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1.
R. Jo Kornegay 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2011,14(1):51-71
This essay explicates and evaluates the roles that fetal metaphysics and moral status play in Rosalind Hursthouse’s abortion
ethics. It is motivated by Hursthouse’s puzzling claim in her widely anthologized paper “Virtue Ethics and Abortion” that
fetal moral status and (by implication) its underlying metaphysics are “in a way, fundamentally irrelevant” to her position.
The essay clarifies the roles that fetal ontology and moral status do in fact play in her abortion ethics. To this end, it
presents and then develops her fetal metaphysics of the potential and actual human being, which she merely adumbrates in her
more extensive treatment of abortion ethics in her book Beginning Lives. The essay then evaluates her fetal ontology in light
of relevant research on fetal neural and psychological development. It concludes that her implied view that the late-stage
fetus is an actual human being is defensible. The essay then turns to the analysis of late-stage abortions in her paper and
argues that it is importantly incomplete. 相似文献
2.
Christopher Terndrup 《Journal of religion and health》2013,52(4):1073-1078
Despite many efforts to increase ethics education in US medical schools, barriers continue to arise that impede the production of morally driven physicians who practice medicine with ideal empathy. Research has shown that, particularly during the clinical years, medical students lose the ability both to recognize ethical dilemmas and to approach such situations with compassionate reasoning. This article summarizes the current status of ethics education in US medical schools, described through the eyes of and alongside the story of a graduating medical student. 相似文献
3.
Maureen C. McHugh 《Sex roles》2006,54(5-6):361-369
Recent attempts to medicalize women’s sexual “dysfunction” are critiqued and a “New View” of women’s sexual problems is introduced. The author argues for a female-centered perspective on women’s sexual desires and problems, based on a review of the literature on women’s sexuality and her observations of young women’s sexual experiences from 25 years of teaching Human Sexuality to undergraduate women. The review suggests that a pill or a patch cannot adequately address the sexual problems commonly experienced by US women. 相似文献
4.
5.
Manuel Bächtold 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2010,41(1):1-19
According to a common belief concerning the Mach-Boltzmann debate on atoms, the new experiments performed in microphysics
at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries confirmed Boltzmann’s atomic hypothesis and disproved Mach’s anti-atomic view.
This paper intends to show that this belief is partially unjustified. Mach’s view on atoms consists in fact of different kinds
of arguments. While the new experiments in microphysics refute indeed his scientific arguments against the atomic hypothesis, his epistemological arguments are unaffected. In this regard, Mach’s epistemological approach remains relevant for today’s discussion on the
status of the notion of atom. 相似文献
6.
LUO Songtao 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2015,10(3):444
The aim of this article is to reflect on the dialectic of the individual’s life and death in terms of Adorno’s moral philosophy, specifically through a thorough reading of his Negative Dialectics and other key works on the subject. I hold that there are two aspects of the dialectic of life within the context of Adorno’s “nonidentity”: one involves exploring the false identification, due to the reification of modern society, of the individual’s life experience with her or his death experience, while the other involves preserving the dialectical and irreducible tension between the theoretical contemplation of life and of historical conditions, as well as specific social systems. Heidegger’s ontological philosophy concerning Dasein and Kant’s categorical imperative will also be discussed in order to fully understand Adorno’s moral philosophy and his idea of nonidentity. From my point of view, Adorno’s moral philosophy is the prime motivator of his unique concept of nonidentity, and has influenced contemporary political philosophical concepts such as biopolitics (cf. G. Agamben). 相似文献
7.
LU Qiaoying 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2013,8(3):471
Courage is an important moral virtue for both Aristotle and Aquinas. For Aristotle, courage is a virtue that belongs to warriors who are ready for a noble death on the battlefield. As a Christian theologian as well as an Aristotelian expert, Aquinas aims to give this Aristotelian moral virtue a fully theological expression. This paper analyzes the differences between Aquinas’s conception of courage and Aristotle’s, as well as explores Aquinas’s transformation of Aristotelian courage through a three part process. Firstly, based on Aristotle’s paradigm of courageous warriors in battle, Aquinas extends the scope of “battle” from the military sense to a broader one. By doing so, Aquinas expands the range of application of courage. Secondly, Aquinas explicitly defines endurance as the chief act of courage based on the reason that endurance is more difficult than aggression, thereby shifting our attention from the attack aspect of courage to the endurance aspect. Finally, Aquinas defines the principal act of perfect courage as martyrdom thereby pointing to Christ, who was the perfect martyr, as the paradigm of a courageous person. The result of this transformation is a successful theological virtue of courage. 相似文献
8.
