中国佛教的慈善理念及在当代的实践和设想

正"宗教是慈善之母",慈善是佛教的本质属性和要求,是佛教徒的内在价值理念和取向。释迦牟尼佛设立佛教的本怀是为了利益众生,帮助众生脱离苦恼。对佛教徒来说,弘法的目的在于利生,一切修行的目的也在于利生,给众生幸福是每个佛教徒的使命。慈悲观是佛教教义的核心,佛教提倡"无缘大慈,同体大悲"、"大慈与一切众生乐,大悲拔一切众生苦",正缘于此,中国佛教慈善理念特别丰富,并在当代慈善事业中积极践行,取得了国家     

宗教慈善与宗教的理性化：来自江浙地区的实证案例

理性化作为现代社会人类思想与行为朝向合理性与意义的过程,在宗教领域往往体现为宗教的现世性与伦理道德化。本文基于对一个基督教慈善基金会和一所佛教安养院的实证案例的比较分析,聚焦宗教慈善的发展是如何嵌入在一个当代中国宗教不断理性化的进程中的。不同于传统的华人慈善组织视宗族与地区团体成员为主要救助对象,新兴的当代中国宗教慈善能够超越地缘血缘的限制而服务更广泛的人群。通过比较浙江基督教H慈善基金会与江苏佛教D安养院两个具体案例在领导架构、运行模式、组织立场、空间定位以及社会身份等方面的差异,本文尝试刻画归纳出当代中国宗教的慈善实践机制,并指出当代中国宗教的理性化不是一个单一维度的宗教现象,而是中国社会独特宗教发展生态的产物,体现了宗教在现代性中的复杂角色。     

一次具有深远意义的盛会北大核心CSSCISSCI

经过与会代表的共同努力,第27届世界佛教徒联谊会大会顺利完成各项议程,即将落下帷幕。在不到3天的时间里,来自30多个国家和地区的高僧大德,在传灯法会中共沾法喜,在全体会议中共商大业,在慈善论坛中分享经验。通过交流和互动,各国佛教组织和佛弟子形成了重要共识,增进了佛缘法谊。本次大会探讨了佛教的慈善理念和当代价值,交流了开展佛教慈善活动的经验体会,体现了佛教对社会和人生的深切关怀,     

佛教与“和谐社会”的实践者真禅法师——真禅法师圆寂十周年纪念研讨会

当代佛教的主导思想是在继承了近代佛教先进思想的太虚大师等所倡导的“人间佛教”的基础上,发扬成为建设“和谐社会”的当代佛教思想理念。关于佛教与和谐社会的理念,如果就广而言之,其思想之广博以一言半语不可言尽。今本文仅就从当代高僧真禅法师的“人间佛教”思想而言,就可窥见其思想博大而精深,影响深远而重大。我们就从真禅法师对佛教的重建和振兴、国际友好往来、佛教现代教育、维护祖国统一、发展佛教社会慈善等方面,可以清楚的认识到真祥法师是佛教与“和谐社会”的真正实践者。     

佛教的慈善事业和生命关怀

虽然中国古来便有慈善观念和慈善事业,但在当代中国社会的慈善意识近几年来才在公众心目中占据一席之地,慈善事业如火如荼地展开,并逐步迈上正规发展的道路。在中国的各种慈善活动中,佛教界每每有着不容忽视的突出贡献,佛教的慈悲意识与慈善事业一起得到了推广和发展,     

当代福建佛教慈善组织运行模式剖析

本论文以厦门南普陀寺慈善会、厦门同心慈善会和福建省佛教协会佛教教育基金委员会等三个佛教慈善组织为重点,对它们的慈善活动开展和组织运行机制进行剖析,比较其组织特点和发展优势,并将三者分别归纳为"救济型慈善"、"服务型慈善"和"弘法型慈善"三种类型。以这三个佛教组织进行考察,不仅可以反映出福建佛教慈善的基本状况,而且可以代表不同类型的佛教组织运行机制特点,从而揭示我国佛教慈善组织的发展面貌。     

国家宗教事务局局长王作安闭幕式致辞

正各位法师、各位来宾:经过与会代表的共同努力,第27届世界佛教徒联谊会大会顺利完成各项议程,即将落下帷幕。在不到3天的时间里,来自30多个国家和地区的高僧大德,在传灯法会中共沾法喜,在全体会议中共商大业,在慈善论坛中分享经验。通过交流和互动,各国佛教组织和佛弟子形成了重要共识,增进了佛缘法谊。本次大会探讨了佛教的慈善理念和当代价值,交流了开展佛教慈善活动的经验体会,体现了佛教     

慈善理念的回归与实践

慈善是佛教徒践行佛法的行化之门,其源头乃是本自佛陀的出世本怀。尤其在中国佛教二千多年的历史长河里,佛教慈善理念的开展与实践贯穿着整个佛教在中国的发展历程。良好的慈善形象和社会功能,是当前中国佛教与世界佛教、世界人民沟通的和谐平台。所以,强调和探讨慈善理念的回归与当下之实践,对佛教慈善事业在未来的行化度世中有着积极的促进作用。一、佛陀本怀的慈善理念《华严经》云:"无不从此法界流,无不还归此法界",意思是说,一切诸法都是从心地流出,对诸     

中国佛教慈善理论体系刍论

佛教教义中包含了丰富的慈善思想和理论。缘起法、慈悲心、业报论、布施观和福田说共同构成了一套较为完整的中国佛教慈善思想理论体系。缘起法是佛教慈善理念建立的理论基石,慈悲心是佛教慈善理论体系的主导核心,业报论是佛教慈善理论体系的价值规约,布施观是佛教慈善理论体系的践行路径,福田说是佛教慈善理论体系的价值依归。佛教慈善思想理论体系是佛教四众弟子创建济贫救世、积德行善、利乐有情的慈善组织的理论支柱,也是佛教徒及信众完善人格、成佛得道、涅槃寂静的精神依归,更是中华慈善文化体系不可或缺的重要组成部分。     

对话宗教与慈善公益

郑筱筠:慈善事业的兴起与宗教有着不解之缘,宗教是慈善事业中的常青藤,慈善是中国宗教的理念,慈善活动是宗教慈善理念的外显化和社会化,是宗教慈善理念的社会象征符号。佛教慈善在中国有悠久的传统。历史上,历朝各代的佛教都有兴办义学、开设义庄、造船义渡、修桥补路等多种领域的慈善福利事业。近年来,大陆佛教界相继成立佛教希望工程编委会、慈善功德会、慈善超市等慈善形式,而港台地区的台湾慈济功德会、佛光山和香港慈辉佛教基金会等也积极践行慈善事业。佛教如此,其他宗教也是如     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.