Étude développementale de l’interprétation de combinaisons conceptuelles nominales « relation » et « propriété »

The present research addresses how people interpret novel noun-noun conceptual combinations. First, we focused on two types of conceptual combinations: property and relational combinations. Secondly, we manipulated the order of the constituents. Finally, we studied if the interpretation in terms of “Property” or “Relation” changes along with age. So, four groups of 6-, 8- and 10-year-old children and adults participated in a production task. Our results indicated that the interpretations in terms of relation were more frequent for the “Relation” combinations compared to the “Property” ones. Property-transferring interpretations increased with age when Property combinations are presented. The most frequent interpretations followed the order Head noun-Modifier, which is opposite to the order observed in English.     

La professionnalité des psychologues : acquisition de compétences et processus de professionnalisation

The aim of this work is to study professions from a psychosocial perspective. As such, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to detect the “specific” and “transversal” competences of two professional groups: psychologists and educators. The results show the job seniority and the intervention area are the two elements, linked to the professional context, more involved into the development of the perception of oneself competence and consequently into professionalisation process. The psychologic dimensions, we supposed implied into the development of competence process - for example Self efficacy and Professional commitment - were competence premonitory elements, implied in the professionalisation process, too.     

Interfaith Families; Personal Stories of Jewish–Christian Intermarriage – Jane Kaplan

Book reviewed:
Interfaith Families; Personal Stories of Jewish–Christian Intermarriage , Jane Kaplan, Seabury Books 2005 (1-59627-011-X), xv + 237 pp., pb $20.00     

Brouwer’s Notion of ‘Egoicity’

Axiomathes - According to Brouwer’s ‘theory of the exodus of consciousness’, our experience includes ‘egoicity’, a distinct kind of feeling. In this paper, we (i)...     

“Do Unto Others”: Effects of Priming the Golden Rule on Buddhists’ and Christians’ Attitudes Toward Gay People

The Golden Rule, a core precept of many religions, emphasizes the importance of treating others with compassion. We examined whether priming Golden Rule messages would influence Buddhists’ and Christians’ attitudes toward gay people and perceptions that homosexuality is a choice. In a priming task, participants filled in missing words for popular quotations including two Golden Rule messages that were attributed to either Buddha or Jesus. Christians ( N = 585) in the Buddha‐attributed Golden Rule condition showed stronger explicit anti‐gay attitudes and were more likely to agree that homosexuality is a choice than Christians in the Jesus‐attributed or control conditions, = .012, = .035, even after controlling for political orientation and religiosity. Buddhists ( = 394) showed no variation in attitudes across priming conditions, = .001, = .78. Our results suggest that although the Golden Rule has an important influence on believers, its message of compassion may produce more prejudice if it comes from an outgroup source compared to an ingroup source.     

‘MusiMath’ and ‘Academic Music’ – Two music‐based intervention programs for fractions learning in fourth grade students

Music and mathematics require abstract thinking and using symbolic notations. Controversy exists regarding transfer from musical training to math achievements. The current study examined the effect of two integrated intervention programs representing holistic versus acoustic approaches, on fraction knowledge. Three classes of fourth graders attended 12 lessons on fractions: One class attended the ‘MusiMath’ holistic program (n = 30) focusing on rhythm within the melody. Another class attended the ‘Academic Music’ acoustic program (Courey et al., Educ Stud Math 81:251, 2012) (n = 25) which uses rhythm only. The third class received regular fraction lessons (comparison group, n = 22). Students in both music programs learned to write musical notes and perform rhythmic patterns through clapping and drumming as part of their fraction lessons. They worked toward adding musical notes to produce a number (fraction), and created addition/subtraction problems with musical notes. The music programs used a 4/4 time signature with whole, half, quarter and eighth notes. In the math lessons, the students learned the analogy between musical durations and fractions, but also practiced fractions other than . Music and math were assessed before, immediately following, and 3‐ and 6‐months post‐intervention. Pre‐ to post‐intervention analyses indicated that only the ‘MusiMath’ group showed greater transfer to intervention‐trained and untrained fractions than the comparison group. The ‘Academic Music’ group showed a trend on trained fractions. Although both music groups outperformed the comparison group 3‐ and 6‐months post‐intervention on trained fractions, only the ‘MusiMath’ group demonstrated greater gains in untrained fractions. Gains were more evident in trained than in untrained fractions. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/uJ_KWWDO624     

The Gospel of Faith and Justice – Antonio González

Book reviewed:
The Gospel of Faith and Justice , Antonio González, Orbis Books 2005 (1-57075-611-2), xii + 179 pp., pb $24.00     

Christ and Culture – Graham Ward

Book reviewed:
Christ and Culture , Graham Ward, Blackwell 2005 (hb 1-4051-2140-8; pb 1-4051-2141-6), x + 277 pp., hb $84.95/£50.00, pb $34.95/£22.99     

