论20世纪50年代中华东正教会的境遇

20世纪50年代成立的中华东正教会,是俄罗斯东正教在华史上的重大事件。它产生于特殊的历史境遇:外部环境异常严峻;内部斗争复杂尖锐;中俄关系恶化;教会中的人员、经费、教堂情况非常困难。同时,在中国的东正教神职人员也为此付出了许多艰辛的劳动。"中华东正教会"特殊之处在于,她的命运是由中俄两国内部的政教关系和中俄两国间的国家关系决定的。20世纪50年代中俄关系的阴晴冷暖是决定中国东正教自治之路兴衰成败的主导因素。在当时的历史条件下,俄罗斯东正教"中国化"的时机不成熟。     

20世纪上半叶哈尔滨俄罗斯东正教史述论

哈尔滨是俄罗斯东正教在中国传播发展的重镇。中俄之间历史与现实的政治关系、经济贸易、文化交流、人员往来,是哈尔滨东正教产生与演进的基础。哈尔滨东正教史,既有与中国其它地区相似的一面,又在教会产生原因、组织机构、根本任务、历史阶段、录属关系等许多方面,有着自己非常特殊的历史轨迹。对世俗政权的高度依附性、鲜明的侨民性、对哈尔滨影响的复杂性等三个方面是其主要的特征。中俄两个异质文明之间的交往,是我们理解哈尔滨东正教发展史不可缺少的重要视角。     

俄罗斯东正教现状

苏联解体后,俄罗斯在各个领域发生了剧变,东正教也不例外。现从几个方面谈谈俄罗斯东正教的现状:     

出走与回归:20世纪俄罗斯东正教境外教会的变迁北大核心SSCI

十月革命后,东正教遭到苏维埃政府的压制。随后在三年的俄国国内战争中,大批保皇派东正教人士随落败的白军逃离海外,并于1920年正式成立俄罗斯东正教境外最高管理局,由此开始了俄罗斯东正教境内外教会长达八十余年的分裂。而后由于出现了对教会管理权与教区自治等问题的分歧,俄罗斯东正教境外教会内部出现分裂,最终形成以塞尔维亚卡尔洛瓦茨为中心的俄罗斯东正教境外教会、以巴黎为中心但隶属于君士坦丁堡牧首区的西欧主教区和以纽约为中心的北美高级主教区。在苏联时期,俄罗斯东正教境外教会得以相对自由地保护和传播东正教传统文化,并且成为俄罗斯移民的精神支柱。     

东正教信仰与俄罗斯命运

俄罗斯命运是俄罗斯历史哲学和宗教哲学探讨的永恒主题之一,也是苏联解体后人们极为关注的现实问题。不同时期的哲学家们从俄罗斯民族心理特征、俄罗斯性格特点、俄罗斯理念等方面对这一问题作了极为深入的探讨,其中先哲们为我们留下了宝贵精神财富的同时也留下了遗憾和迷茫。依笔者看来,俄罗斯的命运显然并非某种神秘的天意支配下的历史演变,而是以斯拉夫民族为主体的俄罗斯各民族在历史创造活动中由自身内在与外在因素共同作用而形成的历史轨迹。在众多因素中,东正教信仰是决定俄罗斯历史命运的最根本因素,而透过对东正教信仰的多方位分析,是解开俄罗斯历史之谜的钥匙。本文试就东正教信仰与俄罗斯民族自我意识觉醒、民族的性格形成、社会结构确立、思维方式和行为方式、法律制度制定等方面内在关系的分析,揭示出东正教信仰对俄罗斯历史命运的作用机制。     

波罗的海三国东正教会领属问题的历史与现实北大核心SSCI

地处俄罗斯西北部的波罗的海三国,在历史上便与俄罗斯有很深的积怨。20世纪初期,尤其是三国相继加入苏联以后,其境内的东正教教会在领属问题上多次变更,在莫斯科牧首区和君士坦丁堡牧首区两者之间徘徊。近年来,随着俄罗斯与乌克兰等国的矛盾加剧,波罗的海三国的东正教领属问题再次凸显出来。波罗的海地区的东正教会领属问题与地区间政治博弈有关,也是苏联时期大批俄罗斯移民在解体后遗留的问题之一。     

