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1.
赵宁  刘鑫  李纾  郑蕊 《心理科学进展》2022,30(6):1230-1241
默认选项设置指通过设置默认选项以增加人们选择该选项可能性的助推方法, 近年来被越来越多地运用于促进公众积极行为上, 然而这种方法在有效性上却受到了来自公众和学者的质疑。据此, 本研究运用元分析法整合了近几年有关默认选项设置的已有实证研究, 分析该助推手段的有效性, 并进一步考察可能影响其有效性的相关变量。研究共纳入符合要求的原始文献56篇, 含92个研究, 结果发现:(1)默认选项设置的确能有效助推人们的行为; (2)默认选项设置的助推有效性在东、西方文化下存在显著差异, 其在西方文化背景下的助推效果要显著好于其在东方文化背景下的使用; (3)默认选项设置的助推有效性在不同情境应用领域中存在显著差异, 相较于健康和环保领域, 默认选项设置在金钱相关的情境领域下助推效果更好。  相似文献   

2.
本研究以买房送家电为情境,通过三个实验探索默认选项对赠品选择行为的影响。实验1和2通过情境实验,分别在不考虑家电成本和考虑家电成本的情况下,考察默认选项对选择行为的影响。两个实验结果均表明,在设置默认选项后,个体倾向于选择默认选项。实验3通过现场实验,采用普通居民作为被试,也发现了默认选项效应。上述结果共同表明,设置默认选项可以影响个体对赠品的选择,既成事实的默认选项对选择行为产生的影响更大。  相似文献   

3.
本研究采用实验室和现场实验的方法检验了默认选项的助推策略是否能够促进慈善捐赠行为。结果发现:(1)相较于把被试费的“保留选项”设置为默认,把“捐献选项”设置为默认时,被试捐献的概率和金额更高;(2)在多个捐款选项情景中,默认选项的设置总体上提高了默认选项被选择的概率;将最大金额选项设置为默认选项有助于提高被试平均捐赠额。这些发现表明,应用默认选项的助推策略能够有效促进人们的捐赠行为。本研究结果对减少募捐成本、提高募捐效率有所启示。  相似文献   

4.
助推爱心:利用默认选项促进捐赠行为   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
宋官东 《心理科学》2005,28(5):1174-1179
本研究采用实验室和现场实验的方法检验了默认选项的助推策略是否能够促进慈善捐赠行为。结果发现:(1)相较于把被试费的“保留选项”设置为默认,把“捐献选项”设置为默认时,被试捐献的概率和金额更高;(2)在多个捐款选项情景中,默认选项的设置总体上提高了默认选项被选择的概率;将最大金额选项设置为默认选项有助于提高被试平均捐赠额。这些发现表明,应用默认选项的助推策略能够有效促进人们的捐赠行为。本研究结果对减少募捐成本、提高募捐效率有所启示。  相似文献   

5.
樊亚凤  蒋晶  崔稳权 《心理学报》2019,51(4):415-427
本文探讨了在网络公益背景下默认选项金额对个人捐赠意愿的影响及其心理机制。通过4个实验,本文发现在网络公益平台中将默认选项设置为高金额会显著地减少个人的捐赠意愿,而感知被操控在该影响过程中起到了中介作用。具体而言,当公益机构将默认选项的金额设置为高金额(vs.低金额)时,人们的被操控感知增强,进而捐赠意愿降低,产生了默认效应的反作用。此外,个体道德认同水平在这一影响中发挥了调节作用。当个体道德认同水平较低时,高金额默认选项(vs.低金额默认选项)会降低其捐赠意愿,而对于道德认同水平较高的个体而言,他们的捐赠意愿在高/低金额默认选项时不存在显著差异。研究结论推进了默认效应在捐赠决策领域的理论研究,同时对于当前快速发展的网络公益平台进行捐赠金额的设置具有重要的实践意义。  相似文献   

6.
意外伤害是危害儿童健康的主要因素,虽然其发生具有一定的随机性和不可预料性,但仍然是可防、可控的;在掌握了儿童意外伤害的流行特征之后,我们可以采取一系列具有人文策略的干预措施,来增加儿童及家长的依从性,从而降低致残率和致死率;有关儿童意外伤害的研究工作还存在一些问题.  相似文献   

7.
防范儿童意外伤害的人文策略   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
意外伤害是危害儿童健康的主要因素,虽然其发生具有一定的随机性和不可预料性,但仍然是可防、可控的;在掌握了儿童意外伤害的流行特征之后,我们可以采取一系列具有人文策略的干预措施,来增加儿童及家长的依从性,从而降低致残率和致死率;有关儿童意外伤害的研究工作还存在一些问题。  相似文献   

8.
    
