Bergson's and Sartre's Account of the Self in Relation to the Transcendental Ego

The historico-political category of 'Continental philosophy' arose in the United State and includes such figures as Adorno, Arendt, Beauvoir, Cairns, Carr, Cavailles, Deleuze, Derrida, Fink, Foucault, Funke, Gadamer, Gurwitsch, Habermas, Heidegger, Held, Ihde, Jaspers, Jonas, Kersten, Kristeva, Ingarden, Landgrebe, Levinas, Lyotard, Marcel, Marcuse, Marx, Merleau- Ponty, Mohanty, Natanson, Ortega y Gasset, Pato?ka, Reinach, Ricoeur, Sartre, Scheler, Schutz, Seebohm, Sokolowski, Spet, Stein, Stroeker, and Waldenfels. What these diverse figures share is (a) an early but not necessarily continued critical involvement with Husserl's phenomenology and (b) subsequent intellectual interaction with others who also began that way. Some comments on relations with analytic philosophy are also included with this historical sketch.     

Media Reviews

Rape Crisis , 87 minutes, color, 16mm and all video formats. Rent, $125; sale, 16 mm $875, video, $475. Cinema Guild, 1697 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
Comedienne , 82 minutes, color, 16mm and all video formats. Rent, $150; sale, $1200 16mm, $595 video. Cinema Guild, 1697 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
La Operucion 44 minutes, color, 16 mm and all video formats. Rent, $65; sale, $595 16 mm, $395 video. Cinema Guild, 1697 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
Sudden Changes: Post–Hysterectomy Syndrome , 29 minutes, color, all video formats. Rent, $50; sale, $295. Cinema Guild, 1697 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
Ecstasy Unlimited: The Interpenetrations of Sex and Capital , 60 minutes, color, all video formats. Rent, $90; sale, $350. Cinema Guild, 1697 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
Holy Terror , 58 minutes, color, 16mm and all video formats. Rent, $100; sale $895 16mm, $595 video. Cinema Guild, 1697 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community , 87 minutes, color, 16mm and all video formats. Rent, $125; sale, $1200 (16mm), $695 (video). Cinema Guild, 1697 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Browne, Nick, (ed.) Refiguring American Film Genres: Theory and History
Grunenberg, Christoph, (ed.) Gothic: Transmutations of Horror in Late-Twentieth-Century Art
Hopkins, Robert, Picture, Image and Experience: A Philosophical Inquiry
Kemal, Salim, Ivan Gaskell, and Daniel W. Conway, (eds.) Nietzsche, Philosophy and the Arts
Kostka, Alexandre and Ivan Wohlfarth, (eds.) Nietzsche and "An Architecture of Our Minds"
Krausz, Michael, and Richard Shusterman, (eds.) Interpretation, Relativism, and Metaphysics: Themes from the Philosophy of Joseph Margolis
Lyon, Arabella, Intentions: Negotiated, Contested, and Ignored
Rosen, Charles, Romantic Poets, Critics, and Other Madmen
McClary, Susan, Conventional Wisdom: The Content of Musical Form
Thom, Paul, Making Sense: A Theory of Interpretation     

Advances in graphonomics: studies on fine motor control, its development and disorders

During the past 20 years graphonomic research has become a major contributor to the understanding of human movement science. Graphonomic research investigates the relationship between the planning and generation of fine motor tasks, in particular, handwriting and drawing. Scientists in this field are at the forefront of using new paradigms to investigate human movement. The 16 articles in this special issue of Human Movement Science show that the field of graphonomics makes an important contribution to the understanding of fine motor control, motor development, and movement disorders. Topics discussed include writer's cramp, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, drug-induced parkinsonism, dopamine depletion, dysgraphia, motor development, developmental coordination disorder, caffeine, alertness, arousal, sleep deprivation, visual feedback transformation and suppression, eye-hand coordination, pen grip, pen pressure, movement fluency, bimanual interference, dominant versus non-dominant hand, tracing, freehand drawing, spiral drawing, reading, typewriting, and automatic segmentation.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Dennis Des Chene, Life's Form: Late Aristotelian Conceptions of the Soul
Anthony Savile, Leibniz and the Monadology
Peter A. Schouls, Descartes and the Possibility of Science
Robert Pippin, Henry James and Modern Moral Life
Paul Gorner, Twentieth Century German Philosophy
George Pattison, The Later Heidegger
Colin McGinn, Logical Properties: Identity, Existence, Predication, Necessity, Truth
Jeremy Butterfield, The Arguments of Time
John F. Horty, Agency and Deontic Logic
Brad Hooker and Margaret Little, Moral Particularism
Thomas Hurka, Virtue, Vice and Value
Michael Slote, Morals from Motives
Brad Hooker, Ideal Code, Real World: a Rule-Consequentialist Theory of Morality
Edward Stein, The Mismeasure of Desire: the Science, Theory, and Ethics of Sexual Orientation
Allen Buchanan, Dan W. Brock, Norman Daniels and Daniel Wikler, From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice
Marcia Muelder Eaton, Merit, Aesthetic and Ethical     

REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: The Path of Biblical Theology. By Wilfrid Harrington . Pp. 438, Dublin, Gill and Macmillan, 1973, £4.75. Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary of the Old Testament. Edited by Georg Fohrer , translated by W. Johnstone . Pp. 332, London, SCM Press, 1973, £3.50. The Text of the Septuagint: its Corruptions and their Emendation. By Peter Walters (formerly Katz ), edited by D. W. Gooding . Pp. xx, 419, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £12.00. Israel in Egypt. By Siegfried Herrmann . Pp. 98, London, SCM Press, 1973, £2.00. The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus. By Raymond E. Brown . Pp. viii, 136, London-Dublin, Geoffrey Chapman, 1973, £1.00. The Work and Words of Jesus. By A. M. Hunter . Pp. 230, London, SCM Press, Revised Edition, 1973, £l.25. Jesus on Trial. By Gerard S. Sloyan , edited by John Reumann . Pp. xix, 156, Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1973, $3.75. Pilato. By Francesco Spadafora . Pp. 215, Rovigo, Istituto Padano di Arti Grafiche, 1973, no price given. An Die Römer. By Ernst Kausemann . Pp. xv, 407 (Handbuch zum Neuen Testament 8a), Tübingen, Mohr, 1973, DM 39. Ethics and the New Testament. By J. L. Houlden . Pp. ix, 134, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1973, £0.35. Commands of Christ: Authority and Implications. By Paul S. Minear . Pp. 190, Edinburgh, The Saint Andrew Press, 1973, £2.00. The Love Command in the New Testament. By Victor Paul Furnish . Pp. 240, London, SCM Press, 1973, £3.25. Religion and Morality. Edited by Gene Outka and John P. Reeder . Pp. viii, 448, New York, Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1973, $4.95. Ethics Without God. By Kai Nielsen . Pp. 103, London, Pemberton Publishing Company, 1973, £1.40. Value and Reality: The Philosphical Case for Theism. By A. C. Ewing . Pp. 292, London, George Allen and Unwin, 1973, £5.50. The Self and Immortality. By H. D. Lewis . Pp. viii, 228, London, Macmillan, 1973, £3.95 Life, Death and Psychical Research. Edited by J. D. Pearce -Higgins and G. Stanley Whitby . Pp. 272, London, Rider and Company, 1973, £1.95. Philosophy of God, and Theology. By Bernard Lonergan . Pp. xi, 74, London, Darton, Longman and Todd, 1973, £l.70. Introducing the Thought of Bernard Lonergan: Three Papers from ‘Collection’. Introduction by Philip Mc Shane . Pp. 61, London, Darton, Longman and Todd, 1973, £0.80. The Science of Religion and the Sociology of Knowledge. By Ninian Smart . Pp. vii, 164, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1973, £4.10. Knowledge, Education and Social Change. Edited by Richard Brown . Pp. xii, 410 (Explorations in Sociology), London, Tavistock Publications, 1973. Cause and Meaning in the Social Sciences. By Ernest Gellner , edited by I. C. Jarvie and J. Agassi . Pp. xi, 282, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973, £3.25. Social Interaction. By Michael Argyle . Pp. 504, London, Tavistock Publications, 1973, £1.70. Natural Symbols. Explorations in Cosmology. By Mary Douglas . Pp. 219, London, Barrie and Jenkins, 1973, £2.50. Johannes von Apamea. By Werner Strothmann . Two fascicles in one case, pp. xiv, 210 and viii, 220 (Patristische Texte und Studien, 11), Berlin-New York, Walter de Gruyter, 1972, 98 DM. Sanctity and Secularity: The Church and the World. Edited by Derek Baker . Pp. xiii, 224 (Studies in Church History, 10), Oxford, Blackwell (for the Ecclesiastical History Society), 1973, £5.00. Durham Cathedral Priory: 1400–1450. By R. B. Dobson . Pp. xiii, 428 (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Third Series 6), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £7.20. The Monastic World 1000–1300. By Christopher Brooke with photographs by Wim Swaan . Pp. 272, London, Paul Elek, 1974, £15.00. Popery and Politics in England 1660–1688. By John Miller . Pp. xiii, 288, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £4.90. Puritanism in America: New Culture in a New World. By Larzer Ziff . Pp. xiv, 338, London, Oxford University Press, New York, Viking Press, 1973, £3.25. The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman. Volumes XXIII and XXIV.Edited by Charles Stephen Dessain and Thomas Gornall . Pp. xvii, 435 and xvii, 426, Oxford, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1973, £9.00 per volume. David Friedrich Strauss and his Theology. By Horton Harris . Pp. xv, 301, London, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £5.20. The Mission of the Church. By Edward Schillebeeckx , translated by N. D. Smith . Pp. x, 244, London, Sheed and Ward, 1973, £5.00. Approches sans Entraves. By Jacques Maritain . Pp. xxvii, 595, Paris, Fayard, 1973, 50F. Théologies de la Libération en Amérique Latin. Pp. 133, Paris, Beauchesne, 1974, 21F. A Theology of Liberation. By Gustavo Gutierrez . Pp. xii, 323, London, SCM Press, 1974, £2.10. Seeds of Liberation. Edited by Alistair Kee . Pp. viii, 120, London, SCM Press, 1973, £0.75.     

Testing response-stimulus equivalence relations using differential responses as a sample

This study tested the notion that an equivalence relation may include a response when differential responses are paired with stimuli presented during training. Eight normal adults learned three kinds of computer mouse movements as differential response topographies (R1, R2, and R3). Next, in matching-to-sample training, one of the response topographies was used to select a comparison stimulus B (B1, B2, or B3) conditionally upon presentation of sample stimulus A (A1, A2, or A3), and to select stimulus D (D1, D2, or D3) conditionally upon presentation of stimulus C (C1, C2, or C3). After two sample-comparison-response relations (ABR and CDR) were established, 18 sample-comparison relations were tested (BA, DC, RA, RB, RC, RD, AC, CA, AD, DA, BC, CB, BD, DB, AA, BB, CC, and DD). In the RA, RB, RC, and RD tests, the differential responses (R1, R2, and R3) were used as sample stimuli. All subjects made class-consistent comparison selections in the tests. This study provides evidence that responses may become members of an equivalence class.     

