试论荀子的伦理思想

荀子是先秦著名的儒学大师,是先秦思想的集大成者,在我国古代思想史上占有重要地位。近年来荀子思想的研究比较冷落,对其伦理思想的研究尤为薄弱。本文拟对荀子伦理思想的主要内容和特色谈些粗浅的看法,以就正于方家。     

“以道制欲,乐而不乱”——试论荀子的音乐教育思想

荀子是战国末期的儒学大师,杰出的思想家,对中国古代音乐美学的发展有重要贡献。荀子的音乐教育思想集中反映在《荀子.乐论》中。他认为人需要音乐,肯定了音乐在沟通人们情感以及在人性教化中的巨大作用,具有＂中和之美＂。要使其成为教育人的手段和工具,防止音乐陷入邪乱,就必须使其符合道德礼义的要求。本文以荀子＂以道制欲,则乐而不乱＂的礼乐哲学思想为基点,全面阐述了荀子礼乐教育思想的内容、本质和作用以及其对当代音乐发展的启示。     

论荀子哲学对孟庄思想的摄受与扬弃

战国末期思想文化折中综合的趋势日渐显著,荀学是这一思想文化走向的典型范式。孟子、庄子思想在荀子哲学建构中具有非常独特的影响,此种影响主要表现在:荀子天道观对宗教之天、德性之天的剔除及与道家自然观的纠缠;性善、性真、性恶善伪的观念差异与相互连结;道德反省、审美直觉向认知理性的转向。从观念比较的视角交叉考量孟子、庄子、荀子思想逻辑深层结构上的差异及其相蕴互补性,揭示荀子对孟子、庄子思想的摄受与扬弃,还原荀子哲学的思想史地位。荀子思维方式的一大特点是认知理性转向,认知理性精神由于与中国哲学价值优先的主流传统不相契合而受到抑制,是中国古代科学技术没有走向近代转型的认识论根源。     

乐善则善善,乐美则美美——浅论《荀子·乐论》中荀子的音乐思想

荀子是战国末期的儒学重要代表人物,杰出的思想家,对中国古代音乐美学的发展有重要贡献,被人尊称为＂历史的巨人＂。荀子的音乐思想集中反映在《荀子.乐论》中。他认为人需要音乐,肯定了音乐在沟通人们情感以及在人性教化中的巨大作用,具有＂中和之美＂。他强言力说若要让音乐成为教育人的工具并阻碍其进入邪乱,就必须要遵循道德伦理的准则。《荀子.乐论》是荀子关于音乐理论的集大成之作,不但全面阐释了荀子的音乐思想,更对后世音乐美学的发展产生了深远的影响。本文指出了荀子音乐思想中＂重善轻美＂的思想倾向,并对其这种思想倾向的非理性进行了分析,以期引起人们的重视,以便人们对荀子的音乐思想有更全面、更重要、更客观的理解、认识和把握。     

《荀子》写作动机简析

荀子是先秦时期继孔、孟之后对儒学发扬、发展贡献最大的儒学大师。其所著《荀子》一书,比较全面、系统地阐述了他的政治、哲学思想,在我国思想文化史上占有重要地位。然而,在漫长的封建社会里,荀子所推崇的孔子与他批驳过的孟子成了历代帝王尊奉的人物,《论语》、《孟子》亦为儒家经典;荀子及其著作却被打入冷宫,少有问津者。建国以     

荀韩李之比较研究

<正> 荀子和他的学生韩非、李斯都是战国末期的思想家、政治家,在中国历史上,特别是在思想史上占有重要的地位。荀子和韩、李虽为师生关系,但他们的思想学说却颇不相同。因为韩、李曾经师事过荀子,所以向来不少论者认为韩、李继承和发展了荀子的法治思想,而建立起一个完整的法家思想体系。有人明确提出,荀子是春秋战国时期思想史上由礼到法过渡的桥梁。有人把秦始皇、李斯所实行的一套政策,也说成是来源于荀子的学说,甚至把焚书坑儒的责任也算到荀子的帐上。谭嗣同指责荀子的思想“一传而为李斯,而其为祸亦暴著于世”(《仁学》)。梁启超也说:“曾谓李斯坑儒之祸,发于荀卿亦非过言也(李斯坑儒,     

