Games in Clinical Genetic Counseling Supervision

Games are defined as ongoing series of complementary ulterior transactions that are superficially plausible but have a concealed motivation to maximize pay-offs and minimize penalties for the initiator. While some games are harmless and part of socialization, others are destructive. Destructive game-playing in clinical supervision, in which game-playing (initiated by either supervisors or students) interferes with a student's realization of internship goals, has been documented in some allied healthcare professions but has not yet been studied in genetic counseling. Genetic counselors and clinical supervisors of genetic counseling students were anonymously surveyed regarding their experiences with destructive game-playing. Results show that such games do occur in genetic counseling clinical supervision. Some games are the same or similar to ones previously described in other health-care professions; others may be unique to genetic counseling. The purpose of this paper is to document these games as a first step to facilitating dialogue, understanding and awareness of them.     

Using the DSM-III-R in Counseling

Familiarity with DSM-III-R is an important element in maintaining professional expertise for counselors. This article discusses the new revisions contained in the DSM-III-R.     

幽默在心理治疗中的应用

幽默治疗是将幽默技术引入心理治疗,使当事人获得身心健康且能以幽默的态度看待生活的一种方法或手段.幽默治疗风险与机会并存,但只要遵循其理论基础,选择恰当的时机和形式,考虑到当事人的个体和文化差异,其风险就会降到最低.研究显示幽默治疗的使用存在争论,所以在治疗过程中要谨慎地引入,避免滥用或误用.     

Using Values Clarification in Counseling Settings

Values clarification began as a counseling tool. Raths's famous seven questions about values have their origin in Socratic questioning and also owe a debt to Emerson and Dewey. Numerous strategies have been developed for the learning of values awareness. Counselors have found the clarifying question helpful in individual counseling, and they discovered clarifying strategies useful in individual and group counseling. Furthermore, values clarification has been used successfully to personalize instruction. Finally, the counselor can take advantage of values clarification for personal and professional growth. The question of research in values clarification is addressed. Leona Tyler , in reaction to this article, recalls other techniques for values discrimination.     

Using Microcomputer-Based Assessment in Career Counseling

The author provides an overview of the current status of microcomputer-based testing, reviews several testing applications available in microcomputer format, and offers ideas on future developments.     

Using Hope in the Counseling Process

This article presents a framework for the development of hope in the counseling relationship. Although hope has often been viewed as an impediment to growth, the authors believe that realistic hope is an effective tool in a counseling relationship. The authors also examine the role of the counselor in the formulation of hope.     

Using Qualitative Appraisal Strategies in Career Counseling

This article examines the role of qualitative career assessment strategies in career counseling. Their use, especially in enlivening the career counseling process, is emphasized. Four specific procedures—life career assessment, life line, genogram, and Super's (Super, Savickas, & Super, 1996) Life Career Rainbow—are discussed.     

Using Art in Counseling: Ethical Considerations

Various mental health professionals use, on occasion, drawings and other types of art in therapy, but relatively little has been written on the ethics surrounding this technique. The authors take the position that artwork should be viewed as equivalent to verbal communication. Such equivalency gives rise to a variety of ethical issues that encompass confidentiality, documentation, ownership, research, publication, and display of artwork.     

Using the Internet to Enhance Testing in Counseling

This article reviews potential Internet applications in test selection, orientation, administration, scoring, and interpretation and explores inappropriate assessment use, relationship issues, ethics, credentialing, and training.     

Using Narrative Approaches to Teach Multicultural Counseling

Narrative approaches to teaching multicultural counseling can assist students in integrating course content with a sense of self. Narrative teaching strategies follow a postmodern view of learning—that is, that truth is constructed through the interaction of participants. Justification for narrative approaches to teaching multicultural counseling and narrative are introduced. Los enfoques narrativos para enseñar la consejería multicultural pueden ayudar a los estudiantes a integrar el contenido del curso con su sentido de ser. Las estrategias de la enseñanza narrativa siguen un panorama postmoderno de aprendizaje—que considera que la verdad se construye por la interacción de participantes. La justificación para enfoques narrativos para enseñar la consejería multicultural y la narrativa se introducen.     

Using Visual Journaling in Individual Counseling: A Case Example

The purpose of this article is to describe and illustrate through a hypothetical case example how visual journaling, a form of expressive arts counseling, can be adapted for use in individual counseling. Counselors may consider using visual journaling as a counseling intervention when working with clients who may not have words for what they are feeling or experiencing, and for clients who tend to be very analytical. Visual journaling can be a way to bypass the intellect and give clients another way to access their experience.     

Using Artist Trading Cards as an Expressive Arts Intervention in Counseling

Artist trading cards (ATCs) are miniature works of art that are created within the dimensions of standardized trading cards or playing cards (2.5 inches × 3.5 inches). ATCs can be made with a variety of media—everything from pen and ink to oil paints, collages, mosaics, stamping, and altered photos. Using this compact art format as an expressive arts intervention in the therapeutic environment provides the counselor with most, if not all, of the same therapeutic benefits of larger art media (e.g., expressive release, creativity, artistic communication, symbolic self-expression, self-exploration, etc.). The unique benefit of the ATC format is that ATCs allow for traditional expressive arts interventions to be “better, faster, and cheaper” in many ways.     

Using Self-Supervision to Maintain Counseling Skills: A Review

Counselor education literature acknowledges the difficulty of skill maintenance but offers few solutions. A review of related areas was conducted to provide direction in developing maintenance strategies. Four domains were considered: maintenance in behavior modification, behavioral self-control, the traditional maintenance mechanisms of feedback, supervision, and observational media, and self-supervisory programs. A self-supervisory program that applies the procedures of behavioral self-control to specific helping behavior that is identifiable on audiotape or videotape is advocated.     

The NEO Personality Inventory: Using the Five-Factor ModeI in Counseling

Personality psychologists have recently concluded that five major dimensions account for most individual differences in personality traits. The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) is a concise measure of this Five-Factor Model and of some of the important traits that define the factors. Characteristics of the test, features for administration and scoring, and studies of reliability, stability, and validity are summarized. The NEO-PI may be particularly appropriate for use in counseling because it is brief, nonpsychopathological in content, and sensitive to client strengths as well as weaknesses. We suggest several ways in which the counselor can learn how to use the NEO-PI effectively.