Introducing the Special Section on Openness to Experience: Review of Openness Taxonomies,Measurement, and Nomological Net

In this introduction to the Special Section on Openness to Experience, we review the historical background of the construct and its measurement. We also provide a meta-analytically based review of its broader nomological net. Specifically, we review relationships with other individual differences constructs, including personality traits, interests, and cognitive ability. We highlight the various roles that openness and intellect play in educational performance, occupational attitudes and behaviors, job performance, career success, and psychological health and well-being. In doing so, we emphasize the unique contributions of the articles published in this special section (Albrecht, Dilchert, Deller, & Paulus; Connelly, Ones, Davies, & Birkland; DeYoung, Quilty, Peterson, & Gray; Roets, Cornelis, & Van Hiel; Woo, Chernyshenko, Longley, Zhang, Chiu, & Stark; Woo, Chernyshenko, Stark, & Conz). Finally, we note fruitful venues for future research involving Openness constructs.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Graham, Priest, Logic: a Very Short Introduction
Julia, Annas, Ancient Philosophy: a Very Short Introduction
J.A., Cover and John, O'Leary-Hawthorne, Substance and Individuation in Leibniz
Eckart, Förster, Kant's Final Synthesis
Robert B., Louden, Kant's Impure Ethics: from Rational Beings to Human Beings
Jerry, Fodor, The Mind Doesn't Work That Way: the Scope and Limits of Computational Psychology
John, Foster, The Nature of Perception
Michael, McGhee, Transformations of Mind: Philosophy as Spiritual Practice
Jamie, Mayerfeld, Suffering and Moral Responsibility
Jon, Elster, Ulysses Unbound
G.A., Cohen, If You're an Egalitarian, How Come You're So Rich?
A., Ripstein, Equality, Responsibility and the Law     

Books

Abstract

Carl Murchison [Ed.] A History of Psychology in Autobiography, Volume I. (By James Mark Baldwin, Mary Whiton Calkins, Edouard Claparède, Raymond Dodge, Pierre Janet, Joseph Jastrow, F. Kiesow, William McDougall, Carl Emil Seashore, C. Spearman, William Stern, Carl Stumpf, Howard C. Warren, Theodor Ziehen, and H. Zwaardemaker.) Worcester, Mass.: Clark Univ. Press; London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1930. Pp. xvii+516. Reviewed by R. M. Ogden.

Carl Murchison [Ed.] Psychologies of 1930. (By Alfred Adler, Madison Bentley, Edwin G. Boring, G. S. Brett, Harvey Carr, John Dewey, Knight Dunlap, J. C. Flugel, Walter S. Hunter, Pierre Janet, Truman L. Kelley, K. Koffka, Wolfgang Köhler, K. N. Kornilov, William McDougall, John Paul Nafe, I. P. Pavlov, Friedrich Sander, A. L. Schniermann, C. Spearman, Leonard T. Troland, Margaret F. Washburn, Albert P. Weiss, and Robert S. Woodworth.) Worcester, Mass.: Clark Univ. Press; London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1930. Pp. xix+497. Reviewed by R. M. Ogden.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book review in this Article: P. Christopher Earley and Miriam Erez. The Transplanted Executive. Leslie A. Perlow. Finding Time: How Corporations, Individuals, and Families Can Benefit from New Work Practices. Ithaca, NY: ILR Reviewed by Céleste M. Brotheridge, Ph.D. Student, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Edward P. Lazear. Personnel Economics for Managers. Reviewed by Wayne F. Cascio, Professor of Management, Graduate School of Business, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO. Dennis A. Davis. Threats Pending, Fuses Burning: Managing Workplace Violence. Reviewed by Lynne M. Andersson, Assistant Professor, Erivan K. Haub School of Business, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA. David W. Bracken, Maxine A. Dalton, Robert A. Jako, Cynthia D. McCauley, and Victoria Pollman. Should 360-Degree Feedback be Used Only for Developmental Purposes? Reviewed by Anthony T. Dalessio, Senior Specialist, Bell Atlantic Corporation, New York, NY. Mats Alvesson and Yvonne Due Billing. Understanding Gender and Organizations. Reviewed by Gary W. Yunker, Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, and Barbara D. Yunker, Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Resources, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL. P. Christopher Earley. Face, Harmony, and Social Structure: An Analysis of Organizational Behavior across Cultures. Reviewed by Jone L. Pearce, Professor, Graduate School of Management, University of California, Irvine, CA. Clair Brown, Yoshifumi Nakata, Michael Reich, and Lloyd Ull-man. Work and Pay in the United States and Japan. Reviewed by Edilberto F. Montemayor, Associate Professor, School of Labor and Industrial Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Hope Landrine and Elizabeth A. Klonoff. Discrimination Against Women: Prevalence, Consequences, Remedies. Reviewed by Mary R. Watson, Assistant Professor of Human Resources, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. Adrian Furnham. The Psychology of Behavior at Work. Wayne F. Cascio. Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits (5th edition). Reviewed by Anthony F. Buono, Professor of Management, Bentley College, Waltham, MA. Robert B. Lawson and Zheng Shen. Organizational Psychology: Foundations and Applications. Reviewed by John R. Ogilvie, Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Management, Barney School of Business, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT Deborah L. Whetzel and George R. Wheaton (Editors). Applied Measurement Methods in Industrial Psychology. Reviewed by Malcolm James Ree, Associate Professor, Our Lady of the Lake University, Center for Leadership Studies, San Antonio, TX. Robert D. Gatewood and Hubert S. Feild. Human Resource Selection (4th ed.). Reviewed by Kathie L. Pelletier, Graduate Student, and Janet L. Kottke, Professor and Director, Industrial-Organizational Psychology Graduate Program, California State University, San Bernardino, CA. Milton D. Hakel (Editor). Beyond Multiple Choice: Evaluating Alternatives to Traditional Testing for Selection. Reviewed by Paul E. Spector, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. David T Lykken. A Tremor in the Blood: Uses and Abuses of the Lie Detector. Reviewed by Theodore L. Hayes, Senior Research Analyst, The Gallup Organization, Lincoln, NE. Jeffrey A. Berman. Competence-Based Employment Interviewing. Reviewed by David W. Denton, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. Pierre Mornell. 45 Effective Ways for Hiring Smart: How to Predict Winners and Losers in the Incredibly Expensive People-Reading Game. Reviewed by Jay C. Thomas, Associate Professor, Pacific University, Portland, OR. Richard Beckhard. Agent of Change: My Life, My Practice. Albert A. Vicere and Robert M. Fulmer. Leadership by Design. Susan Albers Mohrman, Jay R. Galbraith, Edward E. Lawler III, and Associates. Tomorrow's Organization: Crafting Winning Capabilities in a Dynamic World. Reviewed by Victoria Buenger, Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. Susan Albers Mohrman and Allan M. Mohrman, Jr. Designing and Leading Team-Based Organizations: A Workbook for Organizational Self-Design. Reviewed by Christopher A. Hall, University of Missouri, and Michael M. Beyerlein, University of North Texas. Bill Bamberger and Cathy N. Davidson. Closing: The Life and Death of an American Factory. Reviewed by Lynn Summers, Mediappraise Corporation, Raleigh, NC.     

REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: Benito Arias Montano (1572-1598) By B. Rekers . Pp. xi, 199 (Studies of the Warburg Institute 33), London, Warburg Institute; Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1972, £5.00 Edmund of Abingdon's ‘Speculum Religiosorum’ and ‘Speculum Ecclesie’. Edited by Helen P. Forshaw . Pp. vii, 125 (Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi 3), London Oxford University Press, 1973, £5.00. English Schools in the Middle Ages. By Nicholas Orme . Pp. xiv, 370, London, Methuen, 1973, £7.25. Heresy and Obedience in Tridentine Italy: Cardinal Pole and the Counter-Reformation. By Dermot Fenlon . Pp. xiii, 300, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1972, £5.80. The Churches Militant: The War of 1812 and American Religion. By William Gribbin . Pp. viii, 210, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1973, £3.75. English Roman Catholics and Higher Education 1830-1903. By Vincent Alan Mc Clelland . Pp. x, 453, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973, £7.00. Lord Acton on Papal Power. By H. A. Mac Dougall . Pp. ix, 241, London, Sheed & Ward, 1973, £4.00. The English Bishops and the First Vatican Council., By Frederick J. Cwiekowski . Pp. xxvii, 341, (Bibliothèque de la Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique 52) Louvain, Publications Universitaires de Louvain, 1971, 500 Belg. Frs. Genesis 1-11. By R. Davidson . Pp. x, 118, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £1.90. The Book of the Prophet Isaiah, 1-39. By A. S. Herbert . Pp. xiii, 219, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £3.50. The First and Second Books of the Maccabees. By John R. Bartlett . Pp. xiv, 358, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £5.20. Deuteronomy. By A. Phillips . Pp. xiv, 237, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £3.80 (hardback), £1.50 (paperback). The Wisdom of Solomon. By E. G. Clarke Pp. xii, 136, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £2.20 (hardback), £1.10 (paperback). I and II chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah. By P. R. Ackroyd . Pp. 320 (Torch Bible Commentaries), London, SCM Press, 1973, £1.40. La Verdad Os Hará Libres: Jn 8, 32. By José O. Tunñi Vancells . Pp. 230, Barcelona, Herder, 1973, no price given. Martyria. Traditionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zum Zeugnisthema bei Johannes. By Johannes Beutler , S. J. Pp. 398 (Frankfurter theologische Studien 10), Frankfurt, Josef Knecht, 1972, 48 DM. The Use of the Old Testament in the New and Other Essays. Edited by James M. Efird . Pp. xv, 332, Durham, N. C., Duke University Press, 1972, $14.75. Pre-Existence, Wisdom and the Son of Man: A Study of the Idea of Pre-Existence in the New Testament. By R. G. Hamerton -Kelly . Pp. xii, 310, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £7.90. The Easter Jesus. By Gerald O'Collins . Pp. xiv, 142, London, Darton, Longman And Todd, 1973, £1.50. Four Martyrdoms from the Pierpoint Morgan Coptic Codices. Edited by E. A. E. Reymond and J. W. Barns . Pp. xii, 278, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973, £7.50. Studies in the History of Philosophy and Religion. Volume I. By Harry Austryn Wolfson , edited by Isadore Twersky and George H. Williams . Pp. xvii, 626, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1973, £8.00. Complete Prose Works of John Milton, Volume 6: Christian Doctorine. Edited with an introduction by Maurice Kelley , translated by John Carey . Pp. xxiv, 863 Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1973, £10.50. Gerard Manley Hopkins and the Victorian Temper. By Alison G. Sulloway . Pp. xiv, 245, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972, £3.75. Kierkegaard: A Biographical Introduction. By Ronald Grimsley . Pp. 127 (Leaders of Modern Thought), London, Studio Vista, 1973, £0.95. Ludwig Wittgenstein: Letters to C. K. Ogden. Edited by G. H. von Wright . Pp. ix, 90, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, and London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973, £2.00. The Central Questions of Philosophy. By A. J. Ayer . Pp. 243, London, Nicolson, 1973, £3.50. Elements of Analytic Philosophy. By Arthur Pap . Pp. xvi, 542, New York, Hafner Publishing Company, 1972, £6.20. An Introduction to Confirmation Theory. By Richard Swinburne . Pp. 218, London, Methuen, 1973, £3.90. Models for Divine Activity. By Ian T. Ramsey . Pp. 78, London, SCM Press, 1973, £1.95. Ian Ramsey, Bishop of Durham—a Memoir. By David L. Edwards . Pp. 101, London, Oxford University Press, 1973, £2.00. Change in Focus: A Study of Doctorinal Change and Continuity. By Nicholas Lash . Pp. ix, 198 (Library of Contemporary Theology), London, Sheed and Ward, 1973, £3.00. Basic Questions in Theology (Volume Three). By Wolfhart Pannenberg . Pp. ix, 213, London, SCM Press, 1973, £3.75. Wolfhart Pannenberg. By Allan D. Galloway . Pp. 143 (Contemporary Religious Thinkers Series), London, George Allen and Unwin, 1973, £3.25. Das Wesen Des Christentums. Eine bergriffsgeschichtliche Untersuchung. By Hans Wagenhammer . Pp. 262 (Tübinger theologische Studien 2), Mainz, Matthias Grünewald Verlag, 1973, 38 DM. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Edited by F. L. Cross , second edition by F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone . Pp. xxxi, 1518, London, Oxford University Press, 1974, £13.50.     

