Freud's Psychosexual Stage Conception: A Developmental Metaphor for Counselors

In this article, the author conceptualizes the counseling process and its outcome by comparing it metaphorically to Freud's psychosexual stage conception of personality development. Specifically, he focuses on resemblances between the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages of both Freud's conception and the counseling process. Suggestive of the heuristic quality of metaphorical comparisons, new meanings can be drawn from these resemblances, leading to fresh insight into the nature of the counseling relationship.     

A “Primer” in Conceptual Metaphor for Counselors

Conceptual metaphor provides a potentially powerful counseling framework, generalizable across theoretical orientations. According to the conceptual perspective, metaphor is not merely a matter of language, but is an indispensable dimension of human understanding and experience whereby more abstract ideas (like relationships) are understood in terms of more concrete experiences (like journeys). Consequently, when a couple in counseling says, “we're just spinning our wheels,” they are not only using a common colloquial expression, but also giving information about how they conceptualize their relationship. This article provides a theoretical foundation for use of conceptual metaphor and offers examples of its potential for counseling.     

精神分析学中的隐喻研究

通过文献回顾的方法,从隐喻的视角来研究精神分析理论及其临床实践的问题,介绍了目前精神分析理论中有关隐喻研究的三方面前沿领域:具体化隐喻、与身体自我相关的隐喻、隐喻作为理解潜意识的途径,指出精神分析学的建立依赖于隐喻理论;在临床实践中,对梦的解析和对移情现象的处理均依赖于隐喻的思维方式,通过隐喻的视角,精神分析师可更加容易地帮助患者实现潜意识内容的意识化。最后指出了精神分析学中隐喻的价值与意义。     

Advocacy for Counseling and Counselors: A Professional Imperative

Although advocacy both for clients and for the profession is essential for the future of counseling and counselors, advocacy for the profession has received little systematic attention. A national plan for advocacy is needed, the effectiveness of which depends on achieving consensus concerning professional identity, promoting a positive public image, establishing effective intraprofessional and interprofessional collaboration, and obtaining the participation of each counselor in advocacy activities. Specific professional advocacy skills and techniques are described.     

A Systems Approach for Training Employment Counselors

How can the systems approach and the related tools and techniques be used to improve the training of employment counselors? This article is intended to provide a tentative answer to that question. First, a conventional model for training counselors will be evaluated. Second, a systems-based model will be described. Finally, some advantages and limitations of the proposed model will be examined.     

Disability and Family Intervention: A Perspective for Counselors

Thomas H. Hohenshil and Rodney K. Goodyear , Special Assignment Editors Disability and Family Intervention: A Perspective for Counselors Hilda P. Versluys, Physical Rehabilitation and Family Dynamics. Rehabilitation Literature, March-April, 1980, 41 (3–4), 58–65.     

Person-Placement Congruence: A Framework for Vocational Counselors

A common guideline for vocational counseling is the rule requiring congruence between a man and his job. The issue of person-placement congruence was studied utilizing 159 patients referred for vocational rehabilitation to the Mental Health and Manpower Project from the Fort Logan Mental Health Center. A 13-item scale devised by project research staff and completed by vocational counselors was shown to predict later job success. By separating the scale into two categories, those items dealing with abilities and those related to needs, it was possible to predict the nature of job termination, i.e., quit or was fired. There was demonstrated considerable validity for the man-job fit approach to counseling, and this research served as an initial step toward detailing this rather simple rule.     

A Typology of Workaholics With Implications for Counselors

This article presents a brief review of the research on workaholism and the family and offers a typology of workaholism that more adequately portrays the various work styles of workaholics than have past classifications. This typology, which is based on level of work initiation and work completion, denotes 4 types of workaholics: relentless, bulimic, attention‐deficit, and savoring. Implications of this typology for the practice of counseling are proposed.     

Spiritual Empowerment: A Metaphor for Counseling

The metaphor of counseling as spiritual empowerment is presented, followed by an explanation of spiritual empowerment as a metaphor and spiritual empowerment as a theoretical framework for counselors. In the use of this metaphor, counselors initiate a spiritual experience with clients, and clients often experience a spiritual awakening in which they discover or rediscover their own spiritual power. Five conclusions are identified.