荀子音乐思想之我见

荀子是先秦时期儒家学派大师,杰出的唯物主义思想家。其音乐思想系统地集中于《乐论》,他继承了儒学重视礼乐的观点,思想体系完整,是我国第一部音乐论著。文章从音乐的本质及特征、荀子的音乐心理学理论及音乐的功能等三个方面对其音乐思想做剖析及总结,旨在对其音乐学的贡献及地位总结梳理,以期对其有一公正的认识。     

全国师专心理学第二次教学、科研会议论文 略论荀子心理学思想的辩证因素

荀子名况,字卿,又称孙卿。是战国后期的赵国人。荀子是先秦时期一位集学术思想之大成的思想家,他的朴素唯物主义思想和辩证法思想,在我国古代思想史上处在承先启后的重要地位。本文拟对他心理学思想的辩证因素,谈一些粗浅的看法。     

试论齐鲁文化中的教育思想

在我国历史上,春秋战国时期是由奴隶制向封建制过渡的时期,同时也是一个在学术思想上百花齐放、百家争鸣、地域文化发展形成的时期。这个时期的教育思想,尤其是齐鲁文化中的教育思想,对尔后的社会及教育界产生了重大而深远的影响。本文试以《管子》、《论语》、《荀子》为据,以管子、孔子及荀子的教育思想为典例,试就齐鲁文化中的教育思想作一初步探析。     

三家《诗》思想渊源之蠡测

西汉今文诗学分为鲁、齐、韩三家。三家《诗》虽然都属于今文诗学,但其思想特征并不完全相同。而这些思想特征的不同,与它们思想来源的不同有着密切关系:鲁《诗》与荀子思想有着密切关系,在解《诗》的时候突出了礼的地位;齐《诗》源自以《公羊》为代表的齐学,有着浓厚的阴阳五行思想色彩;韩《诗》同时受到荀子与阴阳家两方面思想的影响,这也是其既有荀子"天人相分"思想,又有天人感应、阴阳灾异思想的原因所在。从保持先秦《诗》义的原貌来看,鲁《诗》的贡献最大。但从汉代经学的发展来看,齐《诗》无疑最能反映西汉今文诗学的特色。     

Ritual Education and Moral Development: A Comparison of Xunzi and Vygotsky

Xunzi’s 荀子 advocacy for moral education is well-documented; precisely how his program bolsters moral development, and why a program touting study of ritual could be effective, remain subjects of debate. I argue that these matters can be clarified by appealing to the theory of learning and development offered by Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky posited that development depends primarily on social interactions mediated by sociocultural tools that modify learners’ cognitive architecture, enabling increasingly sophisticated thought. Vygotsky’s theory is remarkably similar to Xunzi’s account of how studying and practicing ritual restructures learners’ moral psychology. Specifically, both Vygotsky and Xunzi offer nonnativist accounts of psychosocial development that emphasize the centrality of sociocultural tools for learning. This comparison yields a more nuanced and empirically supported interpretation of Xunzi’s account of moral education, as well as an account that has applications in contemporary work in moral education and development.     

Xunzi’s Theory of Ritual Revisited: Reading Ritual as Corporal Technology

This essay offers a new reading of Xunzi’s ritual theory against the backdrop of excavated technical manuals from the Mawangdui and Zhangjiashan collections. While most studies tend to focus on the sociopolitical and moral aspects of Xunzi’s thought, I attempt to demonstrate that in composing his theory of ritual, Xunzi was not only concerned with defending the Confucian tradition against the criticism of his fellow philosophical masters, but was also responding to the emergence of bio-spiritual practices such as meditation, sexual cultivation, and gymnastic exercises. Alarmed by the growing popularity of these individual corporal techniques among the Warring States elite, Xunzi opted to repackage and redefine ritual as a superior technology of the body that would enable humans to transform their bodies and minds and obtain physical and spiritual bounties while at the same time enhancing sociopolitical stability and harmony by creating an organic communal body.     

Xunzi's Use of Zhengming: Naming as a constructive project

This paper challenges the view of several interpreters of Xunzi regarding the status of names, ming. I will maintain that Xunzi's view is consistent with the activity we see not only in his own efforts to influence language, but those of Confucius as well. Based on a reconsideration of translations and interpretations of key passages, I will argue that names are regarded neither as mere labels nor as indicating a privileged taxonomy of the myriad phenomena. Rather, Xunzi conceives them as constructs designed to facilitate social goals. Finally, I will suggest an alternative to overly simplistic understandings of how appropriate names are fashioned and of who is responsible for their form.     

