网络成瘾的潜在结构:连续的还是分类的?

变量的潜在结构是连续的还是分类的不应被随意指定,错误的设定可能导致不正确的结论。本研究的目的在于从实证的角度探索网络成瘾的潜在结构。研究采用了来自中国杭州的2511名初中生对Young网络成瘾量表的有效作答数据,比较了Rasch模型、潜在类别模型和混合Rasch模型与数据的拟合情况。结果表明:2个潜在类别的混合Rasch模型可以最好地反映网络成瘾的潜在结构,说明网络成瘾包含两个存在着质的差异的群体,并且每个群体内的个体间存在量的差异。研究进一步比较了基于混合Rasch模型的分类与传统划界分数分类的区别,结果表明:Young的网络成瘾标准可能具有很小的误判率和较高的漏判率;基于Young网络成瘾测验的修订需要考虑有针对性地增加部分题目。     

大学生人格与网络行为:网络道德人际SEM模型

利用在线调查和纸笔测查两种方式分别对208名大学生网络使用情况、网络道德行为和社会交往特点等进行了调查,考察了大学生上网的行为特点和网络行为的心理机制,检验了有关大学生在线行为的理论模式.结果发现:(1)网络交往行为中性别的影响在一定程度上是存在的,男性比女性对网络交往更积极和主动,也给予更正性的评价;(2)根据大学生网络行为的特点和心理机制,验证了大学生网络行为的网络道德人际SEM模型.     

大学生网络成瘾的性别差异——基于网络使用偏好的多重中介效应分析

以往有研究注意到了网络成瘾的性别差异,也有研究分析了不同网络使用偏好与网络成瘾之间的关联,但没有将二者结合起来考虑。本研究在控制心理资本、大学适应等相关因素的情况下,通过构建以不同网络使用偏好为中介的多重中介效应模型,分析了网瘾的性别差异模式。结果发现,在多项网络使用偏好上,性别之间存在差异,网络使用偏好构成性别与网瘾之间显著的中介因素。总的来看,相比较而言,男生在"网络游戏"、"理财炒股"等类型上,女生在"购物消费"、"微信微博"等类型上,各自形成更高的网瘾水平。这些发现有助于廓清网瘾的性别差异,并为实际中提供有性别敏感性的网瘾干预提供依据。     

人才甄选中的人格测验作假研究的深入与拓展

企业人才甄选情境下求职者很容易在人格测验中作假。至今有关作假的研究已包含作假的内涵、来源和识别等多个方面,也诞生了多种心理模型尝试解释作假产生的心理机制,如作假动机与作假能力交互作用理论、作假计划行为理论、作假整合模型、一般作假行为模型以及作假的VIE模型,为后续理论研究点明方向。此外,作假应用领域中新兴的网络人格测验作假受到关注,在此介绍网络与纸笔测验两种形式下,人格测验作假行为、作假意向的不同。     

社会排斥的心理行为特征及其脑机制

社会排斥损害个体基本的归属需要, 对个体的心理和生理会造成严重影响。根据需要威胁时间模型, 社会排斥后的心理和行为特征可以分为三个阶段。社交媒体的发展使社会排斥出现了新的心理和行为特征。近年来功能性磁共振成像研究发现, 突显网络和默认网络等网络中的一些核心脑区都参与了社会排斥各阶段的情绪和认知加工过程。未来研究应以需要威胁时间模型为基础, 以脑网络方法为手段, 探索社会排斥神经机制, 预测排斥后的心理和行为反应模式。     

关于网络成瘾的心理学研究

网络成瘾指一种心理上对网络的依赖,其概念与药物成瘾既有相似又有差异。目前还缺乏编制精良、应用广泛的测量工具。多数研究采用调查的方法,严格的实验研究很少。一些研究者提出理论模型从心理层面对其进行解释,其中具代表性的有：Young提出的ACE模型,Davis的认知-行为模型,以及Grohol的阶段模型,分别探讨了网络依赖的发生与网络的致瘾特征,网络用户的个体特质以及外在环境之间的关系。     

