万爽力对老年瓣膜退性变致心功能不全的研究

探讨万爽力对老年心脏瓣膜退性变致心功能不全患者治疗的效果。入选病例共84例,随机分为对照组42例传统方法治疗;治疗组42例,加用万爽力治疗,3个月后,观察心功能、左室舒张期内径、左室射血分数、测6min步行距离、血浆脑钠肽水平。3个月治疗后,两组心功能、左室舒张期内径、左室射血分数、6min步行距离、血浆脑钠肽水平有显著性差异(P<0.05)。由此可以得出结论,万爽力对老年心脏瓣膜退性变致心功能不全治疗有临床治疗意义。     

右心房双心室起搏治疗QRS时限≥130ms慢性心力衰竭的长期疗效

观察右心房双心室起搏治疗慢性心力衰竭的长期疗效。选择2010年8月~2015年12月住院治疗的NYHA心功能Ⅱ级~Ⅳ级、左室射血分数(LVEF)≤35%、窦性心律、QRS时限≥130ms伴完全性左束支传导阻滞的心力衰竭患者76例,成功植入三腔起搏器后,比较起搏器植入术前及术后2年的疗效评价指标变化。右心房双心室起搏治疗2年后,患者的6分钟步行距离、明尼苏达生活质量评分(MQOL)、LVEF、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、体表心电图QRS波时限、N末端脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)等各疗效评价指标均得到明显改善(P0.05)。右心房双心室起搏治疗窦性心律、QRS时限≥130ms伴完全性左束支传导阻滞的慢性心力衰竭患者的长期疗效确切。     

慢快综合征患者植入起搏器后调整参数对预后的影响

为了观察慢快综合征患者植入起搏器后对心功能,心房高频事件的影响,将植入具有自动化功能双腔起搏器的39例患者分为2组,A组起搏心率55次/分,B组起搏心率65次/分,术后1年内程控获取心房起搏百分比(Ap)、心室起搏百分比(Vp)、高频心房事件发生率(AHRE)、左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、血脑钠肽(BNP).结果显示,A组相比B组Ap、Vp明显降低,LVEDD、LVEF明显改善,BNP明显降低,LAD、AHRE两组无差异.故对于慢快综合征患者,适当降低起搏频率可明显改善LVEDD、LVEF,使BNP明显降低.     

探究运动对慢性心衰患者心功能及RAAS的影响

为探讨运动对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的影响,对100例慢性心力衰竭病患通过常规用药基础上是否应用个体化的运动处方随机分为对照组与运动组。观察两组患者试验前、后左室射血分数(EF)、左室舒张末内径(LVDD)值、B型利钠肽(BNP)、6分钟步行试验距离、肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)水平的变化。结果:运动治疗时间越长,心功能改善越明显,同时增加患者运动耐力;与对照组比较,运动组治疗后PRA、AngⅡ、ALD水平降低更显著(P0.05)。因此运动训练显著改善慢性心力衰竭患者的症状,并且通过阻断RASS进一步激活,改善患者的心功能。     

老年舒张性心力衰竭诊治的思考

舒张性心力衰竭在老年高血压、冠心病患者中发病率较高,但临床症状、体征不特异,不典型,常容易漏诊。因此,临床工作中应注意发现舒张性心力衰竭相关的症状、体征,结合胸片有肺淤血、超声心动图左室射血分数(left ventriculare-jection fraction,LVEF)正常、血浆脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)增高等,早期诊断及治疗,提高老年患者的生活质量,减少晚期混合型心力衰竭的发病率。     

老年舒张性心力衰竭诊治的思考

舒张性心力衰竭在老年高血压、冠心痛患者中发病率较高,但临床症状、体征不特异,不典型,常容易漏诊.因此,临床工作中应注意发现舒张性心力衰竭相关的症状、体征,结合胸片有肺淤血、超声心动图左室射血分数(left ventricular e-jection fraction,LVEF)正常、血浆脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)增高等,早期诊断及治疗,提高老年患者的生活质量,减少晚期混合型心力衰竭的发病率.     

