整合人格:一种建构主义的观点

作为人格心理学的元理论,人格的建构主义目的是要整合人格心理学、社会心理学及临床心理学,整合人格中个体与群体的观点。行动者、观察者及自我观察者是人格建构的三成份,其中自我与自我意识对建构过程起关键作用。人格结构和维度取决于人格评估问题的解决,人际间的角色转换是人格建构的动力。无论就理论假设还是其方法论而言,人格的建构主义都有待进一步完善。     

准确、完整的诊断与临床决策

正确的诊断是正确的临床决策的基础,正确的诊断依赖于详细的病史、准确全面的体格检查、合理的辅助检查资料的分析及正确的临床诊断思维方法.如果其中任何一项被忽视,临床医生可能会做出错误的诊断和错误的治疗,给病人造成不必要的损害.为了避免上述情况的发生,临床医生必须在掌握全面的临床资料的基础上,加以科学的综合分析,这样才能得出正确的诊断,给病人以正确的治疗.     

准确、完整的诊断与临床决策

正确的诊断是正确的临床决策的基础,正确的诊断依赖于详细的病史、准确全面的体格检查、合理的辅助检查资料的分析及正确的临床诊断思维方法。如果其中任何一项被忽视,临床医生可能会做出错误的诊断和错误的治疗,给病人造成不必要的损害。为了避免上述情况的发生,临床医生必须在掌握全面的临床资料的基础上,加以科学的综合分析,这样才能得出正确的诊断,给病人以正确的治疗。     

环形模型:整合人格研究的一种取向

环形模型是一种用于描述具有系统有序的相关模式的一组变量的取向,它可作为研究思路、形成待检验的理论假设、分析方法、检验其他结构的法则网络系统,具有强有力的理论基础和明确的数学属性,是人格和社会心理学中一个重要的工具。人际环形模型对于人际特质结构的探讨,对人际相关心理结构的检验,以及对于人际行为的描述和预测,都有其独特的效力,是以五因素人格特质模型为代表的因素模型的一个重要互补且兼容的模型。本文就人际环形模型的理论与实践背景加以介绍,并用人际形容词量表(IAS-R)的实证数据来演示环形模型的分析和检验过程,从而对环形模型的数学属性及其分析检验方式加以阐释。最后论述了该模型对于传统人际评价的理解以及本土人格与社会心理研究的意义。     

加强医疗资源整合 发展医院优势学科

科学合理地实施医疗资源整合,是现代医院管理者要完成的重要课题。其主要形式有:成立技术协作组,设立独立专科,建立专科技术中心。医疗资源整合不是形式上的算术叠加,而是将管理理念与医院实际相结合,对医院人、财、物等进行有效地调整和组合,使其产生最大的综合效益。科学的论证、有力的政策机制和有效的管理手段是医疗资源整合成功的可靠保证。     

Predicting Psychologists' Intentions to Integrate Complementary and Alternative Therapies Into Their Practice

Drawing on an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework, we employed a cross‐sectional design study to investigate psychologists' intentions to integrate complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) into their practice via recommending CAT to clients or referring clients to CAT practitioners. Participants were registered practicing psychologists from a range of therapeutic orientations (e.g., narrative, cognitive behavioural, psychodynamic). The psychologists were either recruited by phone, following a search of the Internet, or were contacted through their place of employment (hospitals, university counselling service). Those who agreed to participate (N = 122; n = 88 females, n = 34 males) completed a questionnaire that included standard TPB items of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control, along with items measuring perceived risk, past behaviour, CAT knowledge, and gender. The outcome variables of interest were (a) intention to recommend CAT to clients and (b) intention to refer clients to CAT practitioners. Structural equation modelling revealed that the extended model was a good fit, explaining 69% (recommending CAT) and 51% (referring to CAT practitioners) of the variance in intentions. For both behaviours, direct paths from attitude and subjective norm to intentions were observed, with perceived risk and past behaviour influencing the TPB predictors of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. The findings illustrate the role that cognitive and risk factors have on psychologists' decisions to integrate CAT into their practice. Understanding psychologists' cognitions and decisions about CAT integration forms an important basis on which to consider future changes in policy or practice.     