记忆加工策略对ECM的影响

该研究采用ECM实验范式,操纵记忆加工策略验证联想网络模型或情绪渗透模型。电影片段诱发被试高兴或悲伤的情绪状态后,被试在有意识记和无意识记加工策略下学习情绪词,然后进行自由回忆。结果：情绪电影片段成功诱发被试高兴或悲伤情绪;被试在采用无意识记和有意识记加工策略学习情绪词时均出现ECM,无意识记加工策略下效应量的大小显著高于有意识记加工策略下效应量的大小,实验结果支持情绪渗透模型。     

汉字部件与英文字母相容性的数学模型──一种群体模板相容性的数学表达

该文运用相容性研究中的维度重叠模型以及Ｆｏｒｋ－Ｊｏｉｎ网络模型,得出群体模板的相容性定义与Ｓ－Ｒ相容性的元素匹配之间的关系式,详细讨论了汉字编码输入法研究中的学习遍数、反应时与汉字部件－英文字母相容性的关系,理论模拟与实验所显示的趋势符合。     

网络成瘾的社会-心理-生理模型及研究展望

对于网络成瘾,目前还没有统一的诊断量表,相应的研究手段和研究方法也不够成熟,有关的理论解释更有待于进一步探讨。以众多实验和理论研究成果为基础提出的“社会-心理-生理”整合模型也许能更好地解释这一现象。网络成瘾者的大脑活动变化规律,网络虚拟情境的特征及其与上网行为、个性特征等的交互影响,以及网络交互过程中的情感交流和情感识别等问题,将是今后网络成瘾研究的重要课题。     

依恋理论与社会网络理论的进展

个体在生命发展过程中,为了其生存、健康和安全,需要与他人进行交往,建立一定的社会关系.本文系统地介绍了目前重要的两大类社会关系理论——依恋理论和社会网络理论的观点、测量方法及其发展过程.其中社会网络理论介绍了三个有代表性的理论:社会网络矩阵观点、护卫模型理论、情感关系模型理论.最后对依恋理论与社会网络理论之间的关系,以及今后的发展方向进行了论述和探讨.     

Menatal addition: A test of three verification models

Three explanations of adults’ mental addition performance, a counting-based model, a direct-access model with a backup counting procedure, and a network retrieval model, were tested. Whereas important predictions of the two counting models were not upheld, reaction times (RTs) to simple addition problems were consistent with the network retrieval model. RT both increased with problem size and was progressively attenuated to false stimuli as the split (numerical difference between the false and correct sums increased. For large problems, the extreme level of split (13) yielded an RT advantage for false over true problems, suggestive of a global evaluation process operating in parallel with retrieval. RTs to the more complex addition problems in Experiment 2 exhibited a similar pattern of significance and, in regression analyses, demonstrated that complex addition (e.g., 14+12=26) involves retrieval of the simple addition components (4+2=6). The network retrieval/decision model is discussed in terms of its fit to the present data, and predictions concerning priming facilitation and inhibition are specified. The similarities between mental arithmetic results and the areas of semantic memory and mental comparisons indicate both the usefulness of the network approach to mental arithmetic and the usefulness of mental arithmetic to cognitive psychology.     

Redintegration and Response Suppression in Serial Recall: A Dynamic Network Model

This article presents a dynamic network model of redintegration and response suppression. Redintegration is the process that disambiguates partially retrieved memorial information into an overt response, and response suppression renders retrieved items temporarily unavailable for further report. Most models of serial recall assume the presence of both processes, but few explain how they are performed. Exploration of the network revealed that it can predict recency in serial recall of lists of varying lengths, the pattern of the associated transposition, omission, intrusion, and repetition errors, and the temporal dynamics of retrieval. The network thus augments any existing model of serial recall that assumes a distributed vector representation but does not specify the processes underlying redintegration and response suppression.     