俄罗斯东正教会的外交职能

俄罗斯东正教会自建立之日起,就与俄罗斯世俗政权保持着紧密的交织关系。与天主教世界的神权政治不同,俄罗斯东正教会与国家政权的关系特点是政权高于教权,教权服从和服务于政权。在俄罗斯历史上,东正教会始终是维护俄罗斯国家外交形象的重要因素。如今这一功能更加突出。俄罗斯东正教会与国家、社会及公民积极合作,为传播和弘扬俄罗斯传统文化、扩大俄罗斯的国际影响发挥着越来越明显的作用。     

东正教在俄罗斯

东正教作为俄罗斯最主要的宗教,无论过去还是现在都对俄罗斯社会生活的各个方面产生重要的影响。本文旨在简要描述东正教对俄罗斯文学和俄罗斯民族性格产生的具体影响,总结东正教在俄罗斯重要地位的成因,以期对俄罗斯东正教有更全面深刻的理解。     

俄罗斯东正教教堂的文化意义探析

东正教作为基督教的三大教会之一,在东欧等国家地区占有非常重要的宗教地位。在俄罗斯,几乎有三分之二的人都是虔诚的东正教信徒,东正教在俄罗斯的社会文化发展中起到了直接的影响作用。而教堂作为宗教的活动中心,是聚集教会发展和社会历史的关键性事物。本文主要针对俄罗斯东正教的教堂进行研究,探析其所隐藏的文化意义,解析东正教教堂在俄罗斯历史发展中所起到的至关重要的作用。     

普京执政以来的俄罗斯政教关系

在独立过程中得到俄罗斯东正教会的大力支持之后,出于整合社会精神空间、塑造新的意识形态的需要,俄罗斯世俗政权与俄罗斯东正教会建立起较密切的关系,并给予其国内宗教组织活动的优先权。普京出任俄罗斯总统后,更是明显地偏向俄罗斯东正教会,并从多方面给予教会以强有力的支持,进一步充实、巩固了俄罗斯东正教会所获得的特殊地位与社会影响。俄罗斯东正教会也依靠自己所拥有的宗教信仰与信众力量,配合、支持世俗政权,特别是普京政府的内外政策、立场、主张并借助国家力量推动教会动议的实现。     

Associations between sexual sensation seeking and AIDS-related knowledge,attitudes and behaviors among young men who have sex with men in China

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have become high risk groups for HIV infection in China. Recent researches suggest that sexual sensation seeking is significantly associated with AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, but the relationship is not clear in the field of YMSM in China. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sexual sensation seeking and AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among YMSM in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China from May to November 2013. 403 YMSM were recruited and 373 of them completed the questionnaire. Regression analyses indicated that YMSM with high sexual sensation seeking score are more likely to have low awareness of knowledge and negative attitude about condom use, as well as more risky sexual behaviors.     

‘Only children’ and their coalition of parents: Considering grandparents and parents as joint caregivers in urban Xiamen,China

This article presents the important, but overlooked, role that is played by grandparents in contemporary China as joint caregivers with parents in raising only children. Grounded on empirical data, collected through ethnographic and survey methods in urban China, the article identifies the ‘intergenerational parenting coalition’ as a culturally appropriate unit of analysis for understanding child rearing within the multigenerational family in China. The social forces that have given rise to the contemporary multigenerational family in China are reviewed. Qualitative analyses of four such families are used to illustrate the unique family dynamics and patterns of influence particular to the intergenerational parenting coalition.     

The prospects for a Jungian psychology in China

The possibility of a Jungian psychology developing in China is considered by a brief historical excursion through the early translations of psychoanalytical works. Translation problems and the contentious nature of some of Freud's ideas have made for their difficult reception in China. The inattention to Jung's ideas in universities in the west in the past, and a reliance on science based subjects by Chinese students studying abroad, have meant little opportunity to study Jung, and, by implication, to translate him. The turbulent political climate in China over the course of the past century has also hindered developments in psychology generally. In addition, certain traditional practices of understanding mind-body relationships and reporting 'illnesses' have precluded the possibility of any psychotherapeutic psychology emerging. However, the present climate looks more favourable for the dissemination of Jungian knowledge, but the question of an appropriate context and a receptive readership remains. Certain Jungian notions can be seen to fit comfortably within traditional systems of Chinese thought but the present day psychology department in China is no more a congenial environment for Jungian psychology than its counterpart in the west. It may be that the success of importing Jungian ideas into China rests with those with a predilection towards arts and cultural sciences, and with the innovations of the organizers of conferences.     

