting
sensory processes and later, top down processes. Future directions both in terms
of methodology and research questions are also discussed. 相似文献
8.
9.
Music: A Link Between Cognition and Emotion 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Carol L. Krumhansl 《Current directions in psychological science》2002,11(2):45-50
10.
Skye McDonald Alana Fisher Sharon Flanagan Cynthia A. Honan 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2017,11(2):291-304
11.
以大学生为被试,以4特征虚拟外星生物为实验材料,采用类别的间接性学习范式——个人条件和参照条件,及一个无功能条件,通过三个实验任务(功能预测、自由分类和维度选择),探讨参照性交流范式下关系类别的间接性学习特点。结果发现:类别的间接性学习条件下,自由分类任务中,被试更倾向于选择关系作为类标准;功能预测的关系类别的间接性学习过程中,参照条件下的功能预测成绩显著高于个人条件,这种差异体现在参照惯例形成的学习过程的中后期;关系类别的间接性学习条件下,参照条件下被试的选择性注意水平显著高于个人条件,这种差异主要表现于选择性注意的指向性方面,而不体现于选择性注意的集中性(对无关维度的抑制)方面。 相似文献
12.
“听者设计”一直是参照性交流研究领域中的热点。参照性交流过程中交流者通常会根据对交流同伴共享信息的评估来调整自己的行为,但是这些调整什么时候以及怎样发生的机制问题仍然存在争论。重点评述了“听者设计”的已有研究角度和研究进展,并归纳总结了参照惯例视角、记忆和注意视角、交流情境视角的研究观点。未来研究应扩展已有研究设计,以深入探查“听者设计”的形成、获得、发展变化过程,以及其与参照性交流其他限制因素间的相互作用;需要结合行为证据和眼动、脑成像证据等以帮助揭示“听者设计”过程的行为特点与认知机制。 相似文献
13.
共享因素对参照性交流双方学习的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用参照性交流学习范式,探查共享因素对双方学习的影响。结果显示:从学习阶段6开始"共享语言+对象+表情"方式的成绩显著高于"共享语言+对象"方式,低分组条件下该方式成绩显著最高,且该方式高、低分组间无显著差异;"共享语言+对象"方式下揭开的维度数量显著最少。表明:"共享语言+对象+表情"方式下学习效率最高,集中表现于低分组学习效率更高且双方协调水平最高;"共享语言+对象"方式的选择性注意水平最低。 相似文献
14.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the familiarity or the novelty of play objects available during mother-infant interaction has an effect on the mother's ability to capture and maintain the infant's attention. Twelve mother-infant dyads with 5- and 9-month-old infants were filmed during two 5-minute sessions with familiar or unfamiliar toys. Changes in the infant's visual orientation preceded by a maternal behaviour within a 3-sec interval were studied. In the familiar toy situation, the infants focused more frequently on the maternal referent than with the unfamiliar toys. The mother's verbal and non-verbal interventions were more effective at initiating and maintaining co-reference, because the infant was more frequently in an receptive state. Conversely, when the toys were unfamiliar, the baby was often the initiator. Unfamiliar objects, which appear more attractive, may compete with the mother's attempts to gain the child's attention. 相似文献
15.
以216名大学生为被试,使用关系复杂性变化的三种虚拟外星生物实验材料,创设个人功能预测的关系类别的间接性学习条件和参照性交流功能预测的关系类别的间接性学习条件,探讨关系复杂性对关系类别间接性学习的影响。结果发现:关系类别的功能预测间接性学习过程中,关系复杂性和学习条件的交互作用极其显著,具体来讲,关系复杂性对关系类别间接性学习的影响仅显著地表现在参照性交流关系类别间接性学习过程中;当学习材料为4特征复杂关系时,参照条件下被试功能预测成绩极其显著高于个人条件,当学习材料为6特征复杂关系加二阶同功能简单关系时,两种学习条件间不存在显著差异,当学习材料为6特征复杂关系加二阶异功能简单关系时,个人条件极其显著高于参照条件。 相似文献
16.
Depression is marked by rigid thinking and the inability to generate different and more positive views on the self. The current study conceptualises this a perspective-taking deficit, which is defined as a deficit in the ability to overcome one’s egocentrism. Previous research has demonstrated that individuals with depression are impaired in Theory of Mind reasoning and empathy – two social cognitions that involve cognitive and affective perspective-taking. Here, it was investigated whether these deficits generalise to visuo-spatial perspective-taking. To test this, a convenience sample (N?=?268; n?=?62 high depressive symptoms; n?=?206 healthy control participants) completed a test-battery including measures of cognitive and visuo-spatial perspective-taking and closely matched cognitive and visuo-spatial control tasks. The results showed that individuals exhibiting high levels of depressive symptoms were specifically impaired on both perspective-taking tasks but performed equally well on the control tasks. Interventions to combat rigid thinking in depression are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Helen Tager-Flusberg 《Current directions in psychological science》2007,16(6):311-315
ABSTRACT— Two decades ago, the theory-of-mind hypothesis of autism was introduced by Baron-Cohen and his colleagues; this theory provided a unified cognitive explanation for the key social and communication symptoms in that disorder. I evaluate the theory-of-mind hypothesis in light of studies that have addressed several key questions: Do children with autism develop theory-of-mind concepts? How can we explain why some children with autism pass theory-of-mind tasks? Do deficits in theory of mind account for the major impairments that characterize autistic disorder? Current research supports the view that autism involves delays and deficits not only in the development of a theory of mind but also in additional aspects of social-affective information processing that extend beyond the traditional boundaries of theory of mind. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(5):469-477
ABSTRACT The authors investigated how the force pattern exerted on a golf club is coordinated with the golfer's weight shift, which supplies power to the swing. Moderately skilled golfers (n = 10, 5–10 stroke handicap) hit short golf shots requiring different amounts of force. Across these different shots, the timing of the force pattern applied to the clubhead was approximately invariant even though the force magnitude varied. In contrast, the weight shift timing and magnitude both varied with the required force of the shot. Across repeated attempts at the same shot, temporal variations in the clubhead force pattern were either uncorrelated or only weakly correlated with temporal variations in the weight shift. Together, these data indicate that the weight shift is a relatively independent, adjustable rhythmic unit from the invariant clubhead timing pattern for moderately skilled golfers. 相似文献
19.
20.
Irene M. Pepperberg 《Current directions in psychological science》2002,11(3):83-87
Grey parrots ( Psittacus erithacus ) solve various cognitive tasks and acquire and use English speech in ways that often resemble those of very young children. Given that the psittacine brain is organized very differently from that of mammals, these results have intriguing implications for the study and evolution of vocal learning, communication, and cognition. 相似文献