传统义利观下当代竞技体育伦理观优化分析

当今中国竞技体育中假球、黑哨、暴力等现象严重损害了人民和社会的利益,危及当代竞技体育的健康发展.通过总结中国竞技体育中出现各种反伦理现象的成因并针对当前部分人道德及价值观迷失和“唯利是图”倾向严重的现象,运用我国传统伦理义利观思想,从“义与利的认识、行为、修身”三个角度,对体育事业中的扭曲现象加以审视.目的是在市场经济的大环境下,倡导“以义为上,以义导利”的优良传统,抑制中国当代竞技体育中的负面倾向,进行了竞技体育中的伦理优化探究.     

我国竞技体育中的道德失范现象探析

在市场经济环境中,受商业化和职业化冲击、竞技体育管理机制存在缺陷、体育法规制度建设滞后等因素影响,我国竞技体育存在着兴奋剂泛滥、篡改运动员真实年龄、假球黑哨、赛场不文明行为等道德失范现象.这些问题若不及时加以治理,不仅会严重制约我国竞技体育的健康发展,还会影响到社会的安定与和谐.只有在加强竞技体育事业从业人员体育道德教育的同时,逐步完善我国竞技体育事业的法制建设,才能有效遏制我国竞技体育道德失范现象的进一步蔓延.     

科技与伦理的断想——竞技运动发展之路的抉择

科技在一定程度上促进了体育的发展,但是现在竞技运动过多地依靠了科技,使竞技运动的发展出现了部分异化的现象和存在了违反道德(体育价值)的现象。道德作为一种价值引领了竞技运动的健康发展。本文在肯定科技对体育发展的功绩的同时,提出科技过多作用于竞技运动所带来的竞技运动发展困境。为了解决科技在竞技运动发展中的困境,指出科技运用于竞技运动需要做到与道德的协调。     

当前竞技体育伦理问题及其实质

竞技体育的伦理问题,不仅仅应该批判竞技体育中的非伦理现象,而且应该着重考察在竞技体育发展中自身衍生的目的和手段及发展方向的异化问题,这种伦理悖论才是实质的竞技体育伦理问题。解决问题的途径是竞技体育的自我调整和竞技体育伦理的建设。     

北京承办08年奥运会对增强我国大众体育意识的推动作用

体育意识是指体育运动的现象、本质和规律在人们头脑中的反映,是人们关于体育运动认识、情感、意志价值观念和理想等统一的心理活动和认知系统.     

"非遗"视域下的少林功夫

河南登封少林寺的少林功夫从发端至今历经1500多年的岁月,其既讲究外在的拳法套路,更注重内在的禅定修为,是代表中国功夫的非物质文化遗产.少林寺颇具前瞻眼光,是佛教界最早着手进行"非遗"申报的宗教单位.2006年,"少林功夫"成功入选第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录.这也是佛教界唯一进入国家级名录的"传统体育、游艺与竞技"类项目.     

绿色体育的伦理思考

绿色体育具有三大价值支点:尊重自己,保证健康;尊重对手,公正竞争;尊重自然,保护环境.这三大价值支点构成了绿色体育的伦理精神.其中,促进健康是体育运动至为始源至为永恒的内容;维护公正是体育运动从个体的、非竞争的功能转化为群体的、竞技的性质之后至为关键至为看重的内容;和谐自然是绿色体育至为新颖至为根本的内容.在推进生态文明,构建和谐社会的进程中,绿色体育具有独特的价值和功能.     

竞技体育对社会伦理道德的双重影响

竞技体育作为体育的重要组成部分,不仅能够提升人们自身的生理素质,而且也深刻地影响着人们的道德生活.竞技体育对社会伦理道德的影响是双重的,为此,一方面要加强竞技体育的道德教育,提高参与者的道德素质,另一方面要不断改革和完善竞技体育制度,发挥竞技体育的优势,避免竞技体育带给人们的消极影响,从而促进人的全面发展和推动社会的和谐进步.     

论竞技体育的异化及伦理矫治

20世纪中期以后,竞技体育以其独有的文化内涵和形式在世界范围内获得了迅速发展,不断地朝着职业化、商业化、政治化、功利化的方向发展,与此同时竞技体育也在逐渐背离其原有的价值取向而出现异化。对竞技体育的概念、异化的表现及原因进行分析,并在此基础上提出对竞技体育进行伦理矫治的具体路径,才能推动竞技体育的健康发展。     

论竞技体育主体的道德需要

竞技体育主体从广义上来说包括竞技体育所有的参与者;从狭义上来说,则主要指竞技体育的直接参与者——运动员。竞技体育主体的道德需要是其作为人的本质规定性所决定的,这种道德需要体现为主体内在的道德素养和运动外在的道德规范。竞技体育主体的道德需要对竞技体育主体具有重要作用,主要通过提高主体的道德能力和完善体育制度来实现。     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.