加强医疗资源整合发展医院优势学科

科学合理地实施医疗资源整合,是现代医院管理者要完成的重要课题.其主要形式有:成立技术协作组,设立独立专科,建立专科技术中心.医疗资源整合不是形式上的算术叠加,而是将管理理念与医院实际相结合,对医院人、财、物等进行有效地调整和组合,使其产生最大的综合效益.科学的论证、有力的政策机制和有效的管理手段是医疗资源整合成功的可靠保证.     

析《文子》自然论统领下的道、气合一思想

《文子》是黄老道家的重要典籍,它在继承战国黄老学思路和资料的基础上,改造了老庄道家的宇宙观。将“道”与“气”相整合,笋以“自然论”贯之,对黄老学的发展做出了贡献,并为两汉哲学战线上目的论与反目的论的斗争奏响了序曲。     

Using the Double ABCX Model to Integrate Services for Families of Children with ASD

This conceptual paper reviews the need for a family-focused service delivery model within the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) field and suggests that the Double ABCX Model of Stress and Adaptation is a way to address this need. Within the ASD field, there is an absence of service delivery models that are able to address the needs of the family as a unit, rather than the individual child with ASD. This gap is striking given the reciprocal relationship between parent and child outcomes within the ASD field. To support our argument that the Double ABCX model could be used to integrate parent and child-focused interventions within the ASD field, this paper starts by reviewing the mental health outcomes often associated with having a child with ASD. We next provide a historical overview of the Double ABCX model and review a body of ASD intervention literature within the context of the Double ABCX model framework. Doing so shows that a number of child and parent focused interventions within the ASD field can be fit within the Double ABCX framework. However, a handful of methodological and sampling limitations prevent the Double ABCX model from being fully supported as a model that could be applied in a variety of settings. Taken together, this review highlights that the Double ABCX model is a promising strategy to integrate child and parent-focused interventions within the ASD field, but highlights that specific areas of future research are needed in order to build continued support for this argument.     

Doctors Who Integrate Spirituality and CAM in the Clinic: The Puerto Rican Case

This article describes Puerto Rican physicians’ personal and clinical utilization of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), its effects, and use as they identified as either Spiritist, spiritual or religious. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 74 doctors in Puerto Rico. Major themes and relationships among them were charted using the qualitative data analysis program MAXQDA, open coding and grounded theory. Thirty-one doctors spoke of CAM and its use as related to their spiritual or religious perspectives. Spiritual or Spiritist doctors were more inclined than religious doctors to utilize CAM. Seeking closer relationships with patients was related to a spiritually oriented goal of healing (as distinct from curing) as a reason to recommend CAM.     

In Search of Complexity: Seeking to Integrate Feminist and Evolutionary Perspectives in Psychology

This Special Section of Sex Roles, “Commentaries on the Special Issue: Feminist Reappraisals of Evolutionary Psychology” (Smith and Konik 2013), continues the interchange among researchers who are approaching psychology from evolutionary and/or feminist perspectives that began in the May 2011 issue. This introduction to the current Special Section focuses on two themes: (1) constraints caused by both disciplinarity and the researcher’s location need to be transcended, and (2) nature and nurture must be recognized as interrelated concepts when utilizing evolutionary and feminist frameworks. In addressing these themes, we highlight how they are apparent in the collection of works published in this Special Section. It is clear that both feminist and evolutionary scholarship has matured to the point where, given appropriate conceptual complexity, both can continue to develop.     

Collaboration of Colorado Cancer Genetic Counselors to Integrate Next Generation Sequencing Panels into Clinical Practice

The recent introduction of clinically available next generation sequencing (NGS) cancer panels has presented new challenges for genetic counselors. Determining which patients are appropriate for NGS panel testing is complex. Due to the large number of genes included in the NGS panels, thorough and appropriate pre-test counseling and interpretation of NGS results can be a time-consuming and difficult process. Many of the genes associated with increased cancer risk lack published clinical management guidelines and estimates of cancer risk for individuals with deleterious mutations. In order to efficiently and effectively review the clinical utility of NGS panels, Colorado cancer genetic counselors formed a working group to gain a better understanding of the genes included in NGS cancer panels. This publication reports on the approach of this group, the process used to evaluate a selected NGS panel, future directions for this collaboration, and ideas for other genetic counselors to form similar groups to efficiently evaluate new technologies and improve practice.     

