The Moral Judgments of Chinese Students

Abstract

The Defining Issues Test (DIT) was translated into Chinese and administered to 84 male and 84 female Chinese subjects in Hong Kong. No significant sex differences in all of the stage scores derived from DIT ratings and rankings were found. In addition, the Pearson correlation matrix of Stage 2 through 6 scores for the females but not for the males approximated a simplex-like pattern. The unrotated factor loadings of the Principal Components Analysis for the female subjects provided clear support to the claim of an ordered sequence of Kohlberg's stages measured by the DIT. The factor loadings on the higher stages (4, 5, and 6), however, were less discriminating and consistent in the male factor pattern.     

Moral Judgments of Aggressive and Nonaggressive Children

Abstract

Moral judgments were studied in 103 aggressive and 79 nonaggressive 10-year-old Finnish children. Their aggressiveness was evaluated by means of peer ratings. Moral judgments were assessed by presenting them with stories from their daily lives that contained moral conflicts. The results showed that the children did not adopt a constant level of moral reasoning; instead, judgments were situation specific. Furthermore, the moral cognitions of aggressive children did not differ from those of their nonaggressive peers, although sex-related differences tended to be significant: Boys adopted absolute moral standards, whereas girls' judgments were more relative.     

The Relation Between Ethical Codes and Moral Principles

We describe the application of fundamental moral principles, with particular emphasis on prima facie duties, to formal codes of ethics that regulate the conduct of forensic psychologists who act as expert witnesses. Then we discuss the American Psychological Association's (1992) "Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct" and the Committee on Ethical Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists's "Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists" (1991 ) and critically appraise how these documents translate basic moral principles. We conclude that, in many ways, the documents exemplify ethical obligations such as nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice, but they fall short in many other ways, particularly with regard to autonomy and fidelity.     

情绪状态对大学生道德判断能力的影响

采用道德判断测验(MJT中文版),以300名大学生为被试,考察了情绪状态对大学生道德判断能力的影响。结果发现:(1)大学生道德判断能力的年级差异显著;(2)情绪状态对大学生道德判断能力具有显著影响,快乐状态下的道德判断能力高于悲伤状态,这与国外的研究结论正好相反;(3)道德判断任务的自我相关性对大学生道德判断能力的影响不显著。     

The Effect of Training Children to Consider Intentions When Making Moral Judgments

Summary

Prekindergarten children were trained to consider intentions when making moral judgments. Children were read pairs of stories that described an act producing damage. They were then asked to identify the worst act. In a verbal discrimination group, children were reinforced when they selected the act where the doer intended damage. The discussion group was also asked to identify the more negative act, but then participated in a discussion of their choices. The control group was given stories that did not contain acts producing damage. The results indicated that both types of training were instrumental in aiding children to consider the intentions of an agent when making moral judgments.     

外层空间探索利用中的角色冲突与道德抉择

人在一定道德意识支配下的道德抉择往往需要在价值冲突中进行,外层空间探索利用中的价值冲突本质上是由国家利益与人类共同利益发生冲突而引发的.本文针对外空探索利用中的政治家、科学家及其共同体、航天员及太空产业运营商等不同主体,剖析了其在面对不同角色冲突时的道德抉择困惑.     

Ethical Naturalism and Moral Twin Earth

In order to rebut G. E. Moore’s open question argument, ethical naturalists adopt a theory of direct reference for our moral terms. T. Horgan and M. Timmons have argued that this theory cannot be applied to moral terms, on the ground that it clashes with competent speakers’ linguistic intuitions. While Putnam’s Twin Earth thought experiment shows that our linguistic intuitions confirm the theory of direct reference, as applied to ‘water’, Horgan and Timmons devise a parallel thought experiment about moral terms, in order to show that this theory runs against our linguistic intuitions about such terms. My claim is that the Horgan–Timmons argument does not work. I concede that their thought experiment is a good way to test the applicability of the theory of direct reference to moral terms, and argue that the upshot of their experiment is not what they claim it is: our linguistic intuitions about Moral Twin Earth are parallel to, not different from, our intuitions about Twin Earth.

110的伦理两难和道德争议

文章采用个案分析的方法阐释了我国警察行业的几对基本的道德争议和伦理两难。我国“110”报警服务台实行“四有四必”之后,在广受欢迎、深得民心的同时,也遭遇了进退两难的尴尬:面对大量的搔扰和求助等非警务电话,是信守“有求必应”的承诺而继续承受似乎“份外”的重负,还是放弃承诺专注“份内”之事?什么是警察的“份内”职责,什么是“份外”的?什么是“为人民服务”,“为人民服务”与个别化服务之间的关系如何?如何取舍群众的万能化期望与警察职业的专业化发展之间的矛盾?关于这些问题的道德争议,引发了警察职业伦理的困惑与两难。     

论爱因斯坦的伦理思想和道德实践

爱因斯坦不仅是20世纪最伟大的科学家和思想家,而且也是一位伟大的人。他的伦理思想丰富而深邃,他的道德实践切实而感人。这位知行合一的伟人不愧是世人做人的楷模。     

青少年道德情绪判断与归因特点研究

运用情境故事考察246名青少年在犯过情境中的道德情绪判断与归因特点,以年龄、犯过类别、行为者意图结果的匹配关系为因素进行对数线性分析。结果表明：犯过类别、行为者意图结果的匹配关系对青少年道德情绪判断与归因存在重要影响,青少年道德情绪判断与归因上的年龄差异主要存在于12岁组和14岁以上组之间,12岁组的情绪判断较为单一,归因上以道德定向为主,而14岁以上组出现了更多复杂情绪判断及移情定向归因。