Individual solution processes while solving addition and multiplication math facts in adults

Contrary to predictions of current solution process models, adults used a variety of procedures other than retrieval to solve addition and multiplication math facts. Predictors assumed to capture retrieval processes posited by such models did account for a substantial proportion of variance in averaged retrieval solution times. But most of the variance in individual participants' retrieval times remained unaccounted for. Cross-operation associations in patterns of strategy use and retrieval latencies were obtained. Adults with stronger higher level math achievement were more likely to use retrieval, solved math facts faster and less variably, and executed retrieval processes posited by current solution process models faster than participants with less math attainment. The results are explained within the context of the adaptive strategy choice model.     

Support for a continuous (single-process) model of recognition memory and source memory

Does memory retrieval occur in a continuous or an all-or-none manner? The shape of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) has been used to answer this question, with curvilinear and linear memory ROCs indicating continuous and all-or-none retrieval processes, respectively. Signal detection models (e.g., the unequal variance model) correspond to a continuous retrieval process, whereas threshold models (including the multinomial model and the recollection component of the dual-process model) correspond to an all-or-none process. In studies of source memory, Slotnick et al. (2000) and others have observed curvilinear ROCs (supporting the unequal variance model), whereas Yonelinas (1999) observed linear ROCs (supporting the dual-process model). We resolve these seemingly inconsistent results, showing that source memory ROCs are naturally curvilinear but can appear linear when nondiagnostic source information is included in the analysis. Furthermore, the unequal variance model accounted for both recognition memory and source memory ROCs, supporting a continuous process of memory retrieval.     

Evidence for the contribution of a threshold retrieval process to semantic memory

It is widely held that episodic retrieval can recruit two processes: a threshold context retrieval process (recollection) and a continuous signal strength process (familiarity). Conversely the processes recruited during semantic retrieval are less well specified. We developed a semantic task analogous to single-item episodic recognition to interrogate semantic recognition receiver-operating characteristics (ROCs) for a marker of a threshold retrieval process. We fitted observed ROC points to three signal detection models: two models typically used in episodic recognition (unequal variance and dual-process signal detection models) and a novel dual-process recollect-to-reject (DP-RR) signal detection model that allows a threshold recollection process to aid both target identification and lure rejection. Given the nature of most semantic questions, we anticipated the DP-RR model would best fit the semantic task data. Experiment 1 (506 participants) provided evidence for a threshold retrieval process in semantic memory, with overall best fits to the DP-RR model. Experiment 2 (316 participants) found within-subjects estimates of episodic and semantic threshold retrieval to be uncorrelated. Our findings add weight to the proposal that semantic and episodic memory are served by similar dual-process retrieval systems, though the relationship between the two threshold processes needs to be more fully elucidated.     

Event models and the fan effect

The current study explored the persistence of event model organizations and how this influences the experience of interference during retrieval. People in this study memorized lists of sentences about objects in locations, such as “The potted palm is in the hotel.” Previous work has shown that such information can either be stored in separate event models, thereby producing retrieval interference, or integrated into common event models, thereby eliminating retrieval interference. Unlike prior studies, the current work explored the impact of forgetting up to 2 weeks later on this pattern of performance. We explored three possible outcomes across the various retention intervals. First, consistent with research showing that longer delays reduce proactive and retroactive interference, any retrieval interference effects of competing event models could be reduced over time. Second, the binding of information into events models may weaken over time, causing interference effects to emerge when they had previously been absent. Third, and finally, the organization of information into event models could remain stable over long periods of time. The results reported here are most consistent with the last outcome. While there were some minor variations across the various retention intervals, the basic pattern of event model organization remained preserved over the two-week retention period.     

文本检索模型综述

文本检索是信息检索一个重要的分支。随着互联网信息的迅速膨胀,如何检索到用户最需要的信息变得越来越关键。文本检索模型是文本检索中的核心技术,其性能直接影响到搜索引擎的检索质量。本文对当前的经典检索模型及其研究进展进行介绍,并分析各个模型之间的优缺点。