是、应该与做--对解释世界、规范世界与改变世界诸问题的形上离析

检讨西方哲学史 ,我们能够清楚地发现两大平行演进的问题 :一是“是” (ｂｅｉｎｇ)的问题 ,一是“应该” (ｏｕｇｈｔ)的问题。“是”的问题也就是“事实”的问题 ,“应该”的问题也就是“价值”的问题。对“是”的问题的提问方式主要有 :是否存在“事实” ?能否以及如何认识“事实” ?对“事实”的表述何以可能 ?对“应该”的问题的提问方式主要有 :何谓“价值” ?存在着哪些价值 ?“价值”选择的前提和基准是什么 ?应当说 ,这两类问题在西方哲学史的两大传统 (古希腊传统和基督教传统 )中都同时存在 ,但古希腊传统以开掘“是”的问题见长…     

Being an Intelligent Slave of God

How did premodern Muslim thinkers talk about living authentically as a Muslim in the world? How, in their view, could selves transform themselves into ideal religious subjects or slaves of God? Which virtues, technologies of the self and intersubjective relations did they see implicated in inhabiting or attaining what I shall call ?abdī subjectivity? In this paper, I make explicit how various discursive, ethical strategies formed, informed, and transformed Muslim subjectivity in early Muslim thought by focusing on the writings of an important ninth century Muslim moral pedagogue, al‐Mu?āsibī (d. 857). This study illustrates the advantages of approaching early Muslim texts and discourses through the tools and methods made available by comparative religious ethics in order to reexamine our understanding of Muslim subject formation and the role of ethical and theological discourses in the same.     

作为他者的上帝——列维纳斯哲学中的上帝概念

列维纳斯谈论的不是宗教的上帝观,而是形而上的上帝观。其内容包括:第一,如何重新定位上帝?他从笛卡儿的无限思想和希伯来《圣经》的上帝观念里引申出他者的上帝观。第二,如何理解上帝与人的关系?他认为上帝与人的关系既是断裂的,又有相遇的可能。第三,人如何接近上帝?他指出在伦理的相遇中接近上帝,上帝隐现于人的伦理践履之中。     

Being, Doing, and Knowing: Developing Ethical Competence in Health Care

There is a growing interest in ethical competence-building within nursing and health care practising. This tendency is accompanied by a remarkable growth of ethical guidelines. Ethical demands have also been laid down in laws. Present-day practitioners and researchers in health care are thereby left in a virtual cross-fire of various legislations, codes, and recommendations, all intended to guide behaviour. The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of ethical guidelines in the process of ethical competence-building within health care practice and medical research. A conceptual and critical philosophical analysis of some paragraphs of the Helsinki Declaration and of relevant literature was performed. Three major problems related to ethical guidelines were identified, namely, the interpretation problem (there is always a gap between the rule and the practice, which implies that ethical competence is needed for those who are to implement the guidelines); the multiplicity problem (the great number of codes, declarations, and laws might pull in different directions, which may confuse the health care providers who are to follow them); and the legalisation problem (ethics concerns may take on a legal form, where ethical reflection is replaced by a procedure of legal interpretations). Virtue ethics might be an alternative to a rule based approach. This position, however, can turn ethics into a tacit knowledge, leading to poorly reflected and inconsistent ethical decisions. Ethical competence must consist of both being (virtues) and doing (rules and principles), but also of knowing (critical reflection), and therefore a communicative based model is suggested.     

离别人间事 何关道者情——小议禅与送别诗

江淹《别赋》中说:“黯然销魂者,唯别而已矣。”别离,是中国文学中经久不衰的创作题材。早在《诗经》里就有“之子一,远送于野。瞻望弗及,润涕如雨。”〔1〕“于嗟阔兮。不我活兮。于嗟洵兮。不我信兮。”〔2〕这样的句子,堪称是中国送别诗的源头。到汉乐府、汉魏古诗中,送别诗日趋发展,《文选》已有送别一类。对于封建社会的知识分子而言,一生中辞亲远游、科举应试,甚至迁客贬谪等等常有发生。所谓“离群托诗以怨”,古人述别离之情的诗已成经典,李白“桃花潭水深千尺”〔3〕、王维“渭城朝雨轻尘”〔4〕、杜牧“蜡烛有心还惜别”〔5〕等,早…     