The SCM Press A–Z of Evangelical Theology – Roger E. Olson

Book reviewed:
The SCM Press A–Z of Evangelical Theology , Roger E. Olson, SCM Press 2005 (0-334-04011-6), 328 pp., pb £22.99     

Comparing two independent groups: A test based on a one‐step M‐estimator and bootstrap‐t

A new test is proposed for the problem of comparing two independent groups in terms of some measure of location. The proposed test () uses a one‐step M‐estimator and a bootstrap‐t method with the procedure proposed by Özdemir and Kurt (2006) . Eight methods were compared in terms of actual Type I error and power when the underlying distributions differ in skewness and kurtosis under heterogeneity of variances. For the 21 theoretical distributions, the Yuen test with the bootstrap‐t method was the most favourable, followed by test. For the five real data sets, the proposed test and percentile bootstrap method with the one‐step M‐estimator performed best.     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
The Major World Religions : An Introduction with Texts , T. Patrick Burke, Second Edition, Blackwell 2004 (1-4051-1049-X), pp. xix + 380, Pb £17.99/$34.95 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham
The Biblical World , two volumes, John Barton (ed.), Routledge 2004 (0-415-34954-0), Hb £45 Reviewed by Deryn Guest University of Birmingham
Matthew : A Commentary, Volume 1 : The Christbook (Matthew 1–12) , Frederick Dale Bruner, Revised and Expanded Edition, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-1118-3), pp. xlviii + 604, Hb £34.95/$45 Matthew : A Commentary, Volume 2 : The Churchbook (Matthew 13–18) , Frederick Dale Bruner, Revised and Expanded Edition, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-2670-9), pp. xxxii + 854, Hb £34.95/$45 Reviewed by Philip Seddon University of Birmingham
Religion in the Medieval World , Bernard Hamilton, Second Edition, Arnold Publishers 2003 (0-340-80839-X), pp. ix + 196, Pb £14.99 Reviewed by Stephen Morris New York
A History of the Popes 1830–1914 , Owen Chadwick, Oxford History of the Christian Church, Oxford University Press 2003 (0-19-926286-1), pp. x + 614, Pb £25 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham
Religion and American Culture : A Reader , David G. Hackett (ed.), Second Edition, Routledge 2003 (0-415-94273-X), pp. xvi + 550, Pb £22.95 Reviewed by Jeffrey Marlett The College of Saint Rose, New York
Cut Loose Your Stammering Tongue : Black Theology in the Slave Narrative , Dwight N. Hopkins and George C.L. Cummings (eds), Second Edition, Westminster John Knox Press 2003 (0-664-22521-7), pp. xvi + 205, Pb $24.95 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
Till the Heart Sings: A Biblical Theology of Manhood and Womanhood , Samuel Terrien, Eerdmans & Dove 2004 (0-8028-2237-1), pp. xxiv + 260, Pb £16.99 Reviewed by Walter Moberly University of Durham
Sex and Love in the Home: A Theology of the Household , David Matzko McCarthy, Second Edition, SCM Press 2004 (0-334-02946-5), pp. xiv + 297, Pb £18.99 Reviewed by Gavin D'Costa University of Bristol
The Divine Milieu , Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, translated by Siôn Cowell, Sussex Academic Press 2004 (1-902210-29-8), pp. xxxi + 12, Hb £29.95 Reviewed by Rev Dr Adrian Burdon Chester-le-Street, Co Durham     

The ‘circumstances’ of gestures: Proto-interrogatives and private gestures

The later Wittgenstein's emphasis on the social usage of language has been very influential in psychology, particularly in language acquisition research. This move toward a pragmatic position should also be applied to gestures in pre-linguistic children and to objects in the everyday contexts of use. The shared ‘forms of life’ presupposed by language involve pre-linguistic gestures and material ‘things’.Research on early communication has focused on proto-declarative and proto-imperative gestures. I extend this focus and propose further types of gestures: ‘proto-interrogatives’ - in which children “ask” for help or regulation from adults, and three types of ‘private gestures’ - ostensive, indexical and symbolic - in which children regulate their own behaviour. This diversity of gestures becomes apparent when objects are taken seriously. Wittgenstein's ‘language-games’ necessarily apply to games with objects and gestures as well: social meaning in all cases is emergent within the context of these ‘sign games’ and ‘circumstances.’     

Représentations de la société et pratiques éducatives en contexte de disparité culturelle : les choix de scolarisation de l'enfant chez des parents sénégalais

The purpose of this study, including the socio-cultural context of Senegal, is to show how society and social change's representations affect the choice to attend school or not. Representations of the society and of the social change have been apprehended during half directive talks, accomplished with twenty subjects (parents of Senegalese children) and put in evidence by statistical analyses, both lexical and morphosyntactical. It emerges from the results that important changes concerning representations of the society and of the social change - especially according to school attendance's modes - can be observed. Parent's positions on the social change - sometimes ambivalents - underline incoherence of link between society and social change's representations and school attendance's methods in a cross-cultural context.     

