社会支持对慢性病患者身心健康的影响

慢性疾病已经成为威胁现代人健康的头号问题。社会支持作为影响人们身心健康的重要因素,在减轻疾病压力、帮助人们应对压力以及减少心理不适、增进身体健康等方面发挥着重要的作用。从社会网络理论的视角,考察社会支持对慢性病患者身心健康的影响,提出相应的社会支持对策。     

R．D．莱因对传统精神疾病诊疗观的变革

传统的精神疾病诊断以一种经验式的分类手册来诊断精神疾病,而莱因主张从存在主义——现象学的视角来理解精神疾病,认为家庭或社会才是精神疾病的真正来源。在精神疾病的治疗方面,莱因主张通过改变患者的生存环境来促使其进行自我恢复。莱因的思想推动了当代精神病学的变革与发展,具有重要的现实意义。     

An adjusted measure of achievement motivation for males and females and effects of future orientation on level of performance

An adjusted measure of achievement motivation was devised with the combined use of the Mehrabian Achievement Scale (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1968, 28, 493–502) and the Mandler and Sarason (Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1952, 47, 166–173) Test Anxiety Questionnaire. Contingent instructions, in which Ss were told success on a test was necessary to qualify for opportunities to succeed on subsequent tests, were contrasted to performance in equivalent noncontingent situations and relative to adjusted achievement motivation for both male and female subjects. In noncontingent situations Ss were told performance on any one test did not affect their opportunity to take subsequent tests. Support was obtained for the use of the above mentioned scales as a predictor of performance for both sexes but not for the Mehrabian by itself. Both male and female Ss high in achievement motivation consistently scored significantly higher than Ss low in achievement motivation in all conditions. The expected interactions between treatments and motive groups were not found but t tests between extreme motive groups within conditions revealed significant differences in the expected directions. These results do not provide statistically reliable support to the elaborated theory of achievement motivation.