不可预思之在与本有——晚期谢林与后期海德格尔的存在概念

谢林晚期哲学和海德格尔后期思想有着许多相近之处,其中最重要的一点在于,两人都对克服传统形而上学进行了努力,并都在此基础上进行过新的思想可能性的尝试。谢林通过否定哲学与肯定哲学的区分,建立了一种不同于柏拉图传统的历史性存在概念,为一种新的存在意义和存在谱系学铺平了道路。海德格尔则更为明确地通过现象学的解释学跳出了传统的存在概念,并在作为存有的本有概念中以另一种方式补充了由谢林提出的新的存在理解方案;这一点同时也构成了两人间对话的可能。     

Person and Being: Conversation with T.F. Torrance about the Monarchy of God

In whom is the unified rule of God centred? Does ultimate determination and authority reside with God the Father or is supreme power shared equally by the Father, Son and Holy Spirit? T.F. Torrance's conception of a triune Monarchy, with its differentiated senses of God's Fatherhood, is here expounded and contrasted with Karl Barth's account of command and obedience as integral to God's eternal Being. A brief exegetical study in the Fourth Gospel is also undertaken to seek clarification. The main strengths of Torrance's view are reckoned the unqualified divinity of the Son and Spirit, and their full participation together with the Father in all God's ways and works. A weakness is identified, however, in an under‐determination of the Father's fatherliness. Resolution is then pursued in terms of Person and Being. Although Torrance makes wide‐ranging use of these terms, he does not appear to employ them sufficiently regarding the Monarchy. It is subsequently argued that with respect to Person God the Father is Monarch, while with respect to Being the Three share the Monarchy of God equally and eternally.     

Attachment, Working Models of Self and Others, and God Concept in Kindergarten

An attachment theoretical model of individual differences in God concepts among kindergarteners was tested. Subjects were 72 kindergarteners (mean age 63 months) from two elementary schools. Children's concepts of self, other, and God were measured using structured questionnaires. A questionnaire and an incomplete doll story procedure were used to tap the quality of the teacher-child and mother-child relationship. The model was partly supported. Contrary to our expectations, a punishing concept of God was not related to any of the independent variables. However, in line with the model, harmony and closeness in the teacher-child relationship predicted a loving God concept and this association was explained by children's working models of self. Working models of others predicted a loving God concept. Although the child's representation of the mother-child attachment relationship was significantly connected to the teacher-child relationship, it was not predictive of the concept of God.     

The Problem of a Transcendent God for the Well‐Being of Continuous Creation

This year marks the 30th Anniversary of Lynn White's critique of Christianity, which set off the field of eco‐theology. At that time, apologetic theologians responded to the White critique, that the Genesis “dominion” command is largely responsible for the contemporary ecological crisis, through reformulating Christian doctrines to address ecological issues. These pioneers have brought us a long way in terms of addressing both how Christianity has been responsible in supporting harmful human‐earth relations and what resources within the tradition might be useful for addressing the contemporary ecological crisis. Building on this work, this article suggests that Christian theology (whether eco or not) will continue to support an understanding of the human being as rooted “outside of creation” as long as the concept of a transcendent, Omni, Creator‐God is left intact. In place of this theological discourse of transcendence which secularizes the natural realm, I suggest a “radical materialist” (Val Plumwood) understanding of Christianity that moves between idealism and reductive materialism (both are forms of transcendence) through a “planetary” (Spivak) understanding of Creation and a “bio‐historical” (Gordon Kaufman) understanding of anthropology.     

The Akashic Field and Archetypal Occupations: Transforming Human Potential Through Doing and Being

The global crisis is heralding change within collective consciousness and humanity will be challenged to transform behaviors to co-create a sustainable future. Ervin Laszlo's Akashic Field could inspire such an archetypal shift, as exemplified in C.G. Jung's individuation process. Jung's encounters with the archetypes from the collective unconscious led him to connect deeply with Akashic experiences, which resulted in him expressing his human potential through renewed ways of doing and being. Humanity has an opportunity to develop and integrate transpersonal consciousness through engaging archetypal and Akashic experiences, which could inspire collective action for the co-creation of an improved future.