对边缘性人格障碍亚型的研究

边缘性人格障碍是一种最常见的人格障碍。描述性精神病学、心理测验和精神分析的研究发现,边缘性人格障碍可能是由若干个异质性的亚群体组成,不同的亚群在症状表现、病因、心理病理机制、对治疗干预的反应和预后等方面可能都存在着很大的差异,可以根据不同的维度将其进行亚型分类,而使同一个亚群中的个体差异小于不同亚群之间的个体差异。     

克恩伯格边缘性人格组织理论述评

边缘性人格组织是人格障碍的内在结构。克恩伯格主要从非特异性自我虚弱性、现实检验、原始防御机制、病理性的内在客体关系以及身份认同紊乱五个方面阐述了边缘性人格组织理论。该理论弥补了DSM-Ⅳ中人格障碍诊断标准的无理论化倾向的缺陷,并为深入理解人格障碍的心理病理学提供了一个系统框架。     

高边缘性人格障碍特质者负性沉浸的自我反思倾向

采用自我参照范式考察边缘性人格障碍(BPD)的自我反思特点。实验1对比高、低BPD特质被试在自我和姓名参照条件下正负性词汇的再认成绩,发现高BPD特质者在自我参照条件下的负性词汇记忆成绩显著高于低BPD特质组。实验2对高BPD特质被试进行正念自我反思训练,结果发现相对于对照组,训练组在自我参照条件下负性词汇的记忆成绩显著降低。高BPD特质者的自我反思存在负性沉浸倾向,且正念自我反思训练可以改善该倾向。     

反社会型人格障碍病因研究之现状

在各种人格障碍中,反社会人格障碍因其对社会的巨大危害而受到关注,对他的病因研究是进行得最多、最全面的。本文介绍了有关反社会人格障碍病因研究的动向,主要包括其生物学病因、家庭关系等方面的研究,并重点介绍了其病因研究的最新观点,即关于反社会人格障碍形成的发展观。最后根据当前的研究成果,提出应从生物——心理——社会的综合模式去探究反社会人格障碍的成因。     

边缘性人格障碍者的极化思维

<正>这是对边缘性人格障碍者个案的督导。来访者是一个刚刚走上工作岗位的大学毕业生。对她的咨询是一个长程个案,持续了半年多。督导为一对一的个别督导。这是第六次咨询结束后的督导。咨询师:"这次咨询结束我充满了惊讶和疑惑。"督导:"为什么?"咨询师:"她一坐下来就说她准备下周一去上班。我就问她接受了哪一份工作,因为上周她还在为四份工作中接受哪一份感到困惑呢。但她居然说她拒绝了上次说过的四份,而接     

多学科聚焦人格障碍

从心理学、医学、哲学和伦理学的角度看,人格障碍这一变态心理学概念表现得相当复杂和模糊.从心理学角度看,人格障碍的本质是个体性格的多重性和矛盾性以及自我意识障碍及特殊的认知结构和行为模式.从医学模式疾病的六要素(病因、发病机制、临床表现、分类、诊断与治疗)看,人格障碍作为一个疾病单元基本不成立.从哲学角度看,人格障碍的哲学本质是患者主体价值世界与意义系统的紊乱.从伦理学角度看,人格障碍的一些特殊行为模式表现主要是违背了当时社会文化背景下的伦理规则和法律体系.     

辩证行为疗法的回顾与前瞻

辩证行为疗法(DBT)是最近十几年来兴起的一种主要针对边缘性人格障碍(BPD)的有效治疗方法。就辩证行为疗法的基本理论与治疗模式、治疗阶段与治疗策略进行综述,并介绍了国外最近的临床研究进展,最后对该疗法的应用前景进行了展望。     

人格障碍诊断系统研究发展的新趋势

人格障碍一直是临床实践和科学研究都较难开展的领域，这在一定程度上是受到了当前所采用的分类诊断系统的阻碍。本文综述了人格障碍的传统分类诊断系统所存在的问题，并进而介绍了新的维度诊断系统发展的状况。     

大学生人格障碍和心理防御机制的关系

本研究通过对160名随机抽样的在校大学生施测DSQ和PDR问卷,研究人格障碍与心理防御机制的关系,结果显示:(1)不成熟的防御机制与人格障碍呈正相关,而成熟的防御机制与人格障碍无明显的相关:(2)投射、被动攻击、潜意显现和退缩是与大学生的人格障碍相关最显着的四种防御机制;(3)在某些人格障碍类型上,男女生使用的防御机制有所不同     

国外人格障碍五因素模型研究述评

近些年来,国外许多心理学家致力于将基础的人格理论和人格障碍研究相结合的工作,其中将五因素模型引入人格障碍的研究已经取得了很大进展。文章主要总结了这方面的研究成果,探讨了将五因素模型应用于临床诊断和干预的可能性,最后讨论了未来人格障碍的研究方向     

Children At-Risk for Borderline Personality Disorder

Adult patients who have been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have provided valuable information about events and family dynamics that are frequently associated with BPD. Clinicians who work with children are frequently aware of family or individual characteristics that may put a child at risk for developing BPD. Such situations frequently involve attachment issues with the child's caregivers and can include sexual abuse, divorce, alcoholism/substance use, illness/ death, and neglect. Child characteristics such as learning difficulties and temperament may also predict BPD. Yet, many children are resilient and seemingly unaffected by these events or situations, especially when early intervention may prevent development of BPD.     