We investigated the ethical decision-making processes and intentions of 151 military personnel responding to 1 of 2 ethical scenarios drawn from the deployment experiences of military commanders. For each scenario, option choice and perspective affected decision-making processes. Differences were also found between the 2 scenarios. Results add to the emerging literature concerning operational ethical conflicts and highlight the complexity and challenge that often accompanies operational ethics.  相似文献   

9.
According to luck egalitarianism, inequalities are justified if and only if they arise from choices for which it is reasonable to hold agents responsible. This position has been criticised for its purported harshness in responding to the plight of individuals who, through their own choices, end up destitute. This paper aims to assess the Harshness Objection. I put forward a version of the objection that has been qualified to take into account some of the more subtle elements of the luck egalitarian approach. Revising the objection in this way suggests that the Harshness Objection has been overstated by its proponents: because luck egalitarians are sensitive to the influence of unequal brute luck on individuals’ choices, it is unlikely that there will be any real world cases in which the luck egalitarian would not have to provide at least partial compensation. However, the Harshness Objection still poses problems for the luck egalitarian. First, it is not clear that partial compensation will be sufficient to avoid catastrophic outcomes. Second, the Harshness Objection raises a theoretical problem in that a consistent luck egalitarian will have to regard it as unjust if any assistance is provided to the victim of pure option luck, even if such assistance could be provided at no cost. I consider three strategies the luck egalitarian could pursue to accommodate these concerns and conclude that none of these strategies can be maintained without either violating basic luck egalitarian principles or infringing upon individual liberty.
Kristin VoigtEmail:
  相似文献   

10.
    
Choice preferences for the compromise option are one common way to make decisions which has received a great deal of research attention to seek a richer understanding of consumers' product choices. Prior research has focused on investigating the various factors underlying the compromise choice. Given that the literature on cognitive style provides considerable evidence of how a holistic-analytic thinking style influences consumers' decision-making processes, this article applies an individual-differences perspective to examine the influence of consumers' situationally activated styles of thinking on their choice of compromise option. We conduct two separate experimental studies in Korea and in France, as representatives of holistic-and analytic-thinking culture, respectively, and identify whether priming consumers to think either holistically or analytically induces the shift in their thinking tendencies and consequently in their choice behavior. The results demonstrate a significant interaction between consumers' culture and the priming condition; French consumers have a greater tendency to select compromise option in holistic-prime condition, while Korean consumers have a lower tendency to select compromise option in analytic-prime condition. Contributing to literature not only on compromise choice, but also on priming effects of thinking style, the findings provide useful managerial insights into implementing effective global strategies for compromise-option product ranges.  相似文献   

11.
李斌  张淑颖冯凯 《心理科学》2022,45(5):1174-1181
社会排斥会导致许多消极影响,人们会尝试通过各种策略对此进行缓解,而消费是其中重要的一种应对方式。本文通过3个实验考察了社会排斥和消费选择偏向(体验性消费vs.实物性消费)的关系,同时探讨了怀旧的调节作用和社会联结的中介作用。结果发现,社会排斥可以提高消费者对体验性消费的偏好,怀旧调节了社会排斥与体验性消费偏向的关系,并通过社会联结的中介作用进一步缓冲了社会排斥对消费选择偏向的影响。  相似文献   

12.
探讨生活方式对大学生在线音乐购买意向的影响机制。采用生活方式量表、在线音乐感知价值量表、神经质量表以及在线音乐购买意向量表对2011名大学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)时尚品味、完美主义和崇尚自由正向预测大学生在线音乐购买意向;(2)在线音乐感知价值在时尚品味与大学生在线音乐购买意向之间起部分中介作用,在线音乐感知价值在崇尚自由与大学生在线音乐购买意向之间起完全中介作用,在线音乐感知价值在中庸内敛、积极进取与大学生在线音乐购买意向之间起遮掩效应;(3)神经质调节了在线音乐感知价值对大学生在线音乐购买意向的影响。  相似文献   

13.
    
