共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Ronald J. Deluga 《Journal of applied social psychology》1991,21(14):1145-1160
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of subordinate-impression management disposition, as measured by self-monitoring and other-deception, with the use of hard, soft, and rational upward-influencing behavior in an organizational setting. One hundred and two bank employees confidentially completed the Self-Monitoring Scale (SMS), Other-Deception Questionnaire (ODQ), and Form M of the Profiles of Organizational Influence Strategies. The results provided mixed support for the hypothesis that increasing levels of self-monitoring and other-deception would be linked with rising levels of upward influencing. A significant self-monitoring and other-deception interaction was observed. As hypothesized, increasing levels of both self-monitoring and other-deception were associated with effectiveness in influencing the supervisor. The findings are discussed in terms of the psychological processes involved in influence strategy selection. It is also suggested that the ODQ and SMS may assess impression management motivation and skill, respectively. The implications of the findings are addressed. 相似文献
2.
3.
论人格、交往行为与人际关系和谐 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人格,作为人在实践活动中生成的内在精神要素和外在行为规范的系统结构,是以自我意识为核心的,是在与环境的交互作用中形成的,并被主体吸纳为自身的一种本质力量.人格影响和制约着人的交往行为,合理化的交往行为对人格的修养具有促进作用.良好的人格修养和交往行为合理化,是实现人际关系和谐的现实需要与重要标志,使整个社会成员形成良好的价值取向、交往行为模式,能够协调人际关系和规范社会秩序,有利于和谐人际关系的构建. 相似文献
4.
Marisa Adelman Carson Linda Rhoades Shanock Eric D. Heggestad Ashley M. Andrew S. Douglas Pugh Matthew Walter 《Journal of business and psychology》2012,27(3):291-304
Managerial derailment, which includes failure in the form organizational exit, poses costly consequences for organizations. We investigated the relationship between dysfunctional interpersonal tendencies, derailment potential behaviors, and actual managerial derailment in the form of voluntary and involuntary turnover. Data were from an archival database of high-level managers working for a global retail organization, including self-report interpersonal tendencies, 360-degree feedback data, and personnel history (N?=?1,796). Managers who exhibit the dysfunctional interpersonal tendencies associated with ??moving against people?? were more likely to enact derailment potential behaviors. As a result, these managers were more likely to be fired or quit. This study advances our understanding of the managerial derailment process by providing evidence of the positive relationship between derailment potential behaviors and both voluntary and involuntary turnover as well as the potential for ??moving against?? people to result in derailment. Our results may help to inform the selection, promotion, and training strategies employed by practitioners and potentially reduce the costs associated with losing high-potential executives. This is one of the first studies to provide evidence of the relationship between derailment potential behaviors and turnover, and in a rarely obtained sample of high-level managers. Additionally, derailment potential ratings were collected before managers?? exit from the organization, thus helping to overcome retrospective bias evident in prior studies; managers who ultimately derail were perceived as having exhibited behaviors consistent with the potential to derail before organizational exit. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Research has suggested that tripled rooms may be characterized by a coalition of two roommate(s) and a third, left-out rommate (i.e., the isolate) who is more vulnerable to crowding and control-related problems. The present study sought (1) to confirm the existence of two person coalitions in tripled rooms and (2) to further explore the mediating effects of interpersonal relationships on crowding stress and related problems. Thirty intact groups of roommates from doubled rooms (n= 60) and 39 intact groups of roommates from tripled rooms (n= 117) completed a set of surveys concerned with residential experiences. Results suggested that crowding stress previously associated with tripled residential settings may be mediated by interpersonal relationships; tripled residents who had negative interpersonal relationships with their roommates reported being more bothered by crowding, at both the beginning and end of the semester, than doubled residents who expressed negativity towards their roommate. Satisfaction with privacy was also influenced not only by the number of people with whom a resident shared a room, but also by the nature of the resident's interpersonal relationships with his/her roommate(s). Data also suggest that control-related problems may be a direct outcome of poor interpersonal relationships among inhabitants. Results also indicated that only a small percentage of tripled rooms were characterized by reciprocal, two person coalitions. 相似文献
8.