Attachment in Adolescence and Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been conceptualized as a constellation of symptoms related to problems in self-functioning, emotion regulation, and interpersonal relationships. Its etiology has been connected to individuals’ early childhood environment, caregiving relationships, and traumatic life events. Recent literature has noted the potential presence of BPD beginning in adolescence, or even earlier in childhood. Attachment theory offers a lens for understanding the symptoms of borderline personality disorder and identifying potential aspects of treatment that may be specifically valuable for adolescent patients. Adolescence marks a time when the attachment system has increased relevance due to the importance of identity formation, peer relationships, body representations and the development of autonomy at this time, in the face of physical changes and academic challenges. This article will summarize research on attachment, body representations, personality disorders, and features of development in adolescence, in order to enhance clinical understanding of patients who presenting with these types of difficulties.     

Recognition of facial affect in Borderline Personality Disorder

Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have been described as emotionally hyperresponsive, especially to anger and fear in social contexts. The aim was to investigate whether BPD patients are more sensitive but less accurate in terms of basic emotion recognition, and show a bias towards perceiving anger and fear when evaluating ambiguous facial expressions. Twenty-five women with BPD were compared with healthy controls on two different facial emotion recognition tasks. The first task allowed the assessment of the subjective detection threshold as well as the number of evaluation errors on six basic emotions. The second task assessed a response bias to blends of basic emotions. BPD patients showed no general deficit on the affect recognition task, but did show enhanced learning over the course of the experiment. For ambiguous emotional stimuli, we found a bias towards the perception of anger in the BPD patients but not towards fear. BPD patients are accurate in perceiving facial emotions, and are probably more sensitive to familiar facial expressions. They show a bias towards perceiving anger, when socio-affective cues are ambiguous. Interpersonal training should focus on the differentiation of ambiguous emotion in order to reduce a biased appraisal of others.     

The MMPI,Prototypal Typology,and Borderline Personality Disorder

This study demonstrates inherent features in the DSM-III diagnostic criteria for personality disorders (i.e., overlapping diagnoses and heterogeneous symptomatology) that limit efforts to identify a sensitive and specific MMPI profile for the borderline personality disorder. A sample of 71 inpatients was administered an MMPI and a semistructured interview that systematically evaluated each of 81 symptoms for the 11 DSM-III personality disorders. Interrater reliability was substantially higher than has been obtained with unstructured interviews. The effect on the borderline MMPI profile of (a) variation in the number of borderline symptoms and (b) overlap with the schizotypal, histrionic, and antisocial diagnoses was demonstrated. We discuss implications with respect to a prototypal model of classification.     

Recommending Interventions for a Borderline Personality Disorder Patient

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe personality disorder leading to unstable emotional state, impulsivity, disturbed relationships and personal distress. This paper suggests a 12-step intervention plan including Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to Mr. X, a 21 year old male psychiatric inpatient having BPD, to promote his mental health. Therapy could not be conducted as the patient dropped out of treatment and got himself discharged from the hospital. This paper outlines implications for treatment on the basis of the clinical presentation of Mr. X. Mr. X presents himself with the BPD features showing suicidal tendencies, substance abuse and disturbed emotions. In depth interview of the patient showed extreme emotional disturbance and difficulty in controlling emotions and suicidal ideations. He was admitted at the Nur Manzil Psychiatric Centre, Lucknow, India and was kept under close observation because of being obsessed with suicidal thoughts; he also tried to kill himself. The DBT skills training and problem solving approach along with contingency management and behavioral chain analysis are suggested according to the clinical profile of Mr. X in order to reduce his self mutilating acts and substance abuse. Thus a general feeling of personal well being can be achieved thereby reducing personal distress.     

Borderline Personality Disorder: towards a systemic formulation

The diagnostic label, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), is rapidly gaining currency in the UK. Although many systemic practitioners are skilled and experienced at working with the clinical difficulties associated with the diagnosis, there is little systemic literature on the topic. This paper discusses some of the difficulties for systemic practitioners in engaging with the concept of BPD and offers some pointers for the development of systemic practice in this area.     

Dysfunctional beliefs and psychopathology in Borderline Personality Disorder

This study examined the factor structure of the Borderline Personality Disorder subscale of the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ-BPD; Butler, Brown, Beck, & Grisham, 2002), and the relationships between the emergent factors and psychopathology. The sample comprised 184 patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors relating respectively to dependency, distrust, and the belief that one should act preemptively to avoid threat. Although the three factors were significantly associated with depression, only dependency and distrust significantly correlated with hopelessness. Distrust was the sole factor that correlated significantly with suicide ideation. These findings support the dimensional structure of the PBQ-BPD. Given its multidimensional structure, the scale can be used as a measure of belief profiles associated with BPD and as an aid to conceptualizing beliefs underlying a range of psychopathology associated with patients with BPD.     

Impulsivity and emotion dysregulation in Borderline Personality Disorder

This study examined the association of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and negative emotional states with impulsivity in the laboratory. Undergraduate participants who were high in BPD features (high-BPD; n = 39) and controls who were low in BPD features (low-BPD; n = 56) completed measures of negative emotional state before a laboratory measure of impulsivity--a passive avoidance learning task. Controlling for psychopathology, high-BPD participants committed a greater number of impulsive responses than did low-BPD participants. Negative emotional state moderated the effect of BPD on impulsive responses. High-BPD participants who were in a negative emotional state committed fewer impulsive responses than high-BPD participants who were low in negative emotional state. Fear, nervousness, and shame negatively correlated with impulsivity among high-BPD participants but not among low-BPD participants. In addition, high-BPD participants reported greater emotion dysregulation in a variety of domains, compared with low-BPD participants.