Multiple‐choice tests are frequently used in personnel selection contexts to measure knowledge and abilities. Option weighting is an alternative multiple‐choice scoring procedure that awards partial credit for incomplete knowledge reflected in applicants’ distractor choices. We investigated whether option weights should be based on expert judgment or on empirical data when trying to outperform conventional number‐right scoring in terms of reliability and validity. To obtain generalizable results, we used repeated random sub‐sampling validation and found that empirical option weighting, but not expert option weighting, increased the reliability of a knowledge test. Neither option weighting procedure improved test validity. We recommend to improve the reliability of existing ability and knowledge tests used for personnel selection by computing and publishing empirical option weights.  相似文献   

14.
冲动性购买行为的研究综述   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
冲动性购买行为是消费行为研究的热点问题之一。因为冲动性购买涉及到的心理过程比较复杂 ,所以研究者对于冲动性购买概念的界定一直缺乏一致性。本文讨论了非计划性购买、冲动性购买与强迫性购买三种行为 ,探讨了当前研究方法的局限性 ,总结了以往关于冲动性购买的内在心理机制的研究 ,并探讨了今后可能的研究方向  相似文献   

15.
In two-stage choices, decision makers often compare a new (isolated) option with the winner from the first stage. Previous research has identified a choice advantage for an isolated option, ostensibly due to loss aversion. We propose an alternative mechanism suggesting that instability of the criteria used in each choice stage is the main driver of the isolated option effect. Results from a series of experiments support the criteria instability account and not loss aversion as the explanation for the isolated option effect.  相似文献   

16.
    
Although the number of studies on online reviews is growing, the impact of reviewer photo on consumer purchase decision-making has not yet been examined systematically. In particular, the underlying neural mechanisms have remained underexplored. Thus, the present study investigated whether and how reviewer photos affects consumers to make a purchase decision by using eventrelated potentials (ERPs). At the behavioral level, participants demonstrated a higher purchase rate with a shorter RT in situations with reviewer photos compared to situations without reviewer photos. Meanwhile, at the neural level, compared with situations without reviewer photos, situations with reviewer photos attracted more rapid attention resources at the early automatic processing phase, which induced a greater P2 amplitude, then mobilized more sustained attention allocation at the cognitive monitoring phase due to its evolutionary significance which elicited a more negative N2 amplitude, and finally resulted in a better evaluative categorization with higher motivational and emotional arousal due to its social presence which evoked a larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitude at the late elaborate cognitive processing phase. Those results illuminated the neural pathway of purchase decision-making when consumers were exposed in different conditions of reviewer photo. Moreover, the current study provided evidence for the underlying influence of reviewer photo on purchase decision-making in online shopping.  相似文献   

17.
蒋奖  徐凤  曾陶然  徐亚一 《心理科学进展》2014,22(11):1782-1790
体验购买是指为了获得生活经历或经验而进行的购买, 与其相对应的是实物购买, 指的是为了拥有物质类商品而进行的消费行为。这两种购买类型对于个体的快乐有着不同的影响, 体验购买比实物购买更让人感到快乐和愉悦, 其中的原因存在于以下5个方面:体验随时间的推移而改善, 变得越来越美好; 体验与自我的联系更为紧密; 体验购买不易引起社会比较; 体验能够满足基本心理需要, 尤其是关系需要; 体验易于分享。未来研究可以从以下3个方面着手:(1) 探索购买类型对快乐感的长期影响以及对不同取向幸福感的作用, 体验优先的适用范围; (2) 改进现有回忆和想象的研究范式, 提高生态效度; (3) 结合我国实际情况开展购买类型与快乐感的本土化研究。  相似文献   

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