医疗保健政策与医患关系 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
医疗保健政策深刻地影响着医患关系,并左右着医患关系的发展与变化.在实行"以公平为主,兼顾效益"的福利性的医疗保健政策时期,我国的医患关系是和谐的.但自从医疗保健政策向"经济导向型"方向转变之后,国家大幅度减少了对卫生事业的投入,医院必须从病人身上取得卫生发展必要的资金,医药费用上涨是必然的,也失去了公平和公正,并最终导致医患关系的恶化.调整医患关系不能仅从医、患两方面着手,建立符合医学伦理的卫生政策,才是问题的关键. 相似文献
9.
The present study examined the relationship between the hardiness components of commitment, control, and challenge, and the experience of physical and psychological symptoms in a sample of 150 (75 male, 75 female) adolescents. A measure of psychosocial stress was included to permit an examination of whether the hardiness components interact with stress in predicting health outcomes. Analyses revealed main effects of stress, gender, and the hardiness components of commitment and control for several of the health measures. More important was the finding of a consistent interaction of stress, gender, and hardiness for several of the health measures. Whereas low-stress males experienced few physical and psychological symptoms regardless of their levels of commitment and control, high-stress males experienced more problems when they were low rather than high in either commitment or control. The hardiness components did not interact with stress in the prediction of health outcomes among females. 相似文献
10.
This study examined coping with stress from an organizational perspective by positing a relationship between Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and coping strategies (defined as change, accepting, or withdrawal). It was hypothesized that coping strategies would mediate the relationship between PsyCap and people’s well-being and performance. Questionnaire findings from a five hundred and fifty four employees showed a significant relationship between PsyCap and coping. Coping strategy in terms of change partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and the outcomes of well-being and performance. Coping strategy in terms of withdrawal partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and performance. PsyCap was found to have a strong, positive, and direct correlation with well-being and performance. Well-being was not found to associate significantly with performance. These findings suggest that the central variable in the model is not coping but PsyCap. PsyCap appears to have a strong, direct, and significant effect on the dependent variables. The theoretical implications are examined and future research avenues suggested. 相似文献
11.
为考察大学生的人际信任对主观幸福感的影响机制以及亲社会行为和攻击行为的中介作用,采用人际信任问卷、亲社会行为问卷、攻击行为问卷、幸福感指数问卷对2256名大学生进行调查。研究结果显示:(1)人际信任正向预测大学生的主观幸福感,人际信任水平越高,主观幸福感越好;(2)人际信任通过亲社会行为与攻击行为的中介作用,间接影响主观幸福感。 相似文献
12.
13.
A substantial body of empirical evidence suggests that social relationships buffer people from poor health. We review a program of research demonstrating how interpersonal goals create relationship processes that shape the quality of close relationships, which we argue may have consequences for own and others’ health. Self‐image goals to construct, maintain, and defend desired images of the self create negative interpersonal dynamics that undermine close relationships and mental health, while compassionate goals to support others’ well‐being create positive interpersonal dynamics that promote close relationships and mental health. We discuss the potential implications of social goals and close relationship processes for health. Finally, we suggest that exploring the independent benefits of giving and receiving in close relationships may inform how social relationships affect health and well‐being. 相似文献
14.
《人类行为》2013,26(3):141-155
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of hardiness to stress and to performance, and to explore its moderating effect on the rela- tionship between stress and performance. Three hundred twenty-six officer cadets in the Israel Defense Forces completed self-report stress questionnaires during four critical course events and hardiness questionnaires at the beginning and end of the course. As hypothesized, hardiness was consistently negatively related to experienced stress. It was also consistently positively related to objectively assessed performance throughout the course and in the subsequent course, and to the first on-the-job performance appraisal a year later. In addition to its main effects, hardiness buffered the cadets from the detri- mental effects of stress on performance. The processes by which hardiness affects performance are discussed. 相似文献
15.
采用问卷调查法,对443名小学四、五年级和初一、二年级学生进行调查,探讨学生自我感知到的班级人际和谐状况及其与社会行为的关系。结果表明:(1)学生对班级人际和谐各维度的感知上存在显著的性别差异,而年级差异主要体现在班级组织上。(2)在男生组中,不同社会测量地位学生在班级人际和谐的同伴关系和班级组织上有显著的差异。而在女生组中,不同社会测量地位学生在班级人际和谐的各个维度上均无显著性差异。(3)学生感知到的班级人际和谐与亲社会行为之间存在显著正相关,学生感知到的人际和谐与攻击行为之间相关不显著,感知到的同伴人际和谐与儿童的羞怯-敏感性有显著负相关。 相似文献
16.
