共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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阶层流动是指人们在社会分层体系中相对位置的变化。人们普遍预期,向上流动促进个体发展和社会进步。然而近期研究也表明,向上流动还可能损害个体健康和主观幸福感,使人们低估和容忍社会不平等,并反对再分配。地位认同、贫富归因倾向以及系统公正信念能够解释向上流动的双刃剑效应。未来研究需要进一步澄清向上流动感知的具体表现,深入考察向上流动影响的心理机制,探索促进阶层流动积极效应发挥的干预方法。 相似文献
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文章回顾了国外对潜在(异性)伴侣绝对身高、相对身高偏好的已有成果;从进化心理学理论、社会学习理论、社会交换理论梳理了两性择偶时身高偏好的原因其差异。预测今后将是研究在不同文化背景下结果的普遍性,对结果的解释将是几种理论间观点的借鉴与整合。 相似文献
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身体锻炼对高中学生主观幸福感的影响及其心理机制 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了考察身体锻炼与高中学生主观幸福感的关系,采用量表法进行了研究,控制了相关变量后的研究结果表明:(1)经常锻炼的高中学生比锻炼不足的高中学生的主观幸福感更加强烈,这一差异表现在两者之间的情感成份和特殊生活满意感上;一次的身体锻炼对高中学生主观幸福感没有影响,长期性的身体锻炼可以提高高中学生主观幸福感;小锻炼量和中等锻炼量的身体锻炼随着锻炼持续时间的增长,对高中学生主观幸福感影响加深,而大锻炼量随着锻炼持续时间的增长对高中学生主观幸福感的影响,呈现倒“V”型的曲线状;随着锻炼持续时间的增长,中等锻炼量的效果明显优于小锻炼量和大锻炼量的效果;(2)身体锻炼不仅可以直接对高中学生主观幸福感产生影响,而且可以通过身体自尊,人际关系、人格等中介变量对高中学生主观幸福感产生影响 相似文献
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情感适应是指对重复或连续刺激的情感反应变弱的心理过程.在解释情感适应的心理机制和过程的理论中,最有影响的是AREA模型.该模型认为个体注意到与自身相关且难以解释的事件时,对事件作出情感反应并试图解释或理解;若解释成功,注意力会减弱进而适应该事件,对应的情感反应也会变弱.大量关于消极事件与积极事件的研究为AREA模型提供了实证支持.未来研究需要从影响情感适应速度的因素、跨文化研究、适应轨迹的时间精确性以及干预措施等方面进一步探索. 相似文献
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影响人际交往的心理原因及其策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在现代开放的社会中,人与人之间的交往显得十分重要。但是在现实生活的人际接触中,并不是每个人都能建立起和谐的人际关系的。本文从社会心理学的角度分析了影响人际交往的种种心理原因及提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
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性格优点是通过个体的认知、情感和行为而反映出来的一组积极人格特质,它是积极心理学的核心研究领域。研究表明性格优点存在跨文化的普遍性,并且性格优点与优良表现、主观幸福感以及创伤后成长呈显著的正相关。同时,研究表明遗传、年龄、性别以及个体的宗教信仰可能会影响个体性格优点的发展及其表现。文章对性格优点未来的研究方向及其应用进行了探讨。 相似文献
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论进化心理学的“心理机制” 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
“心理机制”是进化心理学的核心概念。对这一概念的理解直接影响着对整个进化心理学理论的理解。该文尝试从心理学其它相关学科的角度,对这一概念的性质进行充分的解读与分析,同时也指出进化心理学“心理机制”理论之明显误区,并在此基础上对进化心理学价值之所在给予充分的彰显。 相似文献
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There is now substantial evidence that larger income differences in a society increase the prevalence of most of the health and social problems that tend to occur more frequently lower down the social ladder. The pathways through which human beings are sensitive to inequality are however less clear. This paper outlines the explanatory theory that we think best fits the growing but incomplete body of evidence available. Inequality appears to have its most fundamental effects on the quality of social relations—with implications affecting the prevalence of a number of psychopathologies. We suggest that human beings have two contrasting evolved social strategies: one that is adaptive to living in a dominance hierarchy and the other appropriate to more egalitarian societies based on reciprocity and cooperation. Although both strategies are used in all societies, we hypothesise that the balance between them changes with the extent of material inequality. 相似文献
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摘 要:人类躯体是由各部位按照一定的空间关系组成的,与人类面孔相似,也是对称的。它也能提供个体身份和行为方式等信息,如年龄、性别、意图、情感状态等。它与面孔相辅相成,共同促成对个体身份的辨别。躯体知觉是指大脑对进入视觉加工系统中的人类躯体刺激的侦察,感知或识别。躯体知觉应当如面孔知觉研究一样受到更多的关注。文章概述、评价了躯体知觉相关的认知神经研究,着重介绍了躯体知觉的认知和神经机制,并提出了一些值得进一步研究的问题。 相似文献
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Viren Swami Laura Weis David Barron Adrian Furnham 《The Journal of social psychology》2018,158(5):541-552
Studies examining associations between positive body image and well-being have used a limited array of measures of each construct. To rectify this, we asked an online sample of 1148 U.K. adults to complete a range of measures of positive body image (body appreciation, body image flexibility, body pride, body acceptance from others) and a multi-dimensional measure of well-being (emotional, psychological, and social). Results showed that, once the effects of age and body mass index (BMI) had been accounted for, body appreciation significantly predicted all dimensions of well-being. Other positive body image measures emerged as significant predictors, but patterns of associations were mixed across sex and well-being dimension. Additional analyses showed that women had significantly lower scores than men on most body image measures, and that BMI was negatively associated with all body image measures. These results have implications for the promotion of well-being, which we discuss. 相似文献
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社会支持与主观幸福感关系研究综述 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
文章针对社会支持对主观幸福感的影响及其影响机制的研究进行了较为系统的梳理,并分析和探讨了现存的问题和今后的研究方向,旨在为未来的研究提供新的思路和视角。 相似文献
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Daniel Stein 《The Journal of psychology》2013,147(5):505-522
Central to many psychological schools of thought is the notion that self-reflection leads to self-insight which, in turn, leads to enhanced well-being. However, empirical research has found that although self-insight is typically associated with well-being, self-reflection is frequently not associated with self-insight or well-being. Past attempts to understand this conundrum have tended to focus on the role of ruminative self-refection. Using a different approach this study investigates the roles of dysfunctional attitudes and positive core self-evaluations. Using data from 227 participants, two key findings are reported: first, dysfunctional attitudes suppress the relationship between self-reflection and self-insight; and second, positive core self-evaluations mediate the relationship between self-insight and subjective well-being. These two findings imply that a path exists from self-reflection to subjective well-being through self-insight and positive core self-evaluations. This path model was found to be a good fit. Implications for future research and positive psychological practice are discussed. 相似文献
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Balanced assessment of mental health involves assessing well-being and strengths as well as psychopathology. The character strengths of curiosity, gratitude, hope, optimism and forgiveness are assessed in 214 new undergraduates and their relationships to mental health, subjective well-being and self-esteem explored. Scoring the mental health scale for psychiatric caseness, case and non-case students did not differ in character strengths, positive affect or life satisfaction, supporting a dual-factor model. Hope pathways and gratitude predicted mental health. Gratitude, hope agency and exploratory curiosity predicted positive affect. Gratitude and hope agency predicted life satisfaction. Hope agency, hope pathways, exploratory curiosity and gratitude predicted self-esteem, with absorption curiosity as a negative predictor. The benefits of assessing strengths are discussed and interventions designed to develop them. 相似文献