Jeffrey Kovac 《Science and engineering ethics》2013,19(2):449-460
This article considers the ethical aspects of the question: should a scientist engage in war-related research, particularly use-inspired or applied research directed at the development of the means for the better waging of war? Because scientists are simultaneously professionals, citizens of a particular country, and human beings, they are subject to conflicting moral and practical demands. There are three major philosophical views concerning the morality of war that are relevant to this discussion: realism, just war theory and pacifism. In addition, the requirements of professional codes of ethics and common morality contribute to an ethical analysis of the involvement of scientists and engineers in war-related research and technology. Because modern total warfare, which is facilitated by the work of scientists and engineers, results in the inevitable killing of innocents, it follows that most, if not all, war-related research should be considered at least as morally suspect and probably as morally prohibited. 相似文献
9.
Topoi - Rudolf Carnap’s logical pluralism is often held to be one in which corresponding connectives in different logics have different meanings. This paper presents an alternative view of... 相似文献
10.
Philosophia - In recent decades, Richard Swinburne has offered an influential view of the relationship between faith and reason. In doing so, he focused to a considerable extent on Aquinas’s... 相似文献
11.
James Harold 《Dao》2011,10(1):71-84
In this essay I argue that if Kantian and consequentialist ethical theories are vulnerable to the so-called “problem of alienation,”
a virtue ethics based on Xunzi’s ethical writings will also be vulnerable to this problem. I outline the problem of alienation,
and then show that the role of ritual (li) in Xunzi’s theory renders his view susceptible to the problem as it has been traditionally understood. I consider some replies
on Xunzi’s behalf, and also discuss whether the problem affects other Confucian and eudaimonian approaches to virtue ethics.
I close by considering some solutions to the problem and the affect that this result has on the argumentative dialectic between
the three major ethical traditions. 相似文献
12.
Naomi Cutner 《Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy》2014,13(1):37-50
This article describes the treatment of a first-time mother and her daughter. The mother’s impoverished primary relationships and the fragility of her early attachments contribute to her challenges with motherhood. Through parent-infant treatment she is gradually developing the capacity to reflect upon her experience and beginning to make discoveries about her attitudes toward herself and others. My work with Leslie has deepened my appreciation for Daniel Stern’s notion of “the motherhood constellation” and for the power of insecure attachment to destabilize the parent and consequently the parent-child relationship. During the treatment, I used the Newborn Behavioral Observations system as an adjunct to therapy to help demonstrate to this distressed new mother her infant’s competencies. Later, I also used the Adult Attachment Interview to enhance her curiosity about her own childhood, and in particular her relationship to her mother and the impact of that relationship on her own mothering. 相似文献
13.
Annette Hilt 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2015,10(1):130
To encounter a fellow-being does not mean only to see her face, to notice the color of her eyes, but to meet her eyes and to be addressed by her. Who one is irreducible to any objective property or value, and likewise cannot be comprehended through propositional statements in the manner of “talking about …” something. Rather, such comprehension demands an account of giving way to the appearance of the other as other. This account, prominently linked to E. Levinas’ “ethics as first philosophy,” has also been developed as phenomenological personalism. While Max Scheler developed his “Ethical Personalism” within his material Value Ethics, his Philosophy of Fellow-Feeling and in his late Philosophical Anthropology of human spirit, Paul Ricoeur develops his personalism through different approaches: from his early attempts on need and desire as the affective basis of our values to the perspective on the particular way we lead our lives in narratively constituting our personal identity, and finally to his concept of recognition. Reconstructing personalism as a philosophy of discovering the other person in her otherness and as a concept of social practice are the aims of this paper. 相似文献
14.
Kalle Puolakka 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):29-41
This article considers the validity and strength of Richard Rorty’s pragmatist theory of interpretation in the light of two
ethical issues related to literature and interpretation. Rorty’s theory is rejected on two grounds. First, it is argued that
his unrestrained account of interpretation is incompatible with the distinctive moral concerns that have been seen to restrict
the scope and nature of valid approaches to artworks. The second part of the paper claims that there is no indispensable relationship
between supporting Rorty’s pragmatist theory of interpretation and the important place that is attached to literature in the
liberal society outlined by him. A reading of Donald Davidson’s texts on literary language and interpretation implies that
an intentionalist theory of interpretation can accommodate those features that Rorty values in literature as well.