血浆BNP对于不同类型的老年急性失代偿心力衰竭的预测价值

探讨血浆BNP在不同类型老年心力衰竭(简称心衰)患者中,用以预测急性失代偿心衰(ADHF)的价值。将80例心衰患者根据心脏超声结果分为左室射血分数降低的心衰(HFrEF)组25例和左室射血分数正常的心衰(HFpEF)组55例,测定初始血浆BNP值。随访1年,记录ADHF的发生并再次测定血浆BNP水平。HFpEF组年龄和BMI更高、初始BNP值更低、心绞痛病史更少、NYHAⅠ级占比更大(P0.05)。HFpEF组和HFrEF组的ADHF发生率分别为32.0%和32.7%。HFpEF患者以BNP升高122pg/ml为临界值,预测ADHF敏感度为84.8%、特异度为82.6%;HFrEF患者以BNP升高145pg/ml为临界值,预测ADHF敏感度为93.4%、特异度为47.9%。心衰患者失代偿前BNP升高,BNP升高可作为预测ADHF的指标之一。     

维格列汀在心力衰竭合并2型糖尿病患者中的安全性研究

为探索维格列汀在心力衰竭合并2型糖尿病患者中应用的安全性,连续入组心力衰竭合并2型糖尿病患者,随机分为维格列汀治疗组(n=64例)和对照组(n=63例)。对照组采用心衰优化治疗+二甲双胍单药降糖治疗,维格列汀治疗组在对照组用药的基础上加用维格列汀。观察指标包括左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)及收缩末期容积(LVESV)、6分钟步行试验及不良事件。12个月随访时,糖化血红蛋白整体降低均数为2.52%,较基线明显降低(P0.001)。LVEF、LVEDV、LVESV及6分钟步行试验整体及两组均较基线无明显变化(P均0.05)。组间不良事件比较无差异(P均0.05)。因此,维格列汀未导致心力衰竭合并2型糖尿病患者左室功能的恶化及不良事件的发生。     

螺内酯治疗对轻度心力衰竭患者骨桥蛋白水平的影响

本研究选取2013年1月～2013年8月广东省韶关市铁路医院收治的轻度心力衰竭（左室射血分数〈40％,NYHAⅡ级）患者共65例,随机分为试验组（A组）和对照组（B组）,A组在常规基础治疗之上加用螺内酯（20rag、Qd）,B组采用常规基础治疗。于患者住院期间及出院后3个月抽血行EI。IsA法检测血清骨桥蛋白、NT—proBNP水平以及心脏超声检查测量左室舒张末内径（LVEDd）以及左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果显示：两组患者在年龄、性别、低密度脂蛋白等比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与治疗前比,治疗后两组患者血清骨桥蛋白、NT-proBNP水平、LVEDd均明显下降,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但试验组血清骨桥蛋白、NT—proBNP水平下降更明显,两组相比差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后,两组患者的LVEF均高于治疗前,但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。直线相关分析显示：血清骨桥蛋白水平与NT-proBNP水平呈正相关（r=0．235,P〈0．05）,与LVEDd呈正相关（r=0．432,P〈0．05）。提示在常规基础治疗上加用螺内酯可以改善轻度心力衰竭患者心室重构及骨桥蛋白的水平。     

Tei指数在冠心病患者随访中评价心功能的临床价值

通过分析Tei指数与左室射血分数(LVEF)、E/A比值的相关性,观察Tei指数对应用比索洛尔的冠心病患者心功能变化的评估价值。入选118例PCI术后患者,口服富马酸比索洛尔,将心率控制在55次/分~60次/分。分别于治疗前、治疗后6个月(M6)、18个月(M18)测定LVEF、E/A比值和Tei指数,记录不良反应以及MACE事件。治疗后6个月、18个月Tei指数平均值均较治疗前降低,LVEF则较治疗前升高,Tei指数变化与LVEF呈负相关,和E/A无相关性。Tei指数对评价左室收缩功能比较敏感,对左室舒张功能评价作用有限。     