Suggested behavioral interventions in the classroom to assist students prenatally exposed to drugs

The population of children exposed prenatally to alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine, and other legal or illegal substances has been rapidly growing in America. The known characteristics of this group include deficits in rule-governed behavior, impulsivity, attention to task, language, sleep attachment, learning, social competence, coordination, hypersensitivity to environmental stimuli, and conduct problems. The purpose of this paper was to describe the characteristics of this population and match known, empirically demonstrated, data-based strategies, such as teacher attention and praise, token reinforcement programs, daily report cards, contingency contracting, self-instructional training, self-management, peer tutoring, Direct Instruction, and combining behavior therapy with stimulant medication therapy, to specific academic and social deficits in children with parental histories of substance abuse. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BOOK REVIEWS

John Henry Newman: A Biography. By Ian Ker. Pp.xiii, 762, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988, £48.00. Cassirer: Symbolic Forms and History. By John Michael Krois. Pp.xvii, 262, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1987, £29.95. Gadamer: Hermeneutics, Tradition and Reason. By Georgia Warnke. Pp.xii, 206, Oxford, Polity Press, 1987, £7.95. Licensed Insanities: Religions and Belief in God in the Contemporary World. By John Bowker. Pp.ix, 164, Darton Longman and Todd, 1987, £8.95. The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development and Significance. By Bruce M. Metzger. Pp.x, 326, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987, £30.00. The Gnostic Scriptures: A New Translation with Annotations and Introductions. By Bentley Layton. Pp.xlii, 526, London, SCM Press, 1987, £25.00. Women and Early Christianity: Are the Feminist Scholars Right? By Susanne Heine. Pp.vi, 182, London, SCM Press, 1987, £6.95. Eunomius, The Extant Works (Oxford Early Christian Texts). Text and translation by Richard Paul Vaggione. Pp.xvii, 209, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987, £30. The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Power and Deviance in Western Europe, 950–1250. By R.I. Moore. Pp.viii, 168, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1987, £19.50. Charity and Community in Medieval Cambridge (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought 4). By Miri Rubin. Pp.xiv, 365, Cambridge University Press, 1987, £30. Representatives of the Lower Clergy in Parliament, 1295–1340 (Royal Historical Society. Studies in History 50). By Jeffrey H. Denton and John P. Dooley. Pp.142, Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 1987, £25.00. From Ockham to Wyclif (Studies in Church History Subsidia 5). Edited by Anne Hudson and Michael Wilks. Pp.xv, 486, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1987, £35.00 Literary and Educational Writings (Collected Works of Erasmus 27 and 28). Edited by A.H.T. Levi. Pp.xxx, 638, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1986, £65.00. Paraphrase on Mark (Collected Works of Erasmus 49). Edited by Erika Rummel. Pp.xiv, 235, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1988, £28.00 The Dawn of the Reformation. Essays in Late Medieval and Early Reformation Thought. By Heiko A. Oberman. Pp.x, 309, Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, 1987. £14.95. The Intellectual Origins of the European Reformation. By Alister McGrath. Pp.viii.223, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1987, £25.00. The English Reformation Revised. Edited by Christopher Haigh. Pp.x, 229, Cambridge University Press, 1987, £8.95. Das Papstamt im Disput zwischen Lutheranern und Katholiken: Schwerpunkte von der Reformation bis zur Geganwart (Innsbrucker Theologische Studien 20). By Wolfgang Klausnitzer. Pp.586, Innsbruck, Tyrolia Verlag, 1987, DM 112. The Chronicle of the Hutterian Brethren. Volume I. Translated and edited by the Hutterian Brethren. Pp.ixxv, 887, Rifton (N.Y.), Plough Publishing House, 1987, no price given. Cardinal de La Rochefoucauld: Leadership and Reform in the French Church. By Joseph Bergin. Pp.viii, 302, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1987, £25.00 A Guide for Preachers on Composing and Delivering Sermons. The ‘Or ha-Darshanim’ of Jacob Zahalon. A Seventeenth-Century Italian Preacher's Manual (Moreshet Series, Studies in Jewish History, Literature and Thought XI). By Henry Adler Sosland. Pp.xiv, 194, 54*, New York, The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1987, $20.00. Jewish-Christian Relations in the Seventeenth Century. Studies and Documents (International Archives of the History of Ideas 119). Edited by J. van den Berg and Ernestine G.E. van der Wall. Pp.ix, 210, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988, £46.95. The Life of James Sharp, Archbishop of St Andrews, 1618–1679: A Political Biography. By Julia Buckroyd. Pp.ix, 150, Edinburgh, John Donald, 1987, £18.00 Joachim of Fiore and the Myth of the Eternal Evangel in the Nineteenth Century. By Marjorie Reeves and Warwick Gould. Pp.x, 365, Oxford University Press, 1987, £35.00 Religion in England, 1688–1791 (Oxford History of the Christian Church). By Ernest Gordon Rupp. Pp.xiii, 584, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986, £45.00. Liberal Anglican Politics: Whiggery, Religion and Reform, 1830–1841. By Richard Brent. Pp.xii, 340, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987, £32.50. The Victorian Christian Socialists. By Edward Norman, Pp.201, Cambridge University Press, 1987, £17.50 Tradition Renewed: The Oxford Movement Conference Papers. Edited by Geoffrey Rowell. Pp.xvi, 237. London, Darton, Longman and Todd, 1986, £12.95. A Circle of Friends: The Tennysons and the Lushingtons of Park House. By John O. Waller. Pp.xvi, 290, Columbus, Ohio State University Press, 1986, $29.50. Democracy and Religion: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge Studies in the History and Theory of Politics). By J.P. Parry. Pp.xiii, 504, Cambridge University Press, 1986, £37.50. The Household of Faith: Roman Catholic Devotions in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America (Notre Dame Studies in American Catholicism). By Ann Taves. Pp.x, 197, Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press, 1986, $17.95. The American Catholic Parish: A History from 1850 to the Present. Edited by Jay P. Dolan. 2 vols. Mahwah, New Jersey, Paulist Press, 1987, $24.95 each. Amigo.-Friend of the Poor, Bishop of Southwark, 1904–1949. By Michael Clifton. Pp.236, Leominster, Fowler Wright, 1987, £9.95. American Catholic Religious Thought: The Shaping of a Theological and Social Tradition. Edited by Patrick W. Carey. Pp.iv, 302, New York, Paulist Press, 1987. $10.95 Altered Landscapes: Christianity in America, 1935–1985: Essays in Honor of Robert T, Handy. Edited by David W. Lotz, Donald Shriver and John F. Wilson. Pp.xi, 387, Grand Rapids, W.B. Eerdmans, 1989, $27.50/$17.95. Doctrines of Religious Communities. A Philosophical Study. By William A. Christian, Sr. Pp.vii, 234, New Haven & London, Yale University Press, 1987, £22.50. Continental Philosophy and Modern Theology. By David Brown. Pp.xii, 250, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1987, £27.00. The Structure of Emotions. By Robert M. Gordon. Pp.xiv, 161, Cambridge University Press, 1987, £22.50. Philosophical Perspectives on Developmental Psychology. Edited by James Russell. Pp.ix, 262, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1987, £27.50. A Prospectus for the Triumph of Realism. By Thomas A. Russman. Pp.viii, 157, Macon GA, Mercer University Press, 1987, $24.95. Listening to the Cicadas: A Study of Plato's ‘Phaedrus’ (Cambridge Classical Studies). By G.R.F. Ferrari. Pp.xii, 293, Cambridge University Press, 1987, £22.50. Studies in Medieval Philosophy (Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy 17). Edited by John F. Wippel. Pp.viii, 302, Washington DC, Catholic University of America Press, 1987, $36.95. Thomas Buckingham and the Contingency of Futures (University of Notre Dame, The Medieval Institute Publications in Medieval Studies 25). By Bartholomew R. De la Torre. Pp.xii, 394, University of Notre Dame Press, 1987, £35.95. Montesquieu (Past Masters). By Judith N. Shklar. Pp.vii, 136, Oxford University Press, 1987, £11.95/£3.50.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed:
Greenwood, Susan, Magic, Witchraft and the Otherworld: An Anthropology
Prothero, Stephen, Purified by Fire: A History of Cremation in America
Hervieu-Léger, Danièle, Religion as a Chain of Memory
Skotnicki, Andrew, Religion and the Development of the American Penal System
Baggett, Jerome P., Habitat for Humanity: Building Private Homes, Building Public Religion
Warner, Carolyn M., Confessions of an Interest Group: The Catholic Church and Political Parties in Europe
Burdick, John and Hewitt, W. E., The Church at the Grassroots in Latin America: Perspectives on Thirty Years of Activism
Shipps, Jan, Sojourner in the Promised Land: Forty Years Among the Mormons
Zuckerman, Phil, Du Bois on Religion
Stout, Daniel A. and Buddenbaum, Judith M., Religion and Popular Culture: Studies on the Interaction of World-views
Mazur, Eric Michael, The Americanization of Religious Minorities: Confronting the Constitutional Order
Sklar, Deidre, Dancing with the Virgin: Body and Faith in the Fiesta of Tortugas, New Mexico
Eisenstadt, S. N., Fundamentalism, Sectarianism, and Revolution: The Jacobin Dimension of Modernity
Koenig, Harold G., McCullough, Michael E. and Larson, David B., Handbook of Religion and Health
Eskridge, Larry and Noll, Mark A., More Money, More Ministry: Money and Evangelicals in Recent North American History     

REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: The Origin of Christology. By C.F.D. Moule. Pp.x, 187, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1977, £7.50. The Myth of God Incarnate. Edited by John Hick. Pp.xi, 211, London, SCM Press, 1977, £2.95. A Marxist Looks at Jesus. By Milan Machove£. Pp.231, London, Darton, Longman & Todd, 1976, £2.95. Models of the Church. By Avery Dulles, S.J. Pp.216, Dublin, Gill and Macmillan, 1976, £2.95. Voices of Authority. By Nicholas Lash. Pp.viii, 119, London, Sheed and Ward, 1976, £2.50. Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future. By Marjorie Reeves. Pp.212, London, SPCK, 1976, £3.95. Charism and Sacrament. By Donald L. Gelpi, SJ. Pp.258, London, SPCK, 1977, £3.95. New Heaven? New Earth? An Encounter with Pentecostalism. By Simon Tugwell [and others]. Pp.206, London, Darton, Longman and Todd, 1976, £2.25. Psychology of Religion. By Heije Faber. Pp.ix, 338, London, SCM Press, 1976, £6.50. The Courage to Create. By Rollo May. Pp.142, London, Collins, 1976, £2.95. Power and Innocence. By Rollo May. Pp.283, London, Collins/Fontana, 1976, £1.25. Freedom and Value. Edited by Robert O.Johann. Pp.ix, 186, New York, Fordham University Press, 1976, $12.50 (hardback), $5 (paperback). Freedom and Resentment and Other Essays. By P.F. Strawson. Pp.207, London, Methuen, 1974, £3.20 (paperback £2.95). Church, Society and Politics. Edited by Derek Baker. Pp.xv, 440 (Studies in Church History 12), Oxford, Blackwell, for the Ecclesiastical History Society, 1975, £10.00. Essays on Politics and Society. Edited by J.M. Robson. Pp.xcv, 780 (Collected works of John Stuart Mill, 18 and 19), London, Routledge and Keegan Paul, 1977, £40.00 (for set of 2 vols.). Antonio de Guevara (1480–1545) et l'Espagne de son temps. De la carrière officielle aux oeuvres politico-morales. By Augustin Redondo. Pp.883 (Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance CXLVIII), Geneva, Librairie Droz, 1976, 120 Swiss francs. Religious Controversies of the Elizabethan Age: A Survey of the Printed Sources. By Peter Milward. Pp.xv, 202, London, The Scolar Press, 1977, £12.00. Priest and Parish in Eighteenth Century France. By Timothy Tackett. Pp.350. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1977, £14.60. Kingship and the Psalms. By John H. Eaton. Pp.ix, 227 (Studies in Biblical Theology, Second Series, 32), London, SCM Press, 1976, £5.00. Lectionarium Gruuthusianum/Het Lectionarium van Gruuthuse. Edited by C.C. de Bruin. Pp.x, 252, with 2 plates (CSSN, Series Minor, II, 2), Leiden, Brill, 1973, F1. 56.00. Epistolarium Leningradiense/Het Epistolarium van Leningrad. Edited by C.C. de Bruin. Pp.viii, 105, with 3 plates (CSSN, Series Minor, III, 1), Leiden, Brill, 1974, F1. 36. Psalterium Leningradiense/Het Psalter van Leningrad. Edited by J.G. Heymans. Pp.xvi, 151, with 3 plates (CSSN, Series Minor, V, 1), Leiden, Brill, 1973, Fl. 36. Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie. Edited by Wolfgang Braunfels. Vol.8, Ikonographie der Heiligen, Meletius to Vierzig Märtyrer and Register. Pp.322 (numbered by columns, 1–644) and 21 (Index), with 288 illustrations. Rome—Freiburg—Basel—Vienna, Herder, 1976, DM 168.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Story, Text and Scripture: Literary Interests in Biblical Narrative. By Wesley A. Kort, Pp.xii, 159, University Park, The Pennsylvania University Press, 1988, £20.00 A Manual of Hebrew Poetics (Subsidia Biblica 11). By Luis Alonso Schökel. Pp.xi, 228, Rome, Biblical Institute, 1988, L.24,500. History and Ideology in Ancient Israel. By Giovanni Garbini. Pp.xvi, 222, London, SCM Press, 1988, £10.50. The Tradition that You Received from Us: 2 Thessalonians in the Pauline Tradition (Hermeneutische Untersuchungen zur Theologie 24). By Glenn S. Holland. Pp.vii, 174, Tübingen, J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1988, 98 DM. Paul and his Converts (The Sprunt Lectures 1985). By Ernest Best. Pp.xiv, 177, Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, 1988, £11.95. Christ and the Cynics: Jesus and Other Radical Preachers in First-Century Tradition (JSOT Manuals 4). By F. Gerald Downing. Pp.xiii, 232, Sheffield, JSOT Press, 1988, no price given. Human Agents of Cosmic Power in Hellenistic Judaism and the Synoptic Tradition (Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series 41). By Mary E. Mills. Pp.184, Sheffield, JSOT Press, 1990, £25.00 Scripture, Tradition and Reason: A Study in the Criteria of Christian Doctrine: Essays in Honour of Richard P.C. Hanson. Edited by Richard Bauckham and Benjamin Drewery. Pp.viii, 297, Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, 1988, £14.95. Biblical Theology and the Spiritual Exercises: A Method toward a Personal Experience of God as Accomplishing within us His Plan of Salvation (Modern Scholarly Studies about the Jesuits, in English Translations 7). By Gilles Cusson, S. J. Pp.xv, 385, St Louis (Mo), The Institute of Jesuit Sources 1988, $24.00/$19.50. Easter in Ordinary. By Nicholas Lash. Pp.viii, 311, London, SCM Press, 1988, £12.95. Church, Ecumenism and Politics. By Joseph Ratzinger. Pp. vii, 278. Slough, St Paul Publications, 1988, £9.95. The Theology of Joseph Ratzinger: An Introductory Study. By Aidan Nichols. Pp. vii, 338, Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, 1988, £9.95. Charisma and Community: A Study of Religious Commitment within the Charismatic Renewal (New Observations). By Mary Jo Neitz. Pp. xxi, 294, New Brunswick NJ, Transaction Books, 1987, £24.50. The Living Christ: ‘In Christ’ through Scripture and Liturgy. By J.D. Crichton. Pp.ix, 133, London, Collins, 1988, £2.50. The Liturgical Meaning of Holy Week. Jerusalem Revisited. By Kenneth Stevenson. Pp. vii, 