The Boulder Model in Academia: Struggling to Integrate the Science and Practice of Psychology

For many professionals, the Boulder model captures the ideals of clinical psychology. Unfortunately, it can be extremely difficult to integrate science and practice in many work settings. The present paper provides several recommendations for encouraging the scientist-practitioner model in academia. Faculty can strive to integrate teaching, research, and clinical services in weekly activities. First, it is important for the professional to retain a strong and clear focus on clinical psychology, without straying into allied fields. Second, it is essential for anyone who works in academia to learn to juggle many different activities that demand the professional’s time. Third, it is important to maintain a consistent focus on specific areas of interest in order to cultivate them into domains of expertise. Fourth, it is helpful to appreciate the synergism whereby work in one area can enhance the other domains. Fifth, it is helpful to integrate several activities into one multi-purpose task. Finally, it can be useful to view professional involvement in many different activities that could help to advance the field.     

The Voice in Dissociation: A Group Model for Helping Victims Integrate Trauma Representational Memory

The current article focuses on the subjective elements of voice in trauma and dissociation, and the manifestation of voice in four phases of group treatment for victims of extreme, catastrophic events. The voice discussed here is no ordinary voice: it captures an attribute of dissociated representational experience that, though not easily defined, is nonetheless replete with trauma messages from the depth of somatopsychic processes, expressed in the patient's nonverbal talking in gestures, tone of voice, posture, silences, facial expressions, and in rhythm, timbre, movement, and syntax. Dissociation, trauma representational memory, and the phases of a proposed group model are discussed in detail with their respective phase-specific voice.     

Guidelines to Integrate Spirituality and Spiritual Care in Occupational Therapy Education: A Modified Delphi Study

This modified Delphi study aimed to develop educational guidelines for integrating spirituality and spiritual care into occupational therapy education. The first round comprised a self-administered questionnaire, the second round used a face-to-face workshop, and last round reviewed the developed educational guidelines, which reached the highest agreement and median values greater than 3.25. A panel of 18 comprised occupational therapy educators, clinicians, and nursing experts were recruited. A total of 126 out of 142 items reached the highest agreements from the panel participants, categorized based on the content knowledge-based, importance, skills, ethics, pedagogical approaches, teaching and learning strategies, and assessment of student learning.     

The Development of the Ability to Semantically Integrate Information in Speech and Iconic Gesture in Comprehension

We examined whether children's ability to integrate speech and gesture follows the pattern of a broader developmental shift between 3‐ and 5‐year‐old children (Ramscar & Gitcho, 2007) regarding the ability to process two pieces of information simultaneously. In Experiment 1, 3‐year‐olds, 5‐year‐olds, and adults were presented with either an iconic gesture or a spoken sentence or a combination of the two on a computer screen, and they were instructed to select a photograph that best matched the message. The 3‐year‐olds did not integrate information in speech and gesture, but 5‐year‐olds and adults did. In Experiment 2, 3‐year‐old children were presented with the same speech and gesture as in Experiment 1 that were produced live by an experimenter. When presented live, 3‐year‐olds could integrate speech and gesture. We concluded that development of the integration ability is a part of the broader developmental shift; however, live‐presentation facilitates the nascent integration ability in 3‐year‐olds.     

将国学思想切入于我国高等医学人文教育

基于时代的发展和医学的人文回归,提出将国学思想切入于我国的高等医学人文教育,并从可为人类走出当前的某些危机、传承民族文化、提升学生道德素质及践行性角度探讨其必要性;从有助于医者职业道德的养成、科研灵感的激发和人文意识的培养探讨其应然性.