Cardiac preoccupations

The origins and development of mental representations of internal bodily organs are, in general, difficult to discern. This is so even in the case of an internal bodily organ such as the heart, which is more readily perceived than most other body organs since its beating can be felt and heard. It is even true in the case of individuals in whose psyche the heart comes to play an inordinately prominent role. It was so in the case presented in this paper, the case of a man who was preoccupied with the idea that he was going to die of a heart attack, as his father had. It required a great deal of analytic work to uncover some of the underlying conflict-laden factors which lay behind his cardiac preoccupations. Those conflicts and fantasies that were uncovered derived from many developmental layers, but seemed to be organized around a central bisexual conflict resulting from the threat of castration for both positive and negative oedipal wishes. The two main unconscious mental representations of the heart in his case were as an erect, pulsating penis and as a blood-filled vagina, although other representations such as a bloody anus also existed. A relatively accurate, realistic mental representation of the heart probably evolves slowly during the development of any individual and is probably always distorted somewhat by infantile unconscious concepts along the way. In a situation where a parent has had a cardiac illness, and particularly when this illness occurred during the individual's childhood, the mental representation of the heart can be even more distorted than usual by the developmental conflicts that are intensified by the parental illness.     

Cardiac Disorders and Antidepressant Medications

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) have been associated with an increase in cardiovascular disorders, especially in depressed patients who have pre-existing cardiac disease. These disorders are less likely to occur when a therapeutic dosage is administered. Injuries because of falls are more likely in elderly depressed patients, and orthostatic hypotension occurs with the use of TCAs. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants differ structurally and in side effects from TCAs and MAOIs. They appear to be effective for treatment of depression, and their side-effect profiles appear safer than those of earlier approved antidepressants used by depressed patients with cardiovascular disorders.     

心律失常发生的别差异

临盘床中某些心律失常的发生具有性别差异。女性同男性相比,其平均静息心率快,QT间期长,QRS波群时间短,QRS电压低。女性有更高的病态窦房结综合征、不适当性窦性心动过速、房室结折返性心动过速、右室特发性室速和长QT间期综合征引起的心律失常事件的发生率。而男性房室传导阻滞、颈动脉窦综合征、房颤、旁路导致的室上性心动过速、预激综合征、室颤、猝死、Brugada综合征和触发型室速的发生率高。这些差异有的与心律失常伴发的器质性心脏病男女发生率不同有关,另外性激素对离子通道的功能、表达的影响以及自主神经张力的差异在这些差异的产生中也具有重要作用。了解这些差异对女性心律失常处理具有重要的指导作用。     

Cardiac disorders and antidepressant medications

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) have been associated with an increase in cardiovascular disorders, especially in depressed patients who have pre-existing cardiac disease. These disorders are less likely to occur when a therapeutic dosage is administered. Injuries because of falls are more likely in elderly depressed patients, and orthostatic hypotension occurs with the use of TCAs. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants differ structurally and in side effects from TCAs and MAOIs. They appear to be effective for treatment of depression, and their side-effect profiles appear safer than those of earlier approved antidepressants used by depressed patients with cardiovascular disorders.     

心律失常发生的性别差异

临床中某些心律失常的发生具有性别差异.女性同男性相比,其平均静息心率快,QT间期长,QRS波群时间短,QRS电压低.女性有更高的病态窦房结综合征、不适当性窦性心动过速、房室结折返性心动过速、右室特发性室速和长QT间期综合征引起的心律失常事件的发生率.而男性房宣传导阻滞、颈动脉窦综合征、、房颤、旁路导致的室上性心动过速、预激综合征、室颤、猝死、Brugada综合征和触发型室速的发生率高.这些差异有的与心律失常伴发的器质性心脏病男女发生率不同有关,另外性激素对离子通道的功能、表达的影响以及自主神经张力的差异在这些差异的产生中也具有重要作用.了解这些差异对女性心律失常处理具有重要的指导作用.     

2~6岁儿童心迷走紧张的发展

考察2岁、4岁和6岁3个组共104名有效被试,在基线状态下的基线迷走紧张以及与年龄相符的中等压力任务下的迷走抑制的发展。结果发现,基线迷走紧张与迷走抑制有不同的发展模式：4岁组、6岁组儿童的基线迷走紧张显著地高于2岁组,而4岁组与6岁组之间没有显著差异,基线心跳周期随年龄的增长而相应增长;迷走抑制没有年龄差异,6岁组的基线对任务的心跳周期变化显著地大于2岁组的心跳周期变化