相似文献
Kalle PuolakkaEmail: |
15.
Evaluating Arguments Based on Toulmin’s Scheme 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Toulmin’s scheme for the layout of arguments (1958, The Uses of Argument, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) represents an influential tool for the analysis of arguments. The scheme enriches
the traditional premises-conclusion model of arguments by distinguishing additional elements, like warrant, backing and rebuttal.
The present paper contains a formal elaboration of Toulmin’s scheme, and extends it with a treatment of the formal evaluation of Toulmin-style arguments, which Toulmin did not discuss at all. Arguments are evaluated in terms of a so-called dialectical
interpretation of their assumptions. In such an interpretation, an argument’s assumptions can be evaluated as defeated, e.g.,
when there is a defeating reason against the assumption. The present work builds on recent research on defeasible argumentation
(cf. e.g. the work of Pollock, Reiter, Loui, Vreeswijk, Prakken, Hage and Dung). More specifically, the author’s work on the
dialectical logic DEFLOG and the argumentation tool ARGUMED serve as starting points. 相似文献
16.
Giovanni Battista Grandi 《Philosophia》2009,37(3):373-378
According to Daniel Flage, Berkeley thinks that all necessary truths are founded on acts of will that assign meanings to words.
After briefly commenting on the air of paradox contained in the title of Flage’s paper, and on the historical accuracy of
Berkeley’s understanding of the abstractionist tradition, I make some remarks on two points made by Flage. Firstly, I discuss
Flage’s distinction between the ontological ground of a necessary truth and our knowledge of a necessary truth. Secondly,
I discuss Flage’s attempt to show that, according to Berkeley, the resemblance relation does not constitute a necessary connection.
相似文献
Giovanni Battista GrandiEmail: |
17.
John Dewey and Bertrand Russell visited China at around the same time in 1920. Both profoundly influenced China during the
great transition period of this country. This article will focus on the differences between the two great figures that influenced
China in the 1920s. This comparison will examine the following five aspects: 1. Deweyanization vs. Russellization; 2. Dewey’s
“Populism” vs. Russell’s “Aristocraticism”; 3. Dewey’s “Syntheticalism” vs. Russell’s “Analyticalism”; 4. Dewey’s “Realism”
vs. Russell’s “Romanticism”; 5. Dewey’s “Conservatism” vs. Russell’s “Radicalism”. This examination will highlight that, although
their visit left indelible impressions among Chinese intellecturals, for the radical Marx–Leninists, any Western philosophy
and socio-political theories, including Dewey’s and Russell’s, were prejudicial, outworn, and even counterrevolutionary. Soon
“Marxi–Leninization” was gradually substituted for “Deweyanization” and “Russellization.” 相似文献
18.
19.
Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research - The paper undertakes an in-depth analysis of the early phase of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s writings in Notebooks (NB), Tractatus Logico... 相似文献
20.
Calabrese EJ 《Science and engineering ethics》2007,13(2):139-145
In a recent paper in Science and Engineering Ethics (SEE) Elliott proposed an ethics of expertise, providing its theoretical foundation along with its application in a case
study devoted to the topic of hormesis. The application is based on a commentary in the journal Nature, and it includes assertions of ethical breaches. Elliott concludes that the authors of the commentary failed to promote the
informed consent of decision makers by not providing representative information about alternative frequency estimates of hormesis
in the literature, thereby hindering the capacity of the scientific community to promote informed consent relating to chemical
regulation. This paper argues that Elliott should have incorporated due process into his system of evaluation. His argument
is also seriously deficient technically, in that it misinterprets the toxicological issues, misrepresents the scientific literature
with respect to the frequency of hormesis, and incorrectly assesses the extent to which the Nature paper revealed opposing/alternative views on hormesis. Given the seriousness of assertions of noncompliance to ethical norms,
there must be procedures to protect those whose ethics were called into question, to fairly evaluate the technical justification
for an assertion, and to enable corrections in the event of errors. If a journal is willing to publish assertions that individuals
acted in an ethically questionable way, it should be guided by a documented code of ethics and meet a standard of responsibility
far greater than normal peer-review processes for papers that do not entail such ethical judgments. 相似文献