104, Washington DC, The Pastoral Press, 1988, $6.95. The Creative Suffering of God. By Paul S. Fiddes. Pp.x, 281, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988, £29.50. God and Creation in Christian Theology. By Kathryn Tanner. Pp.vii, 196, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1988, £25.00. The Status of the Human Embryo: Perspectives from Moral Tradition. Edited by G.R. Dunstan and Mary J. Seller. Pp.119, Oxford University Press for the King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, 1988, £15.50. Health Rights and Resources: King's College Studies, 1987–8. Edited by Peter Byrne. Pp.201, London, King Edward's Hospital Fund for London/Oxford University Press, 1988, £16.95. Doctors' Decisions: Ethical Conflicts in Medical Practice. Edited by G.R. Dunstan and E.A. Shinebourne. Pp.x, 248, Oxford University Press, 1989, £22.50. The Limits of Love: Some Theological Explorations. By Gilbert Meilaender. Pp.156, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1988, $17.50. Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Edmund Leites. Pp.ix, 269, Cambridge University Press, 1988, £27.50 ($39.50). The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning. By Albert R. Jonsen and Stephen Toulmin. Pp.ix, 420, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, $45.00. Moral Conflict and Christian Religion (American University Studies, Series VII Theology and Religion, Vol.35). By Anthony J. Blasi. Pp.x, 180, New York, Peter Lang, 1988, $33.50. The Psychology of Religious Knowing. By Fraser Watts and Mark Williams. Pp.x, 169, Cambridge University Press, 1988, £19.50. The Form of Transformed Vision: Coleridge and the Knowledge of God. By James S. Cutsinger. Pp.xix, 136, Macon, Georgia, Mercer University Press, 1988, $24.95. The Philosophy of Religion, 1875–1980. By. Alan P. Sell. Pp.252, Beckenham, Croom Helm, 1988, £35.00. The Puzzle of God. By Peter Vardy. Pp.224, London, Collins, 1990, £5.95. Faith after Foundationalism. By D.Z. Phillips. Pp.xviii, 341, London, Routledge, 1988, £40.00. Weakness of Will. By William Charlton. Pp.vii, 196, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1988, £8.95. The Question of ‘Eclecticism’: Studies in Later Greek Philosophy. Edited by J.M. Dillon and A.A. Long. Pp.xv, 271, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, $32.00. Sincerity and Truth: Essays on Arnauld, Bayle and Toleration. By John Kilcullen. Pp.xii, 228, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988, £25.00. Exceedingly Nietzsche: Aspects of Contemporary Nietzsche Interpretation (Warwick Studies in Philosophy and Literature). Edited by David Farrell Krell and David Wood. Pp.xvi, 179, London, Routledge, 1988, £22.50. Wittgenstein, A Life: Young Ludwig, 1889–1921. By Brian McGuinness. Pp.xiv, 322, London, Duckworth, 1988, £15.95. Hartshorne and the Metaphysics of Animal Rights. By Daniel A. Dombrowski. Pp.ix, 159, Albany, SUNY Press, 1988, $39.50/$12.95. Early Christian Art and Architecture. By Robert Milburn. Pp.xviii, 318, Avebury, Scolar Press, 1988, £35.00. Friendship and Community, The Monastic Experience, 350–1250 (Cistercian Studies Series 95). By Brian Patrick McGuire. Pp.1,571, Kalamazoo MI, Cistercian Publications, 1988, $52.95/$19.95. Augustine (The Arguments of the Philosophers). By Christopher Kirwan. Pp.viii, 247, London, Routledge, 1989, £40.00. Agostino e la conversione cristiana (Augustiniana, Testi e Studi, I). Edited by Adriano Caprioli e Luciano Vaccaro. Pp.96, Palermo, Edizioni Augustinus, 1987, L.20,000. L 'opera letteraria di Agostino fra Cassiciacum e Milano, Agostino nelle terre di Ambrogio (Augustiniana, Testi e Studi, II). Edited by Mauro Nicolosi. Pp.221, Palermo, Edizioni Augustinus, 1987, L.32,000. Agostino a Milano: Il Battesimo, Agostino nelle terre di Ambrogio (Augustiniana, Testi e Studi, III). Edited by Mauro Nicolosi. Pp.111, Palermo, Edizioni Augustinus, 1988, L.28,000. Medieval Popular Culture: Problems of Belief and Perception (Cambridge Studies in Oral and Literate Culture 14). By Aron Gurevich. Pp.xx, 275, Cambridge University Press; Paris, Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 1988, £27.50. God Within: The Mystical Tradition of Northern Europe. By Oliver Davies. Pp.xii, 224, London, Darton, Longman and Todd, 1988, £7.95. English Wycliffite Sermons, Volume II. Edited by Pamela Gradon. Pp.xcv, 378. Oxford, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1988, £80.00. English Wycliffite Sermons, Volume II. Edited by Pamela Gradon. Pp.xcv, 378. Oxford, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1988, £80.00. Humanism, Reform and the Reformation: The Career of Bishop John Fisher. Edited by Brendan Bradshaw and Eamon Duffy. Pp.ix, 260, Cambridge University Press, 1989, £27.50. Mary Queen of Scots: A Study in Failure. By Jenny Wormald. Pp.206, London, George Philip, 1988, £14.95. Church Courts, Sex and Marriage in England, 1570–1640 (Past and Present Publications). By Martin Ingram. Pp.xiii, 412, Cambridge University Press, 1988, £35.00. The Women's Movement in the Church of England, 1850–1930. By Brian Heeney. Pp.xi, 144, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988, £19.50. Between Heaven and Charing Cross: The Life of Francis Thompson. By Brigid M. Boardman. Pp.xvii, 410, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1988, £19.95. The Catholic Missionaries and the Liturgical Movement in Nigeria: An Historical Overview, Vol. 1: The Holy Ghost Fathers and Catholic Worship among the Igbo People of Eastern Nigeria. By Donatus Emeke Onyemaobi Ogudo. Pp.xiii, 388, Paderborn, Bonifatius, 1988, DM38. C.J. Cadoux: Theologian, Scholar and Pacifist. By Elaine Kaye. Pp.xiv, 228, Edinburgh University Press, 1988, £15.00.     