Reading Xunzi through Nāmā: Two Ancient Inquiries into the Nature of Names

This essay is a comparison between two ancient theories of language—the 5th century BCE Indian etymologist Yāska and the 4th century BCE Chinese philosopher Xunzi 荀子. Specifically, it is a reading of the theory of “the rectification of names” in Xunzi through the lens of Yāska. Xunzi is known for his view that humanity’s innate tendencies need to be shaped through education and ritual. Similarly, ancient Indian authors like Yāska understand that a person is created, or made, through the performance of Vedic sacrifice. Both thinkers’ constructivist theories of language and meaning proceed from these ritual assumptions. However, Yāska would query Xunzi’s inherent distrust of multiple meanings of words and their negative effects on a functional state. Guided instead by a theory of the transcendence of Vedic language, Yāska would argue that the more one can proliferate possible meanings the more powerful a word becomes.     

Is Xunzi a utilitarian? Revisiting a disagreement

ABSTRACT

In Chinese scholarship, Xunzi is often regarded as an eclectic Confucian master who accepted some form of utilitarian thoughts (e.g. Fung Yu-lan, Mou Zongsan and Xu Fuguan). This characteristic was also observed by some western scholars such as Benjamin I. Schwartz. In a recent study, I argued that the basic character of Xunzi’s philosophy is utilitarianism in a broad sense based on an examination on his intellectual criticism and political criticism. Xunzi asserts that humans are innately driven by self-interested desires, and he evaluates all intellectual works and political behaviours by their utility. However, he does not limit utility to only basic animal desires such as food and sex. In Xunzi’s view, humans also have innate emotions; hence, these emotions should also be accounted for in their utility. This is similar to John Stuart Mill’s redefinition of Bentham’s concept of utility. Are Xunzi’s and Mill’s concepts of utility exactly the same? This question has yet to be examined. This article is a comparative study between utilitarianism and Xunzi’s philosophy which especially explores the compatibility of these two philosophies.     

荀子性恶论的多维解读

在传统思想研究中,苟子是以性恶论而与孟子、老庄一同构成了中国古典人性论。其实,深入阅读苟子读本,笔者发现荀子对人性的评判较为复杂。传统性恶论远不能揭示荀子人性论思想的丰富性和多元性。笔者现从苟子之“性”的中性色彩、苟子之“恶”的真实解释、苟子人性论中的向善和知善、人和环境的互动四个层面予以展开论述。     

礼道·礼教·礼治:荀子哲学建构新探

荀子以“礼”为中心,形成偏重于儒家“外王学”的哲学建构。他首先把“礼”提升到“道”的高度,作为人类社会乃至自然界的最高哲学范畴;一方面把“礼”作为道德教化的依据,建立起自己的道德学说;另一方面把“礼”作为社会治理的准则,形成自己的社会政治思想。“礼道—礼教—礼治”,构成了荀子哲学思想的主体。     

Exploring the spiritual in the pedagogy of Friedrich Froebel

Friedrich Froebel (1782–1852) was the inventor of the kindergarten, and his emphasis on childcentredness and play influenced the progressive movement throughout the world. The concepts of unity and wholeness are highly visible in his writings. Religion is addressed in his work and that of his followers, but little attention has been paid to spirituality per se in Froebel’s thought. This paper explores the place of the spiritual in Froebel’s scheme and in some of what has been written about him. It notes his use of the concepts of the spirit and spirituality, and considers the relationship between his faith and the Christian religion. It discusses the ‘laws’ which Froebel enunciated: of Divine Unity, opposites and the connection of opposites; the principle of self-activity; and the process of ‘unfoldment’. These principles are observed in his teaching methods and resources, specifically in the Gifts and The Mother-Song Book of 1844. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for such concepts as the spirit of the child and spiritual education. The picture that emerges is of a child-centred education which honours the integrity of childhood. It is argued that such an education, fully embraced, is a spiritual education.     

荀子社会分层的政治伦理思想及其现代价值

基于天人关系,荀子从人的自然本性和社会性出发,对其社会分层的政治伦理思想作了哲学论证。以“礼”为核心和标准,荀子把社会分层划分为社会等级分层与社会职业分层两个层面。荀子把“礼”的功能———“群”与“分”,特别是等级差别之“分”作为社会分层的手段,以最终实现社会和谐有序的政治理想。这对于我们今天构建社会主义和谐社会仍具有一定的现实意义。