The Multidimensional Structure of ‘better than’

Axiomathes - According to the mixed lexicographic/additive account of ‘better than’ and similar aggregative value comparatives like ‘healthier than’, values are...     

Überblick über aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen bei Myasthenia gravis,Teil 1

psychopraxis. neuropraxis - Die Myasthenia gravis (MG) ist eine Autoimmunerkrankung mit Störung der postsynaptischen neuromuskulären Erregungsübertragung, die durch...     

Acoustic behavior associated with cooperative task success in bottlenose dolphins (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tursiops truncatus</Emphasis>)

Although many species have proven capable of cooperating to achieve common goals, the role of communication in cooperation has received relatively little attention. Analysis of communication between partners is vital in determining whether actions are truly cooperative rather than serendipitous or learned via trial and error (Chalmeau and Gallo in Behav Process 35:101–111, 1996a. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(95)00049-6, Primates 37:39–47, 1996b. doi: 10.1007/BF02382918). Wild cetaceans often produce sounds during cooperative foraging, playing, and mating, but the role of these sounds in cooperative events is largely unknown. Here, we investigated acoustic communication between two male bottlenose dolphins while they cooperatively opened a container (Kuczaj et al. in Anim Cogn 18:543–550, 2015b. doi: 10.1007/s10071-014-0822-4). Analyses of whistles, burst pulses, and bi-phonations that occurred during four contexts (i.e., no container, no animals interacting with container, one animal interacting with container, and two animals interacting with container) revealed that overall sound production rate significantly increased during container interactions. Sound production rates were also significantly higher during cooperative successes than solo successes, suggesting that the coordination of efforts rather than the apparatus itself was responsible for the phonation increase. The most common sound type during cooperative successes was burst pulse signals, similar to past recordings of cooperative events in bottlenose dolphins (Bastian in Animal sonar systems. Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en Josas, pp 803–873, 1967; Connor and Smolker 1996).     

Dissoziative Störung einst und jetzt

psychopraxis. neuropraxis - In der Behandlung der dissoziativen Störungen hat sich in den letzten 150&nbsp;Jahren sehr viel verändert. Zu Zeiten Jean-Martin Charcots dominierten...     

ONCE MORE . . .

Books reviewed:
Biblical Interpretation: The Meanings of Scripture – Past and Present , John M. Court (ed.), T & T Clark 2004, A Continuum Imprint (ISBN 0-8264-6658-3), pp. xii + 334, Pb £35 Reviewed by Isabel Wollaston University of Birmingham
The Psalms in Israel's Worship , Sigmund Mowinckel, The Biblical Resource Series, translated by D.R. Ap-Thomas, with a new Foreword by James L. Crenshaw, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-2816-7), pp. xliv + 303, Hb £19.99/$40 Reviewed by Philip Seddon University of Birmingham
Paul on Marriage and Celibacy: The Hellenistic Background of 1 Corinthians 7 , Will Deeming, Second Edition, Eerdmans 2004 (0-8028-3989-4), pp. xxii + 271, Pb £19.99 Reviewed by Anthony Bash University of Durham     

Reconnaissance des visages d’un autre groupe ethnique : éclairage d’une approche développementale

We are reviewing the recent findings on the Other Race Effect (ORE), which is the difficulty to recognize faces from other race compared to own race faces. Several hypotheses were proposed: negative attitude (Brigham and Malpass, 1985), attentional mechanisms (Chance and Goldstein, 1981), and the contact hypothesis (Brigham et al., 1982) which postulates that the ORE is due to a lack of experience with other race's faces. The contact hypothesis being, of course, modulated by attention and attitude. Valentine (1991 ; Valentine and Endo, 1992) proposes a norm-based coding model in which faces are encoded as vectors according to their deviation from a prototypical average. The resulting dimensions will differ according to the input received with certain salient, individuating dimensions carrying more “weight” than others. Predominant exposure to faces of a specific species, gender, or race early in life will cause the dimensions of one's prototype to become “tuned” towards such faces. The evidence presented support Valentine's model but we are showing that the quality of the contact is crucial in the experience. We are arguing that a developmental approach is necessary to better understand the ORE. Infants are able to process and recognize faces from an early age and several recent studies have found that the ORE can be observed from 9-10 months of age. Experimental results indicate that 6- to 9-months of age represents an important time of transition in the face processing system. If a certain type of face (other races) is not experienced prior to this period, then we appear to lose our ability to discriminate between individual faces within those groups.