前期研究显示人际自立与抑郁负相关, 本研究用两个调查来进一步探索人际自立与抑郁关系的价值与特点。研究一使用青少年学生人际自立量表、社会依赖量表中文修订版和自评抑郁量表对471名有效被试进行了调查, 结果发现:①人际主动、人际灵活与社会依赖无关; ②在控制了社会依赖后, 人际自立对抑郁仍有显著的负向预测作用。研究二使用青少年学生人际自立量表、症状自评量表中的抑郁分量表、社会支持评定量表对287名有效被试进行了调查。结果发现, 调节模型不被支持, 社会支持在人际独立、人际开放、人际主动与抑郁的关系中起到中介作用。综上所述可以认为:人际自立负向预测抑郁的能力很可能不会受其他抑郁相关人格的明显影响, 很可能是新的抑郁的保护性人格因素; 人际因素很可能在人际自立与抑郁的关系中起到中介作用。 相似文献
17.
Nigel F. Piercy David W. Cravens Nikala Lane 《Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management》2013,33(3):221-237
Salesperson gender studies have consistently reported no differences. In contrast, a single-company study found several differences based on sales manager gender concerning salesperson attitudes, behavior, and outcome (Piercy, Cravens, and Lane 2001). The present research examines the sales manager gender issue across multiple companies from the perspective of sales managers. Sales units led by female managers display higher effectiveness. Female sales managers perform significantly higher levels of behavior-based control activities and display higher competence in this management approach, compared to male counterparts. There are few differences in managers’ assessments of salespersons’ behavior performance based on gender. Female sales managers do not show higher levels of organizational citizenship behavior as part of their management approach. Interestingly, no differences based on gender were found concerning several salesperson and organizational characteristics. These findings suggest that different selling environments are not affecting the study gender results. Several promising future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
18.
The author narrates a history of the development of her interest in integrating behavior into heath research and health care. Using diabetes as an exemplar, she describes some of the challenges of integrating behavior into health research and health care: (1) becoming a member of interdisciplinary research and health care teams; (2) acquiring funding for behavioral research with medical populations; (3) communicating scientific findings; and (4) acquiring reimbursement for psychological services rendered. Specific examples of how the author and other psychologists can address these challenges are provided. 相似文献
19.
In spite of a sizable body of research on the effects of information promotions on health knowledge and health behavior, relatively little is known about how such efforts affect change (or why they do not). This paper addresses that problem by exploring the particular role that health locus of control (HLC) beliefs play in individual responses to health promotion efforts aimed at encouraging preventive health behaviors. Two field experiments are presented. The first experiment examined the extent to which HLC beliefs are related to differences in individual levels of health knowledge following the distribution of an informational booklet on health. Internals high on health value who received the information booklet demonstrated greater health knowledge three months later than did other subjects, although this difference was greater among men than among women. The second experiment explored how HLC beliefs interact with differently framed “control” messages to promote behavior change in breast self-examination (BSE). HLC beliefs interacted with the control language of the BSE promotional message and a neutral reminder to affect subsequent BSE practice. Together, these studies suggest a more influential role for health locus of control beliefs in shaping responses to health messages than has previously been documented in field settings. 相似文献
20.
We examined the separate and combined impact of gender composition and training method on both the performance and interpersonal behaviors exhibited in small work groups. Participants were scheduled in groups of three for two 1-h sessions that occurred 1 week apart. In Session 1, groups were trained to assemble the AM portion of a radio. In Session 2, groups were tested on their training. Analyses indicated that groups whose members were trained together took longer to assemble their radios and made more errors than groups whose members were trained apart. No performance differences were found between mixed-gender and same-gender groups. However, women were less task-oriented in mixed-gender than in same-gender groups, but men were more task-oriented in mixed-gender than in same-gender groups. Further, solo women were less talkative than women in the majority, whereas men were more talkative when they were solos rather than in the majority. Implications for the nature of training and gender composition in groups in the workplace are discussed. 相似文献