Basis of ethnic identification in Taiwan

Seven hundred and twenty-six adult subjects in Taiwan categorized themselves into one of six identities: Taiwanese, Taiwanese but Chinese too, Chinese, Chinese but Taiwanese too, new Taiwanese, or general Chinese. The six identity groups had almost equally high rating scores of Taiwan on an index of social identification, but differed in their degree of identification with China. Participants who incorporated Taiwanese as a part or the whole of their self-identity were psychologically distant from China. By investigating the relationship between ethnic identities chosen by people in Taiwan and their social identification with Taiwan versus China as two categories of nationalism, the results of the present study indicate that the bases of Chinese identification are mainly cultural and have a historical connection with China, while the basis of Taiwanese identification is mainly the sharing of life space in the Taiwanese district from which the people have acquired a kind of primordial attachment, regardless of their ethnic identity.     

中国健康城市建设的进展及理论思考

中国健康城市的建设走过了探索和实质性发展两个阶段.它以健康促进的理念为指导,以"健康社会、健康环境、健康人群"为主线,成为了当前开展健康促进的典范.健康城市能呈现实质且快速发展的势头,政府主导是其重要的特点.它既符合中国社会文化背景和现状,也是以"上游策略"来解决全人群健康问题创新性举措.中国健康城市推行的深远意义在于,它为当前公共卫生体系建设赋予了先进的内涵,与世界卫生组织倡导的"健康促进曼谷宪章"的核心精神是完全相符的,成为了引领中国公共卫生汇入国际现代公共卫生运动的领头兵.但是,它的茁壮成长仍需要有远见的政治家的呵护和支持.     

Cultural Difference in Stereotype Perceptions and Performances in Nonverbal Deductive Reasoning and Creativity

A total of 182 undergraduate students from China and the United States participated in a study examining the presence of stereotypical perceptions regarding creativity and deductive reasoning abilities, as well as the influence of stereotype on participants' performance on deductive reasoning and creativity in nonverbal form. The results showed that participants from both China and the United States believed that Americans have better creativity abilities than Chinese and that Chinese have better deductive reasoning skills than Americans. Significant cultural difference in the performances on the measures of creativity was found. The cultural difference in deductive reasoning was found between Chinese participants in China and the Caucasian (not the Asian) participants in the United States, which were somewhat congruent to the stereotypical perceptions. However, the study did not find that stereotypic perceptions directly influenced participants' performance on deductive reasoning and creativity.     

Finding theology in contemporary Chinese fiction

ABSTRACT

Literature can offer a space and hope for a possible creative theology, and this is true also of the contemporary literature of China. In 1923 Lu Xun expressed his hope that literature was capable of transforming the spirit of the Chinese people, Chinese fiction has drawn upon the ancient wisdom of China to explore possibilities after the Cultural Revolution in works that are sometimes banned in the Peoples Republic of China but increasingly have a world readership in English translations. They may be compared with some of the ideas of liberation theology in the western tradition.     

论公民道德建设的文化生态基础

为了使公民道德能在我国整个社会文化生态系统中获得稳定的、可持续的快速发展,必须深入考察、全面审视和正确把握我国现今的文化生态系统,努力探寻使系统保持良性循环并不断优化的最佳途径,从而为公民道德建设提供一个健康、坚实的客观文化基础。     

Religious Geography and County‐Level Sex Ratios in China

The sex ratio at birth in China is highly imbalanced in favor of boys. Past research on sex ratios in China emphasizes economic factors for their weakening effect on the Confucian tradition of son preference. Research in the sociology of religion suggests that religious geography may affect sex ratios through the spill‐over of religious teachings to those living in areas dominated by a religious tradition. To assess this linkage, we investigate the relationship between religious geography and county‐level child sex ratios using the 2000 China Population Census and the 2004 China Economic Census, the most complete and recent data available on religious presence in China. Applying spatial analyses of 2,685 counties (over 90% of all counties), we find that counties with a greater presence of Daoist temples have more imbalanced (male‐biased) sex ratios, whereas a greater presence of Buddhist temples and Islamic mosques is associated with less imbalanced sex ratios.     

Students’ Academic Cheating in Chinese Universities: Prevalence, Influencing Factors, and Proposed Action

Quantitative research about academic cheating among Chinese college students is minimal. This paper discusses a large survey conducted in Chinese colleges and universities which examined the prevalence of different kinds of student cheating and explored factors that influence cheating behavior. A structural equation model was used to analyze the data. Results indicate that organizational deterrence and individual performance have a negative impact on cheating while individual perceived pressure, peers’ cheating, and extracurricular activities have a positive impact. Recommendations are proposed to reduce the level of academic cheating in China. Many of these are universal in nature and applicable outside of China as well.