Impulse-control disorders in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and resting tremor. Increasingly, Parkinson's disease has been associated with a broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms, such as olfactory loss, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, psychosis, depression, anxiety, and apathy. In addition, a minority of Parkinson's disease patients develop compulsive behaviors while receiving dopamine-replacement therapy, including medication hoarding, pathological gambling, binge eating, hyperlibidinous behavior, compulsive shopping, and punding. These behaviors may result in psychosocial impairment for patients and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. This article reviews the anatomic substrates, behavioral spectrum, associated factors, and potential treatments for dopamine-replacement therapy-related compulsions in Parkinson's disease.     

Screening of personality disorders among chinese college students by Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+

Four thousand eight hundred and eleven students were sampled from 26 universities in 21 cities of China and evaluated using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+(PDQ-4+). Results showed that male students obtained significantly higher scores than female students on paranoid, schizotypal, antisocial, narcissistic, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorder scales, and lower scores on the borderline scale. Students from rural areas scored higher than those from urban areas on the schizoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, avoidant, compulsive-obsessive, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorder scales, and lower on the paranoid and dependent scales. Singleton students obtained significantly higher scores than nonsingletons on paranoid, antisocial and dependent scales, and lower on schizoid, avoidant, compulsive-obsessive, passive-aggressive, depressive scales. Students from single-parent families scored significantly higher on the schizotypal scales; and students from foster families scored significantly higher on the antisocial, passive-aggressive, and depressive scales. Students from poor families scored significantly higher than those from average or wealthy families on schizoid, schizotyal, antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorders. The results suggest that low family income, low social status, and